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799 results for “island endemism”
Distribution. Endemic to the Ryukyu Is, including 15 small islands of both the Amami and Okinawa Is; it may be distributed to the other small islands as well. in Soricidae
Distribution. Endemic to the Ryukyu Is, including 15 small islands of both the Amami and Okinawa Is; it may be distributed to the other small islands as well.
Interspecific hybridization and island colonization history, not rarity, most strongly affect the genetic diversity in a clade of Mascarene-endemic trees
<p>Many factors shape the genetic diversity of island-endemic trees, with important implications for conservation. Oceanic island-endemic lineages undergo an initial founding bottleneck during the colonization process and subsequently accumulate diversity following colonization. Moreover, many island endemics occur in small populations and are further threatened by anthropogenic factors that cause population declines, making them susceptible to losses in genetic diversity through genetic drift, inbreeding, and bottlenecks. <a name="_Hlk80963234"></a>However, life-history traits commonly found in trees, such as outcrossing mechanisms, long lifespans, and a propensity for interspecific hybridization, may help buffer against losses of genetic variation. To assess the relative importance of colonization history, rarity, and distribution in shaping genetic diversity of island-endemic trees, we conducted a<a name="_Hlk80964566"></a> comparative population genomic analysis of 13 species of <em>Diospyros</em> (Ebenaceae) endemic to the Mascarene Islands that differ in island colonization history, distribution, population size, and IUCN threat status. We genotyped 328 individuals across the islands using 2b-RADseq, compared genetic diversity both among and within species, and assessed patterns of genetic structure. <a name="_Hlk80965008"></a>Genetic diversity did not vary significantly by IUCN status, but we found that species that co-occur with others on the same intermediate-aged island (Mauritius) had much greater genetic diversity than those that occur solitarily on an island (Réunion and Rodrigues), likely because of greater interspecific hybridization among species with overlapping distributions and processes related to time since island colonization. Results presented here were used to <a name="_Hlk80991503"></a>determine priority localities for <em>in situ</em> and <em>ex situ</em> conservation efforts to maximize the genetic diversity of each Mascarene <em>Diospyros</em> species.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Two new endemic species of blueberry (Vaccinium L., Ericaceae) from Luzon and Mindanao islands, Philippines
FIGURE 4. Holotype of Vaccinium jubatum M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch (BRIT BRIT26945). Image courtesy of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas.
FIGURE 3. Vaccinium jubatum. A. Flowering branch. B in Two new endemic species of blueberry (Vaccinium L., Ericaceae) from Luzon and Mindanao islands, Philippines
FIGURE 3. Vaccinium jubatum. A. Flowering branch. B. Adaxial view of part of a leaf showing the marginal glands. C. Flower. D. Flower (corolla removed) exposing the style and disk. E. Lateral view of stamen. F. Ventral view of stamen. Illustration by Maverick N. Tamayo.
FIGURE 2 in Two new endemic species of blueberry (Vaccinium L., Ericaceae) from Luzon and Mindanao islands, Philippines
FIGURE 2. Holotype of Vaccinium burburan M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch (BRIT BRIT26917). Image courtesy of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas.
FIGURE 1. Vaccinium burburan. A. Flowering branch. B. Stem indumentum. C. Flower. D in Two new endemic species of blueberry (Vaccinium L., Ericaceae) from Luzon and Mindanao islands, Philippines
FIGURE 1. Vaccinium burburan. A. Flowering branch. B. Stem indumentum. C. Flower. D. Flower (corolla removed) exposing the disk. E. Ventral view of stamen. F. Dorsal view of stamen. G. Fruit. Illustration by Maverick N. Tamayo.
