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FIG 5 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae

FIG 5. Alcidodes humeralis. Dorsal, showing measurements taken. HWÐhumeral width; PWÐpronotal width; LÐlength; EL Ðelytral length (cf. ®gure 6).

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FIGS 3 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae

FIGS 3±4. Alcidodes humeralis, abdomen, dorsal: (3) male; (4) female. Key: t6Ðtergite 6; t7Ðtergite 7; t8 Ðtergite 8; wÐwing-binding patch.

Figure 9 in Postcranial skeletal development of Mugil cephalus (Teleostei: Mugiliformes): morphological and life-history implications for Mugiliformes

Figure 9. Schematic depictions of the squamation development of Mugil cephalus. A, L6: 7.2 mm standard length (SL), 25 days post-hatching (dph). B, L6: 7.4 mm SL, 25 dph. C, J1: 9.5 mm SL, 31 dph. D, J1: 9.6 mm SL, 31 dph. E, J2: 9.8 mm SL, 40 dph. White, no scales; light grey, area of newly developed scales; dark grey, area of differentiated scales.

Figure 7 in Postcranial skeletal development of Mugil cephalus (Teleostei: Mugiliformes): morphological and life-history implications for Mugiliformes

Figure 7. Drawings of development stages of the pelvic girdle in Mugil cephalus larvae. A, L5: 5.2 mm standard length (SL; DMM IE/16314). B, L6: 7.2 mm SL, 25 dph, C, L6: 7.4 mm SL, 25 dph. D, L6: 8.6 mm SL (DMM IE/16314). Blue, cartilage; pink, bone; light pink, membranous bone. Abbreviations: abp, anterior basipterygial process; ba, basipterygial arm; bp, basipterygial plate; ew, external wing; iw, internal wing; pbp, posterior basipterygial plate; pcv, ventral postcleithrum. Scale bars: 200 µm.

Figure 5 in Postcranial skeletal development of Mugil cephalus (Teleostei: Mugiliformes): morphological and life-history implications for Mugiliformes

Figure 5. Drawings of development stages of the caudal fin in Mugil cephalus larvae. A, L2: 3.2 mm notochord length (NL), 14 days post-hatching (dph). B, L3: 3.9 mm standard length (SL), 15 dph. C, L4: 4.4 mm SL, 19 dph. D, L4: 4.5 mm SL, 21 dph. E, L4: 4.6 mm SL, 19 dph. F, L5: 5.3 mm SL, 19 dph. G, L6: 7.2 mm SL, 25 dph. H, L6: 6.5 mm SL, 31 dph. Blue, cartilage; pink, bone; transparent pink, ossifying cartilage; light grey, notochord. Abbreviations: ahs, autogenous haemal spine; ans, autogenous neural spine; cc, compound centrum; eu, epural; hyp, hypural; ihc, interhaemal spine cartilage; lhp, lower hypural plate; ph, parhypural; uc, ural centrum; uhp, upper hypural plate; ur, uroneural. Scale bars: 200 µm.

Figure 3 in Postcranial skeletal development of Mugil cephalus (Teleostei: Mugiliformes): morphological and life-history implications for Mugiliformes

Figure 3. Schematic illustration of the development of the axial skeleton (lateral view) of Mugil cephalus. A, L1: 3.1 mm notochord length (NL), 10 days post-hatching (dph). B, L2: 3.2 mm NL, 14 dph. C, L3: 3.7 mm NL, 14 dph. D, L3: 3.6 mm NL, 18 dph. E, L4: 4.4 mm standard length (SL), 19 dph. F, L6: 7.2 mm SL, 25 dph. Blue, cartilage; pink, bone; light grey, notochord. Abbreviations: af, anal fin; ahs, autogenous haemal spine; ans, autogenous neural spine; ap, anal fin pterygiophore; cc, compound centrum; d1p, first dorsal pterygiophore; d2p, second dorsal pterygiophore; df2, second dorsal fin; ep, epipleural; eu, epural; ha, haemal arch; hyp, hypural; ip, interdorsal pterygiophore; na, neural arch; pa, parapophysis; ph, parhypural; ri, rib; sn, supraneural; uc, ural centrum; ur, uroneural; vc, vertebral column.

