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733 results for “passive”
Loneliness and well-being in Finnish immigrants: A multimodal dataset from wearables and passive data collection
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Unsupervised acoustic classification of individual gibbon females and the implications for passive acoustic monitoring
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A species diversity dataset of beetles by three passive acquisition methods in Tei Tong Tsai (Hong Kong)
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Data from: Picky hitch-hikers: vector choice leads to directed dispersal and fat-tailed kernels in a passively dispersing mite
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Fire promotes passive directed dispersal by birds
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Data supplementing the article "Aquatic biofilms as passive environmental DNA samplers: application to benthic macroinvertebrate communities in rivers" - raw MiSeq data inventories
<p>These data supplement the article “Aquatic biofilms as passive environmental DNA samplers: application to benthic macroinvertebrate communities in rivers” Sinziana F. Rivera, Valentin Vasselon, Nathalie Mary, Olivier Monnier, Fréderic Rimet & Agnès Bouchez submitted to “Molecular Ecology Resources” journal.</p> <p>The directory is composed of: “38_samples_fastq:files”: contains raw demultiplexed fastq files (R1. fastq and R2. fastq) for each of the 38 samples used in this study to produce OTUs and taxonomic inventories.</p> <p>“Samples id.xlsx”: contains the samples ID of the fastq files</p> <p>“Inventories.xlsx”: contains single and multi-habitat morphological inventories as well as molecular inventories resulting from the study</p>
Assessing the potential of passive seismic receiver functions for ore body exploration - Supporting information
<p>supplement.pdf - figures with inversion results for individual stations in the Tara passive seismic array</p>
Automated detection of Hainan gibbon calls for passive acoustic monitoring
<p>Data accompanying the paper: "Automated detection of Hainan gibbon calls for passive acoustic monitoring"</p> <p><strong>Please cite this dataset as:</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>Dufourq, Emmanuel and Durbach, Ian and Hansford, James and Hoepfner, Amanda and Ma, Heidi and Bryant, Jessica and Stender, Christina and Li, Wenyong and Liu, Zhiwei and Chen, Qing and Zhou, Zhaoli and Turvey, Samuel. (2020). Automated detection of Hainan gibbon calls for passive acoustic monitoring. BioRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.285502</p> </blockquote> <p>The Hainan gibbon is the world's rarest primate and one of the world's rarest mammals, with only a single population of about 30 individuals surviving in Bawangling National Nature Reserve (BNNR), Hainan, China. Eight Song Meter SM3 recorders (Wildlife Acoustics, Maynard, Massachusetts) were used to collect acoustic data from 1 March to 20 August 2016 within BNNR. Recorders were attached to trees at approximately 1.5 meters from the ground in tropical evergreen forest. Recorders were set to record for eight hours each day from the time of sunrise, which varied between approximately 05:00 and 06:00 during the study period. Devices did not record continuously throughout the entire survey period due to logistical and technical issues; in total, survey days per recorder varied between 79 and 129 days, and roughly 6,000 hours of recordings were collected. The majority of recordings were made with a sampling rate of 9,600Hz and bit depth of 16, with isolated recordings at 28,800Hz.</p> <p>We provide the audio data (.wav) used to train and test our neural network classifier along with the corresponding labelled text files (.data).</p> <p><strong>Files provided</strong></p> <p>Train.zip - contains the training .wav audio files</p> <p>Train_Labels.zip - contains the labels for the training data</p> <p>Test.zip - contains the testing .wav audio files</p> <p>Test_Labels.zip - contains the labels for the test data</p> <p>Extra_Labelled_Data.zip - contains extra data that was labelled and non-gibbon calls used for training</p> <p>Extra_Labels.zip - contains the labels for the extra labelled data</p> <p>Unlabelled_Data.zip - contains additional .wav audio files which have not been labelled. These are split into various files (1-15) and can be downloaded individually.</p> <p>Code.zip - contains all the software scripts and notebooks</p> <p>Manual-zip - contains the user manual</p> <p><strong>Labels</strong></p> <p>The names of the labelled files start with either "g_" or "n_", for example "g_HGSM3D_0+1_20160429_051600.data" and "n_HGSM3D_0+1_20160429_051600.data". Files starting with "g_" contain the timestamps of the gibbon calls, and files starting with "n_" contain the timestamps of non-gibbon calls (e.g. background noise and bird calls). An audio file will have both a "g_" and "n_" file. Each file has the following format: Start,End,Duration,Type,Notes, where "start" denotes the start time in seconds, "end" denotes the end time in seconds, "duration" denotes the duration (end - start) in seconds, "type" denotes the type of call/noise and "notes" are additional notes which we labelled.