Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
802
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
802 results for “urban data”
Data from: Candidate gene polymorphisms for behavioural adaptations during urbanization in blackbirds
Successful urban colonisation by formerly rural species represents an ideal situation in which to study adaptation to novel environments. We address this issue using candidate genes for behavioural traits that are expected to play a role in such colonisation events. We identified and genotyped 16 polymorphisms in candidate genes for circadian rhythms, harm avoidance, and migratory and exploratory behaviour in 12 paired urban and rural populations of the blackbird Turdus merula across the Western Palearctic. An exonic microsatellite in the SERT gene, a candidate gene for harm avoidance behaviour, exhibited a highly significant association with habitat type in an analysis conducted across all populations. Genetic divergence at this locus was consistent in 10 of the 12 population pairs; this contrasts with previously reported stochastic genetic divergence between these populations at random markers. Our results indicate that behavioural traits related to harm avoidance and associated with the SERT polymorphism experience selection pressures during most blackbird urbanization events. These events thus appear to be influenced by homogeneous adaptive processes in addition to previously reported demographic founder events.
Data from: Importance of latrine communication in European rabbits shifts along a rural–to–urban gradient
BACKGROUND: Information transfer in mammalian communication networks is often based on the deposition of excreta in latrines. Depending on the intended receiver(s), latrines are either formed at territorial boundaries (between-group communication) or in core areas of home ranges (within-group communication). The relative importance of both types of marking behavior should depend, amongst other factors, on population densities and social group sizes, which tend to differ between urban and rural wildlife populations. Our study is the first to assess (direct and indirect) anthropogenic influences on mammalian latrine-based communication networks along a rural-to-urban gradient in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) living in urban, suburban and rural areas in and around Frankfurt am Main (Germany). RESULTS: The proportion of latrines located in close proximity to the burrow was higher at rural study sites compared to urban and suburban ones. At rural sites, we found the largest latrines and highest latrine densities close to the burrow, suggesting that core marking prevailed. By contrast, latrine dimensions and densities increased with increasing distance from the burrow in urban and suburban populations, suggesting a higher importance of peripheral marking. CONCLUSIONS: Increased population densities, but smaller social group sizes in urban rabbit populations may lead to an increased importance of between-group communication and thus, favor peripheral over core marking. Our study provides novel insights into the manifold ways by which man-made habitat alterations along a rural-to-urban gradient directly and indirectly affect wildlife populations, including latrine-based communication networks.
Data from: Plant population success across urban ecosystems – a framework to inform biodiversity conservation in cities
1. In a rapidly urbanising world, the ability of plant species to survive and build self-sustaining populations in urban environments is increasingly important for biodiversity conservation. Yet the contribution of cities to biodiversity conservation remains unclear because ecologists have studied biodiversity patterns, largely without considering the population establishment of plants and the ways in which different kinds of urban ecosystems harbour native and endangered plant species. These limitations can mislead conservation policies for cities. 2. To better-understand how urban ecosystems can contribute to biodiversity conservation, we propose a framework that links the population status (casual or established) of plant species with ecosystem novelty and highlights barriers to population establishment in different types of urban ecosystems, from natural remnants to novel ecosystems. 3. To quantify the relative importance of natural remnants vs. human-shaped ecosystems for the conservation of self-sustaining urban plant populations we re-analyse a unique dataset from a metropolitan region in Europe with information on the population status of 1199 plant species. 4. Results demonstrate that urban ecosystems harbour many established native and endangered species although a considerable share (37%) of species of conservation concern are confined to natural remnants. In hybrid and immature novel ecosystems, high species numbers reflect many species with only casual populations. The role of novel ecosystems as habitats for native and endangered plant species increases as novel ecosystems mature. 5. Synthesis and applications. General information about plant species richness in urban environments may mislead conservation policies as different kinds of urban ecosystems can play different roles in harbouring species of conservation concern. Moreover, presence-absence data can mask establishment failures of species. This proposed framework helps to distinguish between casual and established populations of plant species, and highlights barriers to population persistence in urban ecosystems; reflecting different land uses and land use histories over time. Revealing the role of natural remnants vs. hybrid vs. novel ecosystems as habitats for species of conservation concern illustrates opportunities for biodiversity conservation in all urban ecosystems and can support setting priorities for conservation.