Conservation genetics of an island-endemic lizard: low Ne and the critical role of intermediate temperatures for genetic connectivity
<p>Island populations are at higher risk of extinction than mainland populations. Therefore, understanding the factors that facilitate connectivity is particularly pressing for the conservation of island taxa. <i>Sceloporus occidentalis becki</i>, the Island Fence Lizard, is an endemic taxon restricted to the Northern Channel Islands, part of a nearshore archipelago in Southern California, USA. Since the Last Glacial Maximum, fence lizard habitat on the Northern Channel Islands has decreased with rising sea levels and increasing temperatures that have reduced the availability of woody vegetation. More recently, the introduction (and subsequent removal) of invasive ungulates over the last 170 years and recovery of vegetation has resulted in further dramatic habitat modification. Given the potential for genetic bottlenecks, the history of habitat alteration, and topographic and landscape complexity, we used landscape and population genetic approaches to characterize patterns of genetic diversity and structure of Island Fence Lizards on Santa Cruz Island, the largest of the Northern Channel Islands. Our analyses revealed shallow population structure across the island, low effective population size (<i>N<sub>e</sub></i> = ~200), and evidence for a recent genetic bottleneck. Landscape genetic analyses showed that connectivity is facilitated by tree canopy cover and shrubland, as well as by intermediate temperatures, emphasizing the importance of woody vegetation and habitats with variable thermal regimes as the climate warms. Combined, these population and landscape genetic analyses suggest that the Island Fence Lizard is of greater conservation concern than currently appreciated, and increased conservation management focus is warranted for this island endemic.</p>
FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters for separating Aplocheilus andamanicus and A in The identity of Aplocheilus andamanicus (Köhler, 1906) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), an endemic Killifish from the Andaman Islands, with notes on Odontopsis armata van Hasselt
FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters for separating Aplocheilus andamanicus and A. panchax. (A) One of the original syntypes of Aplocheilus andamanicus collected by Day (1878) from the Andamans, now lectotype, BMNH 1870.5.18.34-36, 74.8 mm SL, Port Blair, (B) topotypes of A. andamanicus, male, BNHS FWF 563, 65.2 mm SL, collected from south Andaman Island, (C) topotypes of A. panchax, male, BNHS FWF 569, 28.3 mm SL, collected from West Bengal, India. See-through vertical lines represent the relative positions of the pectoral-fin origin and the posterior extremity of dorsal, pelvic and anal fins.
FIGURE 6 in The identity of Aplocheilus andamanicus (Köhler, 1906) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), an endemic Killifish from the Andaman Islands, with notes on Odontopsis armata van Hasselt
FIGURE 6. Intra- and inter-species genetic distances for species in the 'Aplocheilus panchax complex'. There is a clear genetic gap, spanning from 2.5 to 6.6%, between the maximum intra-species distance and minimum inter-species distance, indicating that the three species are genetically distinct from each other. Black lines within the boxes indicate the medians, the red line the mean; box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers extend 1.5 times the interquartile range from the 25th and 75th percentiles, outliers are represented by solid circles.
FIGURE 1 in The identity of Aplocheilus andamanicus (Köhler, 1906) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), an endemic Killifish from the Andaman Islands, with notes on Odontopsis armata van Hasselt
FIGURE 1. Topotypes of Aplocheilus andamanicus and A. panchax in life. (A) Aplocheilus andamanicus, male, BNHS FWF 563, 65.2 mm SL, (B) A. andamanicus female, BNHS FWF 562, 65.0 mm SL, (C) A. andamanicus, female, BNHS FWF 564, 30.8 mm SL, and (D) A. panchax, male, BNHS FWF 569, 28.3 mm SL.
FIGURE 7 in The identity of Aplocheilus andamanicus (Köhler, 1906) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), an endemic Killifish from the Andaman Islands, with notes on Odontopsis armata van Hasselt
FIGURE 7. Aplocheilus armatus male (A) and female (B) from Singapore, Sungai Poyan. Photo: Heok Hui Tan.
FIGURE 5 in The identity of Aplocheilus andamanicus (Köhler, 1906) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), an endemic Killifish from the Andaman Islands, with notes on Odontopsis armata van Hasselt
FIGURE 5. Phylogeographical map showing the distribution of Aplocheilus andamanicus, A. panchax and A. armatus.
FIGURE 4 in The identity of Aplocheilus andamanicus (Köhler, 1906) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), an endemic Killifish from the Andaman Islands, with notes on Odontopsis armata van Hasselt
FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic position of Aplocheilus andamanicus, A. panchax and A. armatus based on Bayesian analysis. Bayesian topology is shown. Values along the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities followed by the bootstrap support from maximum likelihood analysis based on best partition scheme. Cubanichthys pengelleyi is used as the out-group. Sequences of topotypes of Aplocheilus andamanicus, A. panchax and A. armatus are labelled in red.