Figure 2 in Postcranial skeletal development of Mugil cephalus (Teleostei: Mugiliformes): morphological and life-history implications for Mugiliformes

Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the sequence of first appearance and development of skeletal elements in Mugil cephalus. Ossification of cartilaginous precursors is shown by the first appearance of bone. The end of the bar indicates the end of isometric growth of the respective structure. Length is shown as notochord length (*) or as standard length (specimen after notochord flexion). Dots indicate hatching, and random dashed lines indicate notochord flexion. Light grey bars, cartilage; dark grey bars, notochordal sheath; black bars, bone. Abbreviations: abdo, abdominal vertebrae; abp, anterior basipterygial process; af, anal fin rays; ap, anal fin pterygiophores; ba, basipterygial arm; bp, basipterygial plate; caud, caudal vertebrae; cl, cleithrum; co, coracoid; d1f, first dorsal fin rays; d1p, first dorsal fin pterygiophores; d2f, second dorsal fin rays; d2p, second dorsal fin pterygiophores; dr, distal radials; eu, epural; ew, external wing; fr, fin rays; ha, haemal arch; hs, haemal spine; hyp, hypural; ip, interdorsal pterygiophores; iw, internal wing; na, neural arch; ns, neural spine; pbp, posterior basipterygial process; pcd, dorsal postcleithrum; pcv, ventral postcleithrum; ph, parhypural; pr, proximal radial; ptm, posttemporal; ri, paired ribs; sc, scapula; su, supracleithrum; uc, ural centrum; ur, uroneural; vc, vertebral centrum.

FIG. 1 in Development of external sexual characters in the deep-sea sponge-associated shrimp Spongicola japonica Kubo (Crustacea: Decapoda: Spongicolidae)

FIG. 1. Spongicola japonica Kubo. (A) Ventral view of the posterior thoracic segments of male (5.2 mm CL), (B) same of female (5.7 mm CL), (C) merus of pereopod 3 of male (7.1 mm CL), (D) same of female (7.6 mm CL).

FIG. 7 in Development of external sexual characters in the deep-sea sponge-associated shrimp Spongicola japonica Kubo (Crustacea: Decapoda: Spongicolidae)

FIG. 7. Relative growth of AW against CL in Spongicola japonica Kubo. Triangles, open circles and closed circles indicate males, non-ovigerous and ovigerous females, respectively.

FIG. 6 in Development of external sexual characters in the deep-sea sponge-associated shrimp Spongicola japonica Kubo (Crustacea: Decapoda: Spongicolidae)

FIG. 6. Spongicola japonica Kubo. (A) Lateral view of abdomen of non-ovigerous female (5.1 mm CL), (B) same of non-ovigerous female (5.7 mm CL), (C) same of nonovigerous female (5.7 mm CL), (D) same of ovigerous female (6.8 mm CL), (E) same of male (6.3 mm CL).

FIG. 4 in Development of external sexual characters in the deep-sea sponge-associated shrimp Spongicola japonica Kubo (Crustacea: Decapoda: Spongicolidae)

FIG. 4. Spongicola japonica Kubo. (A) Frontal view of left pleopod 1 of non-ovigerous female (5.1 mm CL), (B) same of non-ovigerous female (5.7 mm CL), (C) same of non-ovigerous female (5.7 mm CL), (D) same of ovigerous female (6.8 mm CL), (E) same of male (6.3 mm CL).

FIG. 3 in Development of external sexual characters in the deep-sea sponge-associated shrimp Spongicola japonica Kubo (Crustacea: Decapoda: Spongicolidae)

FIG. 3. Relative growth in CHL of pereopod 3 against CL in Spongicola japonica Kubo. Triangles, open circles and closed circles indicate males, non-ovigerous and ovigerous females, respectively.

FIG. 2 in Development of external sexual characters in the deep-sea sponge-associated shrimp Spongicola japonica Kubo (Crustacea: Decapoda: Spongicolidae)

FIG. 2. Size relationship between males and females in CL and CHL of sexual pairs. A female and male are equal size at the line. Triangles and circles indicate CHL and CL.

