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Supplementary material 1 from: Landvik M, Miraldo A, Niemelä P, Valainis U, Cibuļskis R, Roslin T (2017) Evidence for geographic substructuring of mtDNA variation in the East European Hermit beetle (Osmoderma barnabita). In: Campanaro A, Hardersen S, Sabbatini Peverieri G, Carpaneto GM (Eds) Monitoring of saproxylic beetles and other insects protected in the European Union. Nature Conservation 19: 171-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.19.12877

Details of the Osmoderma barnabita specimens included in the data set : Data type: specimens data

Supplementary material 1 from: Campanaro A, Redolfi De Zan L, Hardersen S, Antonini G, Chiari S, Cini A, Mancini E, Mosconi F, Rossi de Gasperis S, Solano E, Bologna MA, Sabbatini Peverieri G (2017) Guidelines for the monitoring of Rosalia alpina. In: Carpaneto GM, Audisio P, Bologna MA, Roversi PF, Mason F (Eds) Guidelines for the Monitoring of the Saproxylic Beetles protected in Europe. Nature Conservation 20: 165-203. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.20.12728

Monitoring of Rosalia alpina – field sheet : Data type: Field sheet

Supplementary material 2 from: Romiti F, Redolfi De Zan L, Rossi de Gasperis S, Tini M, Scaccini D, Anaclerio M, Carpaneto G (2017) Latitudinal cline in weapon allometry and phenology of the European stag beetle. In: Campanaro A, Hardersen S, Sabbatini Peverieri G, Carpaneto GM (Eds) Monitoring of saproxylic beetles and other insects protected in the European Union. Nature Conservation 19: 57-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.19.12681

Monthly total precipitations and temperatures : Data type: еnvironment data

Supplementary material 2 from: Hardersen S, Bardiani M, Chiari S, Maura M, Maurizi E, Roversi PF, Mason F, Bologna MA (2017) Guidelines for the monitoring of Morimus asper funereus and Morimus asper asper. In: Carpaneto GM, Audisio P, Bologna MA, Roversi PF, Mason F (Eds) Guidelines for the Monitoring of the Saproxylic Beetles protected in Europe. Nature Conservation 20: 205-236. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.20.12676

Field-sheet Morimus asper :

Supplementary material 2 from: Maurizi E, Campanaro A, Chiari S, Maura M, Mosconi F, Sabatelli S, Zauli A, Audisio P, Carpaneto GM (2017) Guidelines for the monitoring of Osmoderma eremita and closely related species. In: Carpaneto GM, Audisio P, Bologna MA, Roversi PF, Mason F (Eds) Guidelines for the Monitoring of the Saproxylic Beetles protected in Europe. Nature Conservation 20: 79-128. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.20.12658

Field sheet to fill during each survey and its legend :

Supplementary material 1 from: Hardersen S, Bardiani M, Chiari S, Maura M, Maurizi E, Roversi PF, Mason F, Bologna MA (2017) Guidelines for the monitoring of Morimus asper funereus and Morimus asper asper. In: Carpaneto GM, Audisio P, Bologna MA, Roversi PF, Mason F (Eds) Guidelines for the Monitoring of the Saproxylic Beetles protected in Europe. Nature Conservation 20: 205-236. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.20.12676

Excel sheet, Volume of log piles :

Supplementary material 1 from: Della Rocca F, Bogliani G, Milanesi P (2017) Patterns of distribution and landscape connectivity of the stag beetle in a human-dominated landscape. In: Campanaro A, Hardersen S, Sabbatini Peverieri G, Carpaneto GM (Eds) Monitoring of saproxylic beetles and other insects protected in the European Union. Nature Conservation 19: 19-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.19.12457

Additional information :

Supplementary material 1 from: Thomaes A, Verschelde P, Mader D, Sprecher-Uebersax E, Fremlin M, Onkelinx T, Méndez M (2017) Can we successfully monitor a population density decline of elusive invertebrates? A statistical power analysis on Lucanus cervus. In: Campanaro A, Hardersen S, Sabbatini Peverieri G, Carpaneto GМ (Eds) Monitoring of saproxylic beetles and other insects protected in the European Union. Nature Conservation 19: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.19.11761

Figures of statistical support : Data type: statistical data

Supplementary material 2 from: Kadej M, Zając K, Smolis A, Tarnawski D, Tyszecka K, Malkiewicz A, Pietraszko M, Warchałowski M, Gil R (2017) The great capricorn beetle Cerambyx cerdo L. in south-western Poland – the current state and perspectives of conservation in one of the recent distribution centres in Central Europe. In: Campanaro A, Hardersen S, Sabbatini Peverieri G, Carpaneto GM (Eds) Monitoring of saproxylic beetles and other insects protected in the European Union. Nature Conservation 19: 111-134. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.19.11838

Distribution data of Cerambyx cerdo : Data type: occurence

Fig 9 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 9 - The effect of the time of clumping of Locusta migratoria separated eggs on the hatching time. The differences in mean hatching times between eggs clumped and those kept with distance from one another (controls) are plotted against the time of egg clumping gauged based on the mean hatching time for the control eggs (A). SDs of the mean hatching times for the clumped eggs (closed circles) and control eggs (open circles) are similarly plotted in (B). Each datum point is based on 17–20 eggs.