Data from: Variation in age, body size, and reproductive traits among urban and rural amphibian populations
Although amphibians use human-created habitats in urban landscapes, few studies have investigated the quality of these habitats. To assess habitat quality of stormwater management ponds and adjacent urban uplands forwood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and American toads (Anaxyrus americanus), we compared life history characteristics between populations breeding across an urbanization gradient. Specifically, we compared body size, ages of breeding adults, and female reproductive investment among urban, suburban, and rural populations in Baltimore County, Maryland, USA. Although there was variation in age at maturity among populations, ages of breeding adults did not differ among urban, suburban, and rural areas. Maternal body size strongly influenced reproductive investment in both species, but relationships did not vary among urban, suburban, and rural populations. Adult wood frogs and American toads from more urbanized landscapes were significantly smaller at age than conspecifics from rural landscapes; the magnitude of differences was similar across adult age classes. Our results suggest that in the urban and rural landscapes that we studied, adult habitats are similar in quality, but either larval or juvenile habitats may be of lower quality in urban areas.
Data from: Urbanized landscapes favored by fig-eating birds increase invasive but not native juvenile strangler fig abundance
Propagule pressure can determine the success or failure of invasive plant range expansion. Range expansion takes place at large spatial scales, often encompassing many types of land cover, yet the effect of landscape context on propagule pressure remains largely unknown. Many studies have reported a positive correlation between invasive plant abundance and human land use; increased propagule pressure in these landscapes may be responsible for this correlation. We tested the hypothesis that increased rates of seed dispersal by fig-eating birds, which are more common in urban habitats, result in an increase in invasive strangler fig abundance in landscapes dominated by human land use. We quantified abundance of an invasive species (Ficus microcarpa) and a native species (F. aurea) of strangler fig in plots spanning the entire range of human land use in South Florida, USA, from urban parking lots to native forest. We then compared models that predicted juvenile fig abundance based on distance to adult fig seed sources and fig-eating bird habitat quality with models that lacked one or both of these terms. The best model for juvenile invasive fig abundance included both distance to adult and fig-eating bird habitat terms, suggesting that landscape effects on invasive fig abundance are mediated by seed-dispersing birds. In contrast, the best model for juvenile native fig abundance included only presence/absence of adults, suggesting that distance from individual adult trees may have less effect on seed limitation for a native species compared to an invasive species undergoing range expansion. However, models for both species included significant effects of adult seed sources, implying that juvenile abundance is limited by seed arrival. This result was corroborated by a seed addition experiment that indicated that both native and invasive strangler figs were strongly seed limited. Understanding how landscape context affects the mechanisms of plant invasion may lead to better management techniques. Our results suggest that prioritizing removal of adult trees in sites with high fig-eating bird habitat may be the most effective method to control F. microcarpa abundance.
Figure 3. from Inventory of the Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, a highly urbanized area in Japan - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4981 (24 April 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4981
Figure 3. - An example of a campus sampling point, indicating as "pic1" in Fig. 2.
Figure 6. from Inventory of the Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, a highly urbanized area in Japan - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4981 (24 April 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4981
Figure 6. - An example of a campus sampling point, indicating as "pic4" in Fig. 2.
Figure 5. from Inventory of the Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, a highly urbanized area in Japan - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4981 (24 April 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4981
Figure 5. - An example of a campus sampling point, indicating as "pic3" in Fig. 2.
Figure 4. from Inventory of the Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, a highly urbanized area in Japan - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4981 (24 April 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4981
Figure 4. - An example of a campus sampling point, indicating as "pic2" in Fig. 2.
Figure 1. from Inventory of the Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, a highly urbanized area in Japan - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4981 (24 April 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4981
Figure 1. - Locations of the Komaba Campus and six reference sites in Tokyo, Japan.
