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FIGURE 4 in Description of three species of Eurypon Gray, 1867 (Raspailiidae: Demospongiae: Porifera) from the Western Atlantic and a name to replace the the secondary homonym Eurypon topsenti
FIGURE 4. Eurypon potiguaris sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1949, holotype). A, preserved specimen; B, close up of sponge surface. Scale bars: A = 2 cm; B = 2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Description of three species of Eurypon Gray, 1867 (Raspailiidae: Demospongiae: Porifera) from the Western Atlantic and a name to replace the the secondary homonym Eurypon topsenti
FIGURE 3. Spicule complement of Eurypon oxychaetum sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 3007, holotype) in SEM. A, choanosomal subtylostyles; B, subtylostyles details; C, subectosomal styles; D, styles details; E, oxychaetes; F, oxychaetes details; G, acanthostyles I; H, acanthostyles I details; I, acanthostyles II; J, acanthostyles II details. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 40 µm; C = 100 µm; D, H, J = 10 µm; E, I = 20 µm; F = 4 µm; G = 50 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Description of three species of Eurypon Gray, 1867 (Raspailiidae: Demospongiae: Porifera) from the Western Atlantic and a name to replace the the secondary homonym Eurypon topsenti
FIGURE 7. Spicule complement of Eurypon verticillatum sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1966, holotype) in SEM. A, choanosomal tylostyles; B, tylostyles details; C, size variation of acanthostyles I; D, acanthostyles I and details of verticillate spines (arrows); E, size variation of acanthostyles II; F, acanthostyles II details and details of verticillate spines (arrows); G, raphides. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 10 µm; C = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F–G = 5 µm.
Mutagenesis to Replace IRES with T2A in NSD3-Short-3xFLAG Lentiviral Expression Vector
<p><strong>SGC Open Notebook Project to Characterize the HMTase NSD3</strong></p> <p><strong>Exp016 Objective: </strong>Bicistronic elements are common features in lentiviral expression systems that allow expression of two protein products from a single promoter. The two most common bicistronic elements are the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), which allows cap-independent translation of a second open reading frame within an mRNA, and the 2A system, which introduces a self-cleaving peptide between two desired protein products. There are several advantages to the the 2A system over an IRES, which include matched expression levels of your two protein products of interest as well as having a smaller footprint (~1/10 size in kb), which may improve viral titre. Therefore, I will use site-directed mutagenesis to alter the NSD3short lentiviral expression plasmid to replace the IRES sequence with a T2A sequence.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, a generic homonym, replaced by Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
FIGURE 2. Titanochrysa chloros (Freitas & Penny); specimens: laboratory-reared from females collected in Mato Grosso, Brazil. A–B. Head and thoraX, dorsal and lateral (male); C–D. Head, lateral and frontal (female); E. Mandible, dorsal; F. Habitus, lateral (female).
FIGURE 1 in Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, a generic homonym, replaced by Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
FIGURE 1. Cryptochrysa chloros Freitas & Penny holotype (male), Mato Grosso, Brazil. A. Head, frontal; B. Head and thoraX, lateral; C. Terminalia, lateral; D. Gonarcal compleX, dorsal; E. Gonarcal compleX, lateral; F. ApeX of arcessus, lateral; G. Labels.
FIGURE 3 in Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, a generic homonym, replaced by Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
FIGURE 3. Titanochrysa chloros (Freitas & Penny); specimens: laboratory-reared from females collected in Mato Grosso, Brazil. A, B. Male terminalia, lateral; C. Gonarcal compleX, lateral; D. Gonarcal compleX, ventral; E. Gonapsis, lateral; F. Gonapsis, dorsal G. Female terminalia, lateral (Note round callus cerci.); H–I. Spermatheca, lateral and ventral; J. ApeX of spermathecal duct. Abbreviations: ap-gs, lateral apodemes of gonarcus; arc, arcessus; cc, callus cerci; gc, gonocornua; gps, gonapsis; gst, gonosetae; llb, lateral lobe; mt, microtrichiae; sp, spermatheca; spd, spermathecal duct; S8+9, fused eighth and ninth sternites; tip, distal end of arcessus; tuft, tuft of setae attached to base of gonapsis; v, velum.
FIGURE 4 in Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, a generic homonym, replaced by Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
FIGURE 4. Titanochrysa chloros (Freitas & Penny); specimen from Aragua, Venezuela. Male abdomen and genitalia. A. Segments A3–A9, lateral; B. Segments A6–A9, lateral; C–D. Surface of S7, S8, with dense microtholi; E. Surface of S9, without microtholi; F. Callus cerci (oval); G. Gonarcal compleX, ventral; H. Arcessus and distal end of gonarcus, ventrolateral; I. Gonapsis, lateral. Abbreviations: gst, gonosetae; llb, lateral lobes; p, papillae bordering gonosaccus; S3, S7, third, seventh sternite; S8+9, fused eighth and ninth sternites; tuft, tuft of elongate setae; T3, T7, T8, numbered tergites; T9+ect, fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.
FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end.
