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2,182 results for “gall”
Vulpia ciliata St.-Lag. subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier (BR0000005076550)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Vulpia ciliata St.-Lag. subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier (BR0000011622628)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Vulpia ciliata St.-Lag. subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier (BR0000011622901)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Vulpia ciliata St.-Lag. subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier (BR0000012634743)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Vulpia ciliata St.-Lag. subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier (BR0000011623175)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Vulpia ciliata St.-Lag. subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier (BR0000011623267)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Vulpia ciliata St.-Lag. subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier (BR0000011622604)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Vulpia ciliata St.-Lag. subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier (BR0000011623236)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Vulpia ciliata St.-Lag. subsp. ambigua (Le Gall) Stace & Auquier (BR0000011622819)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Data for: Speciation in kleptoparasites of oak gall wasps often correlates with shifts into new tree habitats, tree organs, or gall morphospace
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 5 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 5. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A-B) Vochysiaceae = Qualea grandiflora, (C-D) Vochysiaceae = Qualea parviflora. of gall morphotypes per host plant species was 1.37. species was significantly influenced both by plant spe- Gall-inducing arthropods belonged to Acari, Diptera, cies richness (p = 0.011) and abundance of super-host Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. The most important gall-in- plants (p = 0.020) (Table 2). We found that galling speducing arthropods were Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) having cies per plant species was negatively affected by plant induced 34 (85.0%) gall morphotypes. In the sequence species richness (Fig. 6) and positively affected by abunwere Eriophyidae (Acari) inducing three (7.5%) mor- dance of super-host plants (Fig. 7). photypes, Psylloidea (Hemiptera) inducing two (5.0%) morphotypes, and Lepidoptera inducing a single (2.5%) morphotype. DISCUSSION The plant families that showed the greatest richness of arthropod galls were Fabaceae, with 16 (40.0%) mor- The number of galling species observed in the area photypes, Vochysiaceae with four (10.0%) and Myrtaceae of EPA of Rio Pandeiros (40 morphotypes) is intermediary (7.5%) with three morphotypes (Table 1). The plant spe- compared to other studies performed in Neotropical sacies Copaifera oblongifolia and Andira humilis Mart. ex vannas (Table 3). Forexample, Urso-Guimarãesetal. (2003) Benth. (Fabaceae) were the most important host spe- recorded only 22 gall morphotypes in cerrado fragments, cies with five and three morphotypes, respectively. All rupestrian field and gallery forest in Delfinópolis, Minas other host plant species had two or one morphotypes Gerais State. In other study, Maia & Fernandes (2004) re- (Table 1). Most of the arthropod galls occurred on leaves corded 137 morphotypes of insect galls in an area of rup- (90.0%), and was lenticular (45.0%), green (52.5%) and estrian fields and cerrado in the Serra de São José, Minas glabrous (82.5%). Gerais. These numbers extremely variable in the diversi- Galling species richness was not affected by none of ty of galling species can be explained by several factors, explanatory variables (Table 2), despite the tendency of among which are different sampling efforts employed in a positive effect of abundance of super-hosts on the gall the studies, as well as variations in the structural characrichness (p = 0.057). Already the galling species per plant teristics and diversity of the studied vegetation. The stan-
Figure 4 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 4. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A) Fabaceae = Tachigali alba, (B) Malpighiaceae = Malpighiaceae sp., (C) Malvaceae = Eriotheca gracilipes, (D) Myrtaceae = Eugenia dysenterica, (E) Myrtaceae = Eugenia sp., (F) Myrtaceae = Psidium sp., (G) Ochnaceae = Ouratea hexasperma, (H) Ochnaceae = Ouratea spectabilis.
Figure 3 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 3. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A-D) Fabaceae = Copaifera oblongifolia, (E) Fabaceae = Hymenaea stigonocarpa, (F-G) Fabaceae = Machaerium opacum, (H) Fabaceae = Sclerolobium denudatum.
Figure 2 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 2. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A) Dilleniaceae = Davilla elliptica, (B) Ebenaceae = Diospyros hispida, (C) Erythroxylaceae = Erythroxylum suberosum, (D-F) Fabaceae = Andira humilis, (G) Fabaceae = Copaifera luetzelburgii, (H) Fabaceae = Copaifera oblongifolia.
