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FIGURE 1 in The tadpole of Scinax camposseabrai (Bokermann) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)

FIGURE 1. Tadpole of Scinax camposseabrai. (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view, (C) ventral view (scale = 10 mm), (D) open oral disc (scale = 1 mm) (stage 33), (E) keratinized sheets associated to the lower jaw sheath and (F) spurs associated to the lower jaw sheath. Drawings: Ednei de Almeida Mercês.

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →

FIGURE 6 in Tadpoles Of The High-Andean Hyloxalus Subpunctatus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) With Description Of Larval Variation And Species Distinction By Larval Morphology

FIGURE 6: Ontogenetic changes in free-living tadpoles of Hyloxalus subpunctatus. (A) Stage 26, TL = 11.5 mm, ICN 34083; (B) Stage 28, TL = 25.4 mm, ICN 45567; (C) Stage 35, TL = 33.4, ICN 45567; (D) Stage 43, TL = 29.8, ICN 45567. Not to scale.

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →

FIGURE 5 in Tadpoles Of The High-Andean Hyloxalus Subpunctatus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) With Description Of Larval Variation And Species Distinction By Larval Morphology

FIGURE 5: Pattern of variation in the number of marginal papillae rows against Gosner's (1960) stages in free-swimming tadpoles of Hyloxalus subpunctatus. Values represent the mode in each stage; see Table 3 for the size sample. Conventions: (A) papillae on anterior lip, (B) papillae on postero-lateral side of posterior lip and (C) papillae on medial region of the posterior lip; (1) one row, (2) one biseriated row, (3) two rows and (4) three or more rows of papillae.

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →

FIGURE 3 in Tadpoles Of The High-Andean Hyloxalus Subpunctatus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) With Description Of Larval Variation And Species Distinction By Larval Morphology

FIGURE 3: Variation in the disposition of intestines in the free-swimming tadpoles of Hyloxalus subpunctatus. Central (A), centro-sinistral (B) and longitudinal (C) intestines. (A) ICN 45566, stage 27, total length 27 mm (approx.) and body length 11 mm. (B) ICN 45566, stage 26, total length 19.5 mm and body length 8.4 mm. (C) ICN 32500, stage 31, total length 27 mm (approx.) and body length 12.5 mm.

FIG. 2 in Predators Induce Morphological Changes in Tadpoles of Hyla andersonii

FIG. 2. Representative photos of tadpoles of H. andersonii reared without predators (top) and with predators (bottom) and their corresponding ImageJ pixel color histograms. Lower values indicate darker pixels, and higher values indicate lighter pixels in the image. The y-axis of the histograms indicates the frequency of pixels for each darkness score.

FIG. 6 in Predators Induce Morphological Changes in Tadpoles of Hyla andersonii

FIG. 6. Principal component analysis of the tail morphological traits total tadpole length (TTL), tail color (col1), and standardized body length (sBL), standardized tail muscle depth (sTMD), standardized tail length (sTL), and standardized tail fin depth (sTFD) sampled on Day 32.

FIG. 1 in Predators Induce Morphological Changes in Tadpoles of Hyla andersonii

FIG. 1. Photograph of H. andersonii depicting the locations of tail measurements. BL ¼ Body length, TL ¼ tail length, TMD ¼ tail muscle depth, TFD ¼ tail fin depth. Body length was measured from tadpole snout to start of tail muscle. Tail length was measured along the tail muscle from start of tail muscle to tail tip. Tail muscle depth was measured at the base of the tail, and tail fin depth was measured from fin top to bottom at the deepest location along tail length. Total tadpole length (TTL) was determined by adding TL to BL.

opennotspecifiedMar 2020View details →

FIG. 3 in Dead Spadefoot Tadpoles Adaptively Modify Development in Future Generations: A Novel Form of Nongenetic Inheritance?

FIG. 3. Evidence of genetic variation in plasticity. Different sibships varied in propensity to produce carnivores in response to the absence vs. presence of desiccated conspecifics. Similar-shaded boxes are siblings (i.e., similar genotypes; within each soil type, the four boxes refer to sibships 1–4 reading from left to right). Box plots show quintiles and median (middle horizontal line). Groups not connected by the same letter above the box plots are significantly different from each other (P, 0.05; Tukey HSD test).

opennotspecifiedMar 2020View details →

FIG. 1 in Dead Spadefoot Tadpoles Adaptively Modify Development in Future Generations: A Novel Form of Nongenetic Inheritance?

FIG. 1. Study system. Mexican Spadefoots, Spea multiplicata, breed in (A) ephemeral pools that (B) dry rapidly (this is the same pond as in panel 'A,' but nine days later). (C) Consequently, the tadpoles often desiccate before reaching metamorphosis. (D) To speed development, Spea tadpoles have evolved phenotypic plasticity to shift from an 'omnivore' morph (left) to a more rapidly developing 'carnivore' morph (right).

opennotspecifiedMar 2020View details →

FIG. 2 in Dead Spadefoot Tadpoles Adaptively Modify Development in Future Generations: A Novel Form of Nongenetic Inheritance?