CFD Modeling Results and Related Data and Codes for Plotting of "A Mesoscale-to-LES Modeling of Tornado-like Vortex and Associated Local Strong Winds in Urban Area"
<p>The CFD modeling outputs, derived maximum wind fields in the analysis area, the topography data, the Python codes used to produce the figures, as we as the namelist of WRF simulation are available. The CFD modeling outputs are in binary format. The ctl. files of corresponding binary data (or dataset if ordered chronologically) are available in each directory (named after each experiment in our study).</p>
Data from: Adaptive trait divergence of annual plants in response to urban habitat diversity in a megacity
<p>Data from the common garden experiment, field environmental factors, and data for Qst-Fst comparisons.</p>
Data from: Bee species richness through time in an urbanizing landscape of the southeastern USA
<p>Authors: Selina A. Ruzi, Elsa Youngsteadt, April Hamblin Cherveny, Jessica Kettenbach, Hannah K. Levenson, Danesha Seth Carley, Jaime A. Collazo, and Rebecca E. Irwin</p><p>*Corresponding author: Selina A. Ruzi, <a href="mailto:sruzi24@gmail.com">sruzi24@gmail.com</a></p><p>Abstract: Compared to non-urban environments, cities host ecological communities with altered taxonomic diversity and functional trait composition. However, we know little about how these urban changes take shape over time. Using historical bee (Apoidea: Anthophila) museum specimens supplemented with online repositories and researcher collections, we investigated whether bee species richness tracked urban and human population growth over the past 118 years. We also determined which species were no longer collected, whether those species shared certain traits, and if collector behavior changed over time. We focused on Wake County, North Carolina, USA where human population size has increased over 16 times over the last century along with the urban area within its largest city, Raleigh, which has increased over four times. We estimated bee species richness with occupancy models, and rarefaction and extrapolation curves to account for imperfect detection and sample coverage. To determine if bee traits correlated with when species were collected, we compiled information on native status, nesting habits, diet breadth, and sociality. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling to determine if individual collectors contributed different bee assemblages over time. In total, there were 328 species collected in Wake County. We found that although bee species richness varied, there was no clear trend in bee species richness over time. However, recent collections (since 2003) were missing 195 species, and there was a shift in trait composition, particularly lost species were below-ground nesters. The top collectors in the dataset differed in how often they collected bee species, but this was not consistent between historic and contemporary time periods; some contemporary collectors grouped closer together than others, potentially due to focusing on urban habitats. Use of historical collections and complimentary analyses can fill knowledge gaps to help understand temporal patterns of species richness in taxonomic groups that may not have planned long-term data.</p><p> </p><p>Usage notes: To access the R project, please go to https://github.com/sruzi24/Ruzi_etal_temporal_bee_richness</p>
Survey, waiver, and data evaluating human-nature connection in urban parks
<p>Human-nature connection (HNC) is a concept derived from investigating the formulation and extent of an individual's identification with the natural world. This relationship is often characterized as an emotional bond to nature that develops from the contextualized, physical interactions of an individual, beginning in childhood. This outcome presents complexity in evaluating the development of HNC but suggests optimism in the pathways for enhancing lifelong HNC.</p> <p>As urban populations increase, there is a growing recognition worldwide of the potential for urban green space to cultivate HNC and thus shape the environmental identity of urban residents.</p> <p>The results of an online survey of 560 visitors to three community parks (managed primarily to provide a variety of physical, social and cultural opportunities) and three conservation parks (managed primarily to protect native plants and wildlife) in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, were used to investigate HNC.</p> <p>Linear mixed effects models evaluated visitors' HNC as a function of their (1) literacy and sentiment about wildlife species, (2) park experience, (3) number and frequency of nine childhood and adult recreation experiences, and (4) demographics.</p> <p>Across the park response groups, the number and frequency of childhood and adult recreation experiences was significantly associated with HNC, and this positive association persisted in multiple recreation activities. Furthermore, species literacy and sentiment, visiting a park for 'Nature', and frequent and extended visitation also was significantly associated with HNC by park type.</p> <p>Our research demonstrates the importance of lifelong recreation experiences in the development and enhancement of HNC and provides evidence for differences in the expression of HNC associated with particular attributes of urban park visitors and their views of wildlife.</p>
Popek, R., Roy, A., Mandal, M., et al. (2024) Enhancing Urban Sustainability: How Spatial and Height Var-iability of Roadside Plants Improves Pollution Capture for Greener Cities - DATA
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Survey data of a first feasibility study to foster urban residents' resonances with nature through rituals