FIGURE 7. Rhabdocalyptus trichotis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 7. Rhabdocalyptus trichotis n. sp., holotype body. A. The holotype in lab. B. External view of distal end with conules and veil. C. Internal view of distal end with turned-in margin and veil. D. Dermal (outer) surface showing remnants of the dermal lattice. E. Atrial (inner) surface showing uncovered exhalant canals and atrial lattice directly applied to the underlying tissues and thus invisible. F. Atrial peel containing pentactins and diactins.
FIGURE 2. Pinulasma bowiensis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 2. Pinulasma bowiensis n. sp., holotype body. A. Dermal side of some larger fragments of the preserved holotype showing dermal processes projecting out and fused to form ridges. B. The largest fragment, atrial side, showing large apertures on the atrial surface that pass out into the dermal processes. C. Outer (dermal) view of a medium-size fragment, upper end left. D. lateral view of the same fragment, main wall at bottom from which dermal processes project upwards in this view. E. Outer ridge of dermal process with two parietal oscula. F. Parietal osculum with a few scopules projecting from its margin. G. Dermal lattice of loose pentactins covering the dark inhalant channels. H. Close view of dermal pentactin lattice showing variation in arrangement of spicule rays. I. Close view of atrial lattice showing a consistent uniform arrangement of spicule rays.
FIGURE 1 in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 1. Map of the two collection areas, Bowie Seamount and remains of the USS Independence with locations of species marked by black circles.
FIGURE 4. Pinulasma bowiensis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 4. Pinulasma bowiensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Dermal and atrial pentactins with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Tyloscopules, whole, enlarged ends and greatly enlarged tine club. C. Choanosomal small oxyhexactins, separate (above) and fused network (below). D. Uncinate, whole and enlarged mid-segment. E. Discohexasters 1 (above) and discohexaster 2 (below). F. Terminal ray tufts of discohexaster 1 (left) and discohexaster 2 (right). G. Oxyhexaster whole. H. Terminal rays of oxyhexaster.
FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details.
FIGURE 6. Farrea schulzei n. nom., spicules. A in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 6. Farrea schulzei n. nom., spicules. A. Dermalia, pentactin and paratetractin and closeups of tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Atrialia, pentactin and paratetractin with closeups of ray ends. C. Anchorate clavules, two whole and enlarged ends. D. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. E. Oxyhexaster with enlarged secondary ray end. F. Hemioxyhexaster. G. Oxyhexactin.
FIGURE 9. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 9. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae n. sp. body. A. Encircled specimen in situ on USS Independence prior to sample collection by ROV. B. Facial views of dermal (above) and atrial (below) surfaces of the fragment available for analysis. C. Longitudinal section of the oscular margin (dermal right, atrial left) showing the narrow distribution of diactine prostalia and emergent pentactine hypodermalia. D. Small conules at the emergence points of diactins and pentactins. E. Atrial surface of the vestibule with open, uncovered exhalant canal apertures. F. Dermal lattice over inhalant canals and subdermal spaces. G. Atrial lattice tightly bound to underlying tissues between exhalant canals.
FIGURE 3. Pinulasma bowiensis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 3. Pinulasma bowiensis n. sp., holotype framework. A. The cleaned dictyonal framework of fragment of Fig. 1C viewed from the outer (dermal) side. B. A 5 mm thick section of the same framework viewed from the side, main wall left; note the shift in skeletal arrangement from septate main framework to dermal process framework about 1 cm out from the main wall. C. Thick cross-section of the main wall, with long-meshed primary dictyonal wall between the thick dermal cortex (right) and thin atrial cortex (left). D. Frontal view of main framework with dermal cortex intact on right side and dermal cortex dissected away on left side to reveal the long-meshed primary layer. E. Primary dictyonal layer dissected from fragment in LM. F. Framework of dermal process showing approximately even spacing between longitudinal and transverse beam lengths (lacking elongate meshes and strong septa). G. Dermal spurs. H. View of heterogeneous ornamentation of beams—some areas with dense spines and other areas without spines.
FIGURE 5. Farrea schulzei n. nom., body. A in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 5. Farrea schulzei n. nom., body. A. Encircled specimen in situ on USS Independence during collection by ROV. B. Terminal tubular element made available for inspection. C. One layer framework at mid-level of tube in B. D. Framework at growing edge showing growth of longitudinal strands before addition of dictyonalia. E. Oblique view of framework showing both internal and external spurs curved downstream towards the osculum. F. View of atrial surface of whole mount with arrowheads marking four of the anchorate clavules occurring only on this side.
FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype.
FIGURE 8. Rhabdocalyptus trichotis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
FIGURE 8. Rhabdocalyptus trichotis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Prostal diactin, whole and two close-ups. B. Hypodermal pentactins, two whole smooth ones, lateral view of thorned one and close-up of thorned segment of tangential ray. C. Choanosomal diactins including four whole spicules, three magnified ends and a center segment showing insignificant center swelling. D. Dermalia, including whole pentactin, stauractin, tauactin, paradiactin and magnified ray tip. E. Atrialia, pentactin and diactin. F. Discoctaster, whole and close-ups of center, tuft of terminal rays and one terminal ray. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with close-ups of spicule center and terminal ray. H. Oxyhexactin. I Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other whole microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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