FIGURE 3. Diagnostic characters separating Aplocheilus andamanicus and A in The identity of Aplocheilus andamanicus (Köhler, 1906) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), an endemic Killifish from the Andaman Islands, with notes on Odontopsis armata van Hasselt
FIGURE 3. Diagnostic characters separating Aplocheilus andamanicus and A. panchax. (A) Diagrammatic representation of the frontal squamation pattern and neuromasts and (B) structural morphology and coloration pattern of caudal fin in Aplocheilus andamanicus (BNHS FWF 563) and A. panchax (BNHS FWF 569). Abbreviations: ais = anterior infraorbital series; an = anterior naris; arn = anterior rostral neuromast; ots = otic series; pan = parietal neuromast; pbs = preorbital series; pis = posterior infraorbital series; pn = posterior naris; prn = posterior rostral neuromast; sos = supraorbital series; stn = supratemporal neuromasts; A–F = frontal scales.
FIGURES 1–7. Hydropsyche perseus Malicky 2001, larva. 1 in The larva of Hydropsyche perseus Malicky 2001, endemic to Kerkyra (Corfu) Island, including a key for the known Hydropsyche larvae of the Greek islands
FIGURES 1–7. Hydropsyche perseus Malicky 2001, larva. 1, habitus, right lateral; 2, head, dorsal; 3, head, ventral; 4, frontoclypeal apotome, dorsal; 5, submentum, ventral; 6, prosternites, ventral; 7, plates on abdominal sterna VIII and IX, ventral. Scale bars: Fig. 1: 2.0 mm; Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6: 0.5 mm; Fig. 7: 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 19 in Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus with spots on their sides as adults, with description of a new species endemic to the Marquesas Islands (Teleostei: Carangidae)
FIGURE 19. Dorsal and lateral views of skull in Trachinotus: A, T. mookalee, ANSP 148969, 570 mm FL, Cochin, India; B, T. africanus, ANSP 148968, 532 mm FL, Durban, South Africa (supraoccipital shape is the same in all species, except T. mookalee). Drawn by William F. Smith-Vaniz.
FIGURE 20 in Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus with spots on their sides as adults, with description of a new species endemic to the Marquesas Islands (Teleostei: Carangidae)
FIGURE 20. Hyperostotic first supraneural (shaded) and adjacent non-hyperostotic supraneural in lateral view (anterior to left). Outlines traced from radiographs plotted against fork length (FL) in Trachinotus blochii. Numbers correspond to the following specimen voucher catalog numbers, FL mm lengths (in parentheses) and localities: 1, CAS 32093 (130) Madagascar; 2, ANSP 148749 (160) Madagascar; 3, ANSP 148749 (178) Madagascar; 4, ANSP 148740 (190) Sri Lanka; 5, ANSP 144395 (212) Sri Lanka; 6, ANSP 148735 (229) Chagos; 7, ANSP 151014 (237) Sri Lanka; 8, ANSP 151015 (246) Sri Lanka; 9, ANSP 151015 (291) Sri Lanka; 10, ANSP 148735 (329) Chagos; 11, ANSP 138159 (335) Seychelles; 12, ANSP 138159 (364) Seychelles; 13, ANSP 148735 (407) Chagos; 14, ANSP 138157 (461) Seychelles; 15, ANSP 148733 (469) Sri Lanka; 16, ANSP 148735 (483) Chagos; 17, ANSP 148787 (520) Sri Lanka; 18, ANSP 138883 (556) Gulf of Oman.
FIGURE 17. Trachinotus coppingeri, ANSP 153828, 254 in Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus with spots on their sides as adults, with description of a new species endemic to the Marquesas Islands (Teleostei: Carangidae)
FIGURE 17. Trachinotus coppingeri, ANSP 153828, 254 mm FL, Australia, Queensland. Drawn by Karen Ackoff.
FIGURE 16 in Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus with spots on their sides as adults, with description of a new species endemic to the Marquesas Islands (Teleostei: Carangidae)
FIGURE 16. Trachinotus botla: A, 380 mm FL, Karachi, Pakistan; B, CSIRO H 8369–01, 415 mm FL, Indonesia, Java. Photographs courtesy of: A, Hamid Badar Osmany and B, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO).
FIGURE 10 in Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus with spots on their sides as adults, with description of a new species endemic to the Marquesas Islands (Teleostei: Carangidae)
FIGURE 10. Trachinotus baillonii: A, KAUM I57304, 230 mm SL, Okiakima-jima Island, Japan (Hiroyuki Motomura); B, Exmouth Gulf, Australia (John Sear).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.