<p>In this dataset, we provide raw and processed data, study material and documentation of our feasibility study aiming to foster urban residents’ resonances with nature through rituals in a five-week-long panel study. The case study was conducted in Dresden from August 30 till October 8 2023.</p> <p>In order to facilitate the realization of the study design by other institutions or private actors, the dataset includes first a postcard in pptx-format to promote the study and from which further promotion material can be created. We provide the audio manuals that were used for the implementation of the rituals for both the ritual and control group. Furthermore, we offer an evaluation framework for assessing socio-demographic data, changes throughout the different resonance dimensions (openness, value of <em>Unverfügbarkeit</em>, affect, response, transformation), effects on related aspects such as health or sense of social connectedness, the ecological footprint and possible open questions to assess and evaluate the feasibility study. To round it off, we provide raw survey data as well as preprocessed and analyzed data including results and data records of the intermediate steps of the analyzation conducted with IBM SPSS 28.</p> <h2>List of data, material and content (*.zip):</h2> <ul> <li>Promoting postcard (*.pptx) (artwork: IOER media)</li> <li>Audio manual for ritual group (*.pdf)</li> <li>Audio manual for control group (*.pdf)</li> <li>Subsequent record of the introductory meeting (*.mp4)</li> <li>Survey results for the final sample (*.xlsx)</li> <li>Upload of qualitative data by participant (*.jpg)</li> <li>Results of the statistical analyses (U-tests) to detect group-specific differences (e. g. level of openness, nature relatedness, mindful self-compassion) for the index variables; the tests were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 28 (*.xls)</li> <li>Results of the statistical analyses (U-tests) to detect group-specific differences regarding the ecological carbon footprint; the tests were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 28 (*.xls)</li> </ul> <p>For the revised version, we added: </p> <ul> <li>Informed consent declaration to participate and publish (*.pdf)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Note: All documents are accessible with open source software.</p> <h2>Data acquisition and processing</h2> <p>The methods are described in the accompanying research paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43621-025-01399-z.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Acknowledgments</h2> <p>The authors thank their student assistant Amanda Sydow for the support in editing the survey data as well as all participants for their intensive involvement in the feasibility study.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <h2>Notes</h2> <p>This dataset belongs to the following research paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43621-025-01399-z.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Urbanization affects oak–pathogen interactions across spatial scales
<p>The world is rapidly urbanizing, thereby transforming natural landscapes and changing the abundance and distribution of organisms. However, insights into the effects of urbanization on species interactions, and plant-pathogen interactions in particular, are lacking. We investigated the effects of urbanization on powdery mildew infection on <i>Quercus robur</i> at continental and within-city scales. At the continental scale, we compared infection levels between urban and rural areas of different-sized cities in Europe, and investigated whether plant traits, climatic variables and CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions mediated the effect of urbanization on infection levels. Within one large city (Stockholm, Sweden), we further explored whether local habitat features and spatial connectivity influenced infection levels during multiple years. At the continental scale, infection severity was consistently higher on trees in urban than rural areas, with some indication that temperature mediated this effect. Within Stockholm city, temperature had no effect, while local accumulation of leaf litter negatively affected powdery mildew incidence in one out of three years, and more connected trees had lower infection levels. This study is the first to describe the effects of urbanization on plant-pathogen interactions both within and among cities, and to uncover the potential mechanisms behind the observed patterns at each scale.</p>
Data from the article "Modulation of wintertime canopy Urban Heat Island (CUHI) intensity in Beijing by synoptic weather pattern in planetary boundary layer"
<p>The link includes four datasets, "pcttype" is weather typing data, "pblh" is PBLH data, "uhii-UV" is the mean value of CUHII and wind direction UV of all urban stations, and "uhii-sws" is the value of CUHII, wind speed and wind direction of all urban stations.</p>
Data for: Impacts of urbanization on chloride and stream invertebrates: a 10-year citizen science field study of road salt in stormwater runoff
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The use of deicing agents during the winter months is one of many stressors that impact stream ecosystems in urban and urbanizing watersheds. In this study, a long-term dataset collected by citizen scientists with the Missouri Stream Team was used to evaluate the relationships between watershed urbanization metrics and chloride metrics. Further, these data were used to explore effects of elevated chloride concentrations on stream invertebrate communities using quantile regression. While the amount of road surface in a watershed was a dominant factor in predicting the maximum chloride measurement, the median chloride concentration was also strongly related to the amount of medium-to-high density development in the watershed, suggesting that non-municipal salt use is an important contributor to increases in baseflow chloride concentrations. Additionally, chloride concentration appears to be one of the many factors that impact invertebrate density and diversity measurements, with decreases in invertebrate diversity corresponding with the U.S. EPA water quality criteria. Our findings suggest that the use of chloride-based road salt on municipal roads as well as in non-municipal settings is contributing to a loss of diversity and density of aquatic invertebrate communities in urban regions.</p>
Data on monitoring the formation of chemical cocktails in urban streams in response to Freshwater Salinization Syndrome
<p>Data include the concentration of base cations and nutrients over time and over space in urban streams near the University of Maryland campus in College Park, Maryland, USA. Data were collected longitudinally along streams and over 24-hour time periods. Data on the retention and release of base cations and trace elements were also collected through incubation experiments. </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.