Figure 4 in Development and evolution of regionalization within the avian axial column

Figure 4. Images and associated schematic diagrams of cleared and stained axial skeletons of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos from developmental stages 34 to 36. A, stage 34 (day 8 of incubation) right lateral view. B, stage 34 right lateral schematic. C, stage 34 posterior schematic. D, stage 35 (days 8–9 of incubation) right lateral view. E, stage 35 right lateral schematic. F, stage 35 posterior schematic. G, stage 36 (day 10 of incubation) right lateral view. H, stage 35 right lateral schematic. I, stage 35 posterior schematic. Blue is cartilage and dark purple represents ossified tissue within the images. Light grey is cartilage and black represents ossified tissue in the diagrams. Scale bar, 1 cm.

Figure 7 in Development and evolution of regionalization within the avian axial column

Figure 7. Images and associated schematic diagrams of cleared and stained axial skeletons of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos from developmental stages 43 to 45. A, stage 43 (day 17 of incubation) right lateral view. B, stage 43 right lateral schematic. C, stage 43 posterior schematic. D, stage 44 (day 18 of incubation) right lateral view. E, stage 44 right lateral schematic. F, stage 44 posterior schematic. G, stage 45 (day 19–20 of incubation) right lateral view. H, stage 45 right lateral schematic. I, stage 45 posterior schematic. Blue is cartilage and dark purple represents ossified tissue. Light grey is cartilage and black represents ossified tissue in the diagrams. Scale bar, 1 cm.

Figure 8 in Development and evolution of regionalization within the avian axial column

Figure 8. Schematic of ossification and fusion sequence of the developing chicken axial column. Shading indicates degree of ossification of all scored anatomies within each vertebral segment, given in Supporting Information, Table S1. Fusions between adjacent vertebrae are indicated with black outlines. Note that the lumbosacrals begin fusions from two regions that remain separate until stage 42.

Figure 2 in Development and evolution of regionalization within the avian axial column

Figure 2. Images and associated schematic diagrams of cleared and stained axial skeletons of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos from developmental stages 28 to 30. A, stage 28 (day 5½ of incubation) right lateral view. B, stage 28 right lateral schematic. C, stage 28 posterior schematic. D, stage 29 (day 6 of incubation) right lateral view. E, stage 29 right lateral schematic. F, stage 29 posterior schematic. G, stage 30 (day 6½ of incubation) right lateral view. H, stage 30 right lateral schematic. I, stage 30 posterior schematic. Blue is cartilage and dark purple represents ossified tissue within the images. Light grey is cartilage and black represents ossified tissue within the diagrams. Scale bar, 1 cm.

Figure 1 in Development and evolution of regionalization within the avian axial column

Figure 1. Simplified vertebrate phylogeny with selected published Hox expression boundaries within the somitic mesoderm. Axial skeletons are drawn in dorsal view, except for zebrafish drawn in left lateral view. Anterior–posterior Hox expression boundaries are represented by coloured bars. Fusions within the axial column are represented by black shading. Zebrafish expression patterns are reported by Morin-Kensicki et al. (2002), whiptail lizard by Woltering et al. (2009), alligator by Mansfield & Abzhanov (2010) and chicken and mouse by Burke et al. (1995).

Figure 5 in Development and evolution of regionalization within the avian axial column

Figure 5. Images and associated schematic diagrams of cleared and stained axial skeletons of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos from developmental stages 37 to 39. A, stage 37 (day 11 of incubation) right lateral view. B, stage 37 right lateral schematic. C, stage 37 posterior schematic. D, stage 38 (day 12 of incubation) right lateral view. E, stage 38 right lateral schematic. F, stage 38 posterior schematic. G, stage 39 (day 13 of incubation) right lateral view. H, stage 39 right lateral schematic. I, stage 39 posterior schematic. Blue is cartilage and dark purple represents ossified tissue. Light grey is cartilage and black represents ossified tissue in the diagrams. Scale bar, 1 cm.