FIG. 2. Effects of soil type on growth, development, and trophic morphology. Compared to their siblings reared in the absence of tadpole remains (control soil), by the end of the experiment, those reared in the presence of desiccated conspecifics (tadpole-remains soil) were: (A) larger, (B) more developmentally advanced, and (C) more carnivore-like in trophic morphology. Box plots show quintiles and median (middle horizontal line).

FIG. 3 in Predators Induce Morphological Changes in Tadpoles of Hyla andersonii

FIG. 3. Tadpole tail color (mean gray value) was significantly lower (¼darker tails) in predator treatments compared to non-predator controls (LMM: v2 ¼ 16.2, df ¼ 1, P 0.001). Sampling date had no, effect on tail color (v2 ¼ 2.34, df ¼ 2, P ¼ 0.31).

FIGURE 10 in A Redescription Of Anomaloglossus Praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), With Description Of Its Tadpole And Call

FIGURE 10: Vocalisation of Anomaloglossus praderioi. Expanded oscillogram of the first note in Fig. 8C-D showing strong amplitude modulation (top) and spectral slice of the same note (bottom). Temperature varied from 19.8-20°C.

FIGURE 4 in A Redescription Of Anomaloglossus Praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), With Description Of Its Tadpole And Call

FIGURE 4: Anomaloglossus praderioi, showing intrapopulation variation in dorsal and ventral colour in males in life. A: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14409, 21.1 mm SVL. A': Ventral view of the same specimen. B: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14410, 21.6 mm SVL. B': Ventral view of the same specimen. C: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14407, 20.5 mm SVL. C': Ventral view of the same specimen.

FIGURE 5 in A Redescription Of Anomaloglossus Praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), With Description Of Its Tadpole And Call

FIGURE 5: Comparison between Anomaloglossus praderioi and the sympatric, morphologically similar, A. kaiei. A: Dorsolateral view of a juvenile A. praderioi (IRSNB 14411, 15.0 mm SVL). A': Ventral view of the same specimen. B: Dorsolateral view of an adult male A. kaiei from the southeastern slope of Maringma Tepui at 1,060 m elevation (IRSNB 14417, 19.5 mm SVL). C: Dorsolateral view of a juvenile A. kaiei from the surrounding of Wayalayeng village, eastern base of Maringma Tepui at 678 m elevation (IRSNB 14418, 13.2 mm SVL). Arrows highlight presence/absence of dorsolateral line between tip of snout and eye, a character that readily distinguish between the species.

FIGURE 2 in A Redescription Of Anomaloglossus Praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), With Description Of Its Tadpole And Call

FIGURE 2: Anomaloglossus praderioi, showing ventral views of hand and foot. A: Left hand (left) and left foot (right) of a female specimen (IRSNB 14404, 22.7 mm SVL). B: Left hand (left) and left foot (right) of a male specimen (IRSNB 14403, 20.9 mm SVL). Black arrows highlight sexual dimorphism in preaxial third finger keeling, showing a slightly swollen third finger in male. Scale bars are 2 mm.

FIGURE 7 in A Redescription Of Anomaloglossus Praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), With Description Of Its Tadpole And Call

FIGURE 7: Tadpole of Anomaloglossus praderioi. A: Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of IRSNB 14415a, a stage-28 tadpole in preservative. Scale bar is 10 mm. B: Photomicrograph of the oral disc of IRSNB 14416b, a stage-39 tadpole (130x magnification), teeth row A-2 mostly hidden by A-1. C: Photomicrograph of labial teeth of the same specimen (13000x magnification).

FIGURE 3 in A Redescription Of Anomaloglossus Praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), With Description Of Its Tadpole And Call

FIGURE 3: Anomaloglossus praderioi, showing intrapopulation variation in colour in life and strong sexual throat and ventral dichromatism. A: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14403, male 20.9 mm SVL. B: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14404, female 22.7 mm SVL. C: Ventral views of male (left, IRSNB 14403) and female (right, IRSNB 14404). D: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14405, male 20.9 mm SVL. E: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14406, male 21.3 mm SVL. F: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14408, male 21.2 mm SVL.

FIGURE 11 in A Redescription Of Anomaloglossus Praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), With Description Of Its Tadpole And Call

FIGURE 11: Habitat of Anomaloglossus praderioi on the southeastern slope of Maringma Tepui, Guyana, at 1,370 m elevation.

FIGURE 9 in A Redescription Of Anomaloglossus Praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), With Description Of Its Tadpole And Call

FIGURE 9: Vocalisation of Anomaloglossus praderioi. Expanded oscillogram of the first note in Fig. 8A-B showing slight amplitude modulation (top) and spectral slice of the same note (bottom). Temperature varied from 19.8-20°C.

FIGURE 1 in A Redescription Of Anomaloglossus Praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), With Description Of Its Tadpole And Call

FIGURE 1: Map of the eastern Pantepui region showing the known distribution of Anomaloglossus praderioi: 1: Type locality, Venezuelan slope of Mt. Roraima; 2: Guyanan slope of Mt. Roraima; 3: Maringma Tepui, Guyana; 4: Sierra de Lema, Venezuela. Question marks indicate possible extension of distribution (see text for details). Maps elaborated after a radar image of South America by NASA/JPL/NIMA available at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa. gov/catalog/PIA03388.