Fig 8 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 8 - The effect of the time of separation of paired Locusta migratoria eggs on the hatching time. The differences in mean hatching times between eggs separated and those kept in contact with each other (controls) are plotted against the time of egg separation gauged based on the mean hatching time for the control eggs (A). Comparison of SDs of the mean hatching times (B) and the intervals of hatching in each pair (C) for the eggs separated (open circles) and the control eggs (closed circles). Each datum point is based on 14–24 eggs.

Fig 5 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 5 - The intervals from the beginning to end of hatching periods for Locusta migratoria eggs incubated in different mass sizes from day 10 onward. The data are based on the experiment described in Fig. 4. No significant difference was observed in the means among the treatments (p > 0.05; Steel-Dwass test).

Fig 6 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 6 - The hatching times for Locusta migratoria eggs incubated in different mass sizes. In each pair of comparisons, the mean time of hatching for the eggs in the larger mass was designated as 0 h (A–D). The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of hatched eggs. Bars indicate one SD. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between the two treatments (p < 0.05; t-test). Differences in hatching time in different masses are shown in (E) by designating the mean hatching time for singly kept eggs as 0 h. Horizontal bars indicate one SD.

Fig 4 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 4 - The effect of egg mass sizes on the ranges of hatching times of Locusta migratoria eggs. The frequency distributions of hatching times plotted as deviations from the mean (designated as 0 h) for each egg pod tested. The data for the egg pods are the same as those given in Fig. 1B. SDs are shown. The numbers in parentheses indicate the numbers of hatched eggs and pods used.

Fig 3 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 3 - The effect of egg separation on embryogenesis in Locusta migratoria at 30°C. The times (mean ± SD) required to hatch for Locusta migratoria eggs kept as a mass (closed bars) or as separated eggs (open bars) at 30°C. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between the 2 treatments at the 5% level with a t-test. Error bars indicate SD. n = 13–20 each.

Fig 2 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 2 - The effects of egg separation on hatching patterns of Locusta migratoria eggs. The frequency distribution of hatching times for eggs kept in the pods (A) or in masses of 20 eggs (C) and those kept as separated eggs (B, D) when the mean hatching time was assumed to be 0 h. The relative times of hatching for the eggs kept in the pods (E) or in masses of 20 eggs (F) and those kept as separated eggs when the mean value for the former eggs was designated as 0 h. The number of hatched eggs followed by the number of tested pods in parentheses is given in each panel. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between the two treatments (p < 0.05; t-test).

Fig 7 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 7 - The effect of the time of separation of Locusta migratoria eggs on the hatching time. The differences in mean hatching times between eggs separated and those kept in contact with each other (controls) are plotted against the time of egg separation gauged based on the mean hatching time for the control eggs (A). SDs of the mean hatching times are plotted against the time of egg separation gauged based on the mean hatching time for the control eggs kept in masses (B). Open and closed circles indicate eggs separated and those kept in masses, respectively. Each datum point is based on 16–20 eggs.

Fig 14 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 14 - The effects of pairing of Locusta migratoria eggs at different ages on hatching time. A. The mean hatching intervals between the first and second hatching eggs of the mixed pairs are plotted against the differences in mean hatching time between the younger and older controls in which two eggs were kept singly. B. The differences in hatching time between the first hatching eggs of the mixed pairs and older control eggs (from early-produced pods) are plotted against the difference in hatching time between the two control eggs. C. The differences in hatching time between the second hatching eggs of the mixed pairs and younger control eggs (from late-produced pods) are plotted against the difference in hatching time between the two controls. The diagrams on the top show combinations of eggs from older eggs (gray) and younger eggs (white). A total of 38 pairs of pods were used. Closed circles in (B) and (C) indicate the means significantly different from the controls (p < 0.05; Tukey's multiple test).

Fig 11 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 11 - Hatching patterns of Locusta migratoria eggs derived from different pods and those from the same pods. As indicated above each triplet, the difference in the mean hatching times of the 2 pods (top and bottom panels) ranged from 3.6 to 80 h (A–D). In the mixed pairs (middle panel), the first and second hatchings are shown in black and light-colored bars. Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences in mean values at the 5% level with Tukey's multiple test. The diagrams on the right of the figure show combinations of eggs from two pods expressed as white and black eggs, respectively.

Fig 10 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 10 - The effect of the time of pairing of Locusta migratoria separated eggs on the time of hatching. The differences in hatching time between the paired eggs and control eggs kept as separated eggs are plotted against the time of egg clumping gauged based on the mean hatching time for the control eggs (A). Comparison of SDs of the mean hatching times (B) and the intervals of hatching in each pair (C) for the clumped eggs (closed circles) and the control eggs (open circles). Each datum point is based on 18–24 eggs.