Figure 1 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 1. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A) Anacardiaceae =Anacardium humile, (B) Bignoniaceae = Handroanthus ochraceus, (C) Calophyllaceae = Kielmeyera speciosa, (D) Caryocaraceae = Caryocar brasiliense, (E) Combretaceae = Terminalia fagifolia, (F-G) Connaraceae = Connarus suberosus, (H) Dilleniaceae = Davilla elliptica.
Figure 1 in First characterization of a taxonomically well-resolved trophic network composed by host plants and gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Neotropical region
Figure 1. Bipartite network of host plants and gall midge species at the Restinga of Barra de Maricá (Maricá, RJ, Brazil). Lower bars represent host plant species and upper bars represent gall-midge species; grey bars represent interactions. Bar thickness is proportional to the number of interactions of each species. ble interactions. The observed connectance (C = 0.028) decades), which enhances the sampling of rarer interacwas lower than expected from null model values (Null tions, and consequently increases the specialization of C = 0.032 ± 0.001, p <0.001). Similarly, the observed num- the network. However, this fact reinforces the relevance ber of links per species (L = 0.608) also was lower than of the observed patterns, because even with such a long expected by chance (Null L = 0.710 ± 0.020, p <0.001). sampling, only species-specific plant-galling interactions The observed modularity for plant-galling network was were registered. very high (M = 0.958), but did not differ from null model The structure of the network formed by the gall midgvalues (Null M = 0.959 ± 0.001, p> 0.05). Robustness ob- es and their host plants proved to be highly specialized. served was relatively low (R = 1.343), but was higher than The connectance observed in the present study (2.8%) expected by chance (Null R = 1.334 ± 0.232, p <0.001). was low as compared to other plant-phytophagous networks (review in Araújo et al., 2015). However, comparing with other networks of galling arthropods, the val- DISCUSSION ue observed here was higher than observed by Araújo
Figure 11. - Fruits and galls produced by Epicephala species on Glochidionobovatum. A Fruit produced after pollination by Epicephalaobovatella (Tomogashima, Wakayama) B Gall induced on female flower by Epicephalacorruptrix (Takae, Okinawa) C Cross section of the gall induced by Epicephalacorruptrix. Arrow indicates the galled locule with feeding trace of Epicephala larva. Note that the irregularly developed ovules of the galled locule have merged indistinguishablly to septa. Scale bar 2 mm.
Figure 11. - Fruits and galls produced by Epicephala species on Glochidionobovatum. A Fruit produced after pollination by Epicephalaobovatella (Tomogashima, Wakayama) B Gall induced on female flower by Epicephalacorruptrix (Takae, Okinawa) C Cross section of the gall induced by Epicephalacorruptrix. Arrow indicates the galled locule with feeding trace of Epicephala larva. Note that the irregularly developed ovules of the galled locule have merged indistinguishablly to septa. Scale bar 2 mm.
Figure 24 in Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil)
Figure 24. Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Sapindaceae: (A-B) On Paullinia carpopoda Cambess.: (A) leaf gall, (B) leaf gall, (C-D) On Paullinia sp.: (C) stem gall, (D) leaf gall, (E-H) On Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd.: (E) leaf vein gall, (F) stem gall, (G) bud gall, (H) stem gall, (I-J) On Serjania corrugata Radlk.: (I) stem gall, (J) leaf gall, (K-L) On Serjania sp.: (K) leaf gall, (L) leaf gall, (M-N) On Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart. (Sapotaceae): (M) bud gall, (N) leaf gall.
Figure 23 in Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil)
Figure 23. Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-J) On Rubiaceae: (A) On Psychotria sp. 2, leaf gall, (B) On Randia armata (Sw.) DC., leaf gall, (C-F) On Rudgea jasminoides (Cham) Müll. Arg.: (C) stem gall, (D) stem gall, (E) leaf vein gall, (F) leaf gall, (G-H) On Rudgea sp. 1, (G) leaf gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) On Rudgea sp. 2, leaf gall, (J) On Rudgea sp. 3, leaf gall, (K-L) On Casearia pauciflora Cambess. (Salicaceae): (K) bud gall, (L) leaf petiole gall.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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