</p> <p><strong>Types</strong></p> <p>The legend for the "type" column in the labelled files is defined as follows. The types for gibbon and non-gibbon files are different and we distinguish this below.</p> <p> </p> <p>Gibbon files ("g_")</p> <p>type 1 = one pulse gibbon call</p> <p>type 2 = multiple pulse gibbon call (check "notes column" below)</p> <p>type 3 = duet gibbon call</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Notes column (only available in gibbon files)</em></p> <p>One of the following: 2 pulse call, 3 pulse call, 4 pulse call, 5 pulse call or 6 pulse call.</p> <p> </p> <p>Non-gibbon files ("n_")</p> <p>type 1 = rain</p> <p>type 2 = other species (e.g. birds)</p> <p>type 3 = rain and other species</p> <p>type 4 = rain and external noise (e.g. aircraft)</p> <p>type 5 = natural sounds and external noise</p> <p>type 6 = natural sounds and other species</p> <p><strong>Training files (containing gibbon calls):</strong></p> <p>HGSM3AC_0+1_20160309_055600<br> HGSM3AC_0+1_20160312_055400<br> HGSM3A_0+1_20160304_060000<br> HGSM3BD_0+1_20160305_060000<br> HGSM3AC_0+1_20160314_055200<br> HGSM3B_0+1_20150616_050500<br> HGSM3BD_0+1_20160402_053600<br> HGSM3D_0+1_20160429_051600<br> HGSM3B_0+1_20160305_060000<br> HGSM3C_0+1_20160501_051500<br> HGSM3SOL_0+1_20160320_054700<br> HGSM3SOL_0+1_20160405_053400<br> HGSM3BD_0+1_20160401_053700</p> <p><strong>Testing files:</strong></p> <p>HGSM3B_0+1_20160323_054500<br> HGSM3B_0+1_20160321_054700<br> HGSM3B_0+1_20160306_055900<br> HGSM3B_0+1_20160308_055700<br> HGSM3B_0+1_20160309_055600<br> HGSM3B_0+1_20160316_055100<br> HGSM3B_0+1_20160311_055500<br> HGSM3B_0+1_20160304_060000<br> HGSM3B_0+1_20160322_054600</p>
Ecohydrology of urban trees under passive and active irrigation in a semiarid city
<p>The infiltration of stormwater runoff for use by urban trees is a major co-benefit of green infrastructure for desert cities with limited water resources. However, the effects of this passive irrigation versus regular, controlled moisture inputs, or active irrigation, is largely unquantified. We monitored the ecohydrology of urban mesquite trees (<i>Prosopis spp.</i>) under these contrasting irrigation regimes in semiarid Tucson, AZ. Measurements included soil moisture, sap velocity, canopy greenness, and leaf-area index. We expected both irrigation types to provide additional deep (>20 cm) soil moisture compared to natural conditions, and that trees would depend on this deep moisture for transpiration and phenological activity. Results show that active irrigation supported higher soil moisture throughout the study than passive irrigation. Passive irrigation only provided additional deep moisture when green infrastructure features received impervious runoff from a city street. Sap velocity and greenness were similar under both irrigation types, outside of isolated periods of time. These differences occurred during the extremely wet summer 2017 when passively irrigated trees exhibited a greenness peak, and the dry conditions of spring when actively irrigated trees had higher sap flow and relative greenness. Finally, it was not determined that deep soil moisture had a stronger relationship with mesquite productivity than shallow moisture, but both relationships were stronger in the spring, before summer rains. This study aims to contribute empirical observations of green infrastructure performance for urban watershed management.</p>
Data from: Do 'passive' medical titanium surfaces deteriorate in service in the absence of wear?
Globally, more than 1000 tonnes of titanium (Ti) is implanted into patients in the form of biomedical devices on an annual basis. Ti is perceived to be 'biocompatible' owing to the presence of a robust passive oxide film (approx. 4 nm thick) at the metal surface. However, surface deterioration can lead to the release of Ti ions, and particles can arise as the result of wear and/or corrosion processes. This surface deterioration can result in peri-implant inflammation, leading to the premature loss of the implanted device or the requirement for surgical revision. Soft tissues surrounding commercially pure cranial anchorage devices (bone-anchored hearing aid) were investigated using synchrotron X-ray micro-fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure. Here, we present the first experimental evidence that minimal load-bearing Ti implants, which are not subjected to macroscopic wear processes, can release Ti debris into the surrounding soft tissue. As such debris has been shown to be pro-inflammatory, we propose that such distributions of Ti are likely to effect to the service life of the device.
Data from: The nervous system does not compensate for an acute change in the balance of passive force between synergist muscles
It is unclear how muscle activation strategies adapt to differential acute changes in the biomechanical characteristics between synergist muscles. This issue is fundamental to understanding the control of almost every joint in the body. The aim of this human experiment was to determine whether the relative activation of the heads of the triceps surae (Gastrocnemius medialis [GM], Gastrocnemius lateralis [GL] and Soleus [SOL]) compensates for differential changes in passive force between these muscles. Twenty-four participants performed isometric ankle plantarflexion at 20N.m and 20% of the active torque measured during a maximal contraction, at three ankle angles (30&[deg] of plantarflexion, 0&[deg] and 25&[deg] of dorsiflexion; knee fully extended). Myoelectric activity (electromyography) provided an index of neural drive. Muscle shear modulus (elastography) provided an index of muscle force. Passive dorsiflexion induced a much larger increase in passive shear modulus for GM (+657.6&[plusmn]257.7%) than GL (+488.7&[plusmn]257.9%) and SOL (+106.6&[plusmn]93.0%). However, the neural drive during submaximal tasks did not compensate for this change in the balance of the passive force. Instead, when considering the contraction at 20% MVC, GL RMS EMG was reduced at both 0&[deg] (-39.4&[plusmn]34.5%) and DF 25&[deg] (-20.6&[plusmn]58.6%) compared to PF 30&[deg], while GM and SOL RMS EMG did not change. As a result, the GM/GL ratio of shear modulus was higher at 0&[deg] and DF 25&[deg] than PF 30&[deg], indicating that the greater the dorsiflexion angle, the stronger the bias of force to GM compared to GL. The magnitude of this change in force balance varied greatly between participants.
Data from: Passively stuck: death does not affect gecko adhesion strength
Many geckos use adhesive toe pads on the bottom of their digits to attach to surfaces with remarkable strength. Although gecko adhesion has been studied for hundreds of years, gaps exist in our understanding at the whole-animal level. It remains unclear whether the strength and maintenance of adhesion are determined by the animal or are passively intrinsic to the system. Here we show, for the first time, that strong adhesion is produced passively at the whole-animal level. Experiments on both live and recently euthanized tokay geckos (Gekko gecko) revealed that death does not affect the dynamic adhesive force or motion of a gecko foot when pulled along a vertical surface. Using a novel device that applied repeatable and steady-increasing pulling forces to the foot in shear, we found that the adhesive force was similarly high and variable when the animal was alive (mean ± s.d. = 5.4 ± 1.7 N) and within 30 min after death (5.4 ± 2.1 N). However, kinematic analyses showed that live geckos are able to control the degree of toe pad engagement and can rapidly stop strong adhesion by hyperextending the toes. This study offers the first assessment of whole-animal adhesive force under extremely controlled conditions. Our findings reveal that dead geckos maintain the ability to adhere with the same force as living animals, disproving that strong adhesion requires active control.
Data from: Inference of Japanese encephalitis virus ecological and evolutionary dynamics from passive and active virus surveillance
A comprehensive monitoring strategy is vital for tracking the spread of mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Virus detection consists of passive surveillance of primarily humans and swine, and/or active surveillance in mosquitoes, which may be a valuable proxy in providing insights into ecological processes underlying the spread and persistence of JEV. However, it has not been well characterized whether passive surveillance alone can capture the circulating genetic diversity to make reasonable inferences. Here, we develop phylogenetic models to infer JEV host changes, spatial diffusion patterns, and evolutionary dynamics from data collected through active and passive surveillance. We evaluate the feasibility of using JEV sequence data collected from mosquitoes to estimate the migration histories of genotypes GI and GIII. We show that divergence times estimated from this dataset were comparable to estimates from all available data. Increasing the amount of data collected from active surveillance improved time of most recent common ancestor estimates and reduced uncertainty. Phylogenetic estimates using all available data and only mosquito data from active surveillance produced similar results, showing that GI epidemics were widespread and diffused significantly faster between regions than GIII. In contrast, GIII outbreaks were highly structured and unlinked suggesting localized, unsampled infectious sources. Our results show that active surveillance of mosquitoes can sufficiently capture circulating genetic diversity of JEV to confidently estimate spatial and evolutionary patterns. While surveillance of other hosts could contribute to more detailed disease tracking and evaluation, comprehensive JEV surveillance programs should include systematic surveillance in mosquitoes to infer the most complete patterns for epidemiology, and risk assessment.
Effectiveness of passive sampling for the detection and genetic characterization of human viruses in wastewater (Dataset 1)
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Effectiveness of passive sampling for the detection and genetic characterization of human viruses in wastewater (Dataset 2)
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Passive tracer simulation data
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Data for Model test on the passive failure of slurry shield tunneling in circular-gravel stratum
<p>Data for Model test on the passive failure of slurry shield tunneling in circular-gravel stratum.</p>
Dobule Passivation
<p>Supporting pictures of the dobule passivation experiments</p>
Interactions between Aluminium and Fired Passivating Contacts during Fire-Through Metallization
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Chapter 4 – Characterising the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains by detrital apatite, rutile, and titanite U-Pb dating and trace element analysis: How passive tectonics led to inception of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.