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Figures 19–22. Tricondyla macrodera abruptesculpta Horn, 1925 in Chinese species of the genus Tricondyla Latreille, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) and a new record for the country

Figures 19–22. Tricondyla macrodera abruptesculpta Horn, 1925, scale = 5 mm. 19) Dorsal view, male. 20) Left lateral view, male. 21) Dorsal view, female. 22) Left lateral view, female.

Figures 15–18. Tricondyla gestroi scabra Fleutiaux, 1920 in Chinese species of the genus Tricondyla Latreille, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) and a new record for the country

Figures 15–18. Tricondyla gestroi scabra Fleutiaux, 1920, scale = 5 mm. 15) Dorsal view, male. 16) Left lateral view, male. 17) Dorsal view, female. 18) Left lateral view, female.

Figures 5–9 in Biology of the sineguelas leaf beetle, Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L.) (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), on Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) in the Philippines

Figures 5–9. Beetle damage to sineguelas tree in the Philippines. 5) Defoliation from herbivory of adult and larvae. 6) Adult eat the entire leaf. 7) Herbivory on fruit by the larva. 8) Herbivory on fruit by an adult. 9) Adult oviposits on fruits. (Photographs courtesy of SLB project).

Figures 19–22 in Biology of the sineguelas leaf beetle, Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L.) (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), on Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) in the Philippines

Figures 19–22. Larvae and their feeding damage of sineguelas leaf beetle (Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L., 1767) on sineguelas (Spondias purpurea L.). 19) Instar II larvae. 20) Instar II larvae. 21) Instar II larvae. 22) Instar III larvae. (Photographs courtesy of SLB project).

Figures 27–30 in Biology of the sineguelas leaf beetle, Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L.) (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), on Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) in the Philippines

Figures 27–30. Pupae and pupal cases of sineguelas leaf beetle (SLB) (Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L., 1767). 27) Pupal case constructed from soil by the pre-pupal larva. 28) Mature larva extracted from pupal case. 29) Pupal cases at the base of a tree of sineguelas (Spondias purpurea L.) in field. 30) Pharate adult inside pupal case. (Photographs courtesy of SLB project).

Figures 23–26 in Biology of the sineguelas leaf beetle, Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L.) (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), on Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) in the Philippines

Figures 23–26. Sineguelas leaf beetle (Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L., 1767) on sineguelas (Spondias purpurea L.). 23) Third instar larva. 24) Fourth instar larva. 25) instar IV larva. 26) Late instar larvae of SLB can defoliate the twig and leave only midribs and stems. (Photographs courtesy of SLB project).

Figures 1–4. Plants associated with the sineguelas leaf beetle 1 in Biology of the sineguelas leaf beetle, Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L.) (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), on Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) in the Philippines

Figures 1–4. Plants associated with the sineguelas leaf beetle 1) A typical sineguelas tree (Spondias purpurea (L.) with foliage (June to November). 2) Fruits (April to June) in the Philippines. 3) Fruits of yellow sineguelas (Spondias dulcis Parkinson). 4) Fruits of "Libas" (Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz). (Photographs courtesy of SLB project).

Figures 14–15. Leaf beetle rearing cages. 14 in Biology of the sineguelas leaf beetle, Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L.) (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), on Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) in the Philippines

Figures 14–15. Leaf beetle rearing cages. 14) Sineguelas leaf beetle rearing cage with sineguelas (Spondias purpurea (L., 1767) seedling as food and soil at the base of the twig for pupation. 15) Rearing cages where the study of its biology was conducted. (Photographs courtesy of SLB project).

Figures 13–14. Tricondyla stricticeps Chaudoir, 1864 in Chinese species of the genus Tricondyla Latreille, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) and a new record for the country

Figures 13–14. Tricondyla stricticeps Chaudoir, 1864, scale = 5 mm. 13) Dorsal view, male. 14) Left lateral view, male.

Figures 9–12. Tricondyla pulchripes White, 1844 in Chinese species of the genus Tricondyla Latreille, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) and a new record for the country

Figures 9–12. Tricondyla pulchripes White, 1844, scale = 5 mm. 9) Dorsal view, male. 10) Left lateral view, male. 11) Dorsal view, female. 12) Left lateral view, female.

Figures 5–8. Tricondyla mellyi Chaudoir, 1850 in Chinese species of the genus Tricondyla Latreille, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) and a new record for the country

Figures 5–8. Tricondyla mellyi Chaudoir, 1850, scale = 5 mm. 5) Dorsal view, male. 6) Left lateral view, male. 7) Dorsal view, female. 8) Left lateral view, female.

Figures 1–4. Tricondyla wiesneri Naviaux, 2002 in Chinese species of the genus Tricondyla Latreille, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) and a new record for the country

Figures 1–4. Tricondyla wiesneri Naviaux, 2002, scale = 5 mm. 1) Dorsal view, male. 2) Left lateral view, male. 3) Dorsal view, female. 4) Left lateral view, female.

Figures 137–145 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 137–145. Carapace morphosculpture comparison between males of Scorpiops jendeki (137), S. lowei (138), S. puerensis (139), S. shidian (140), S. vachoni (141), S. validus (142), S. xui (143), S. yangi (144) and S. zhangshuyuani (145) under UV light. Scale normalized by posterior width.

Figures 196–199 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 196–199. Scorpiops jendeki, male (97, 98) and female (99, 100) pectines. Figures 196–197. Under white light. Figures 198–199. Under UV light.

Figures 77–80 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 77–80. Mensurational methods of scorpion chela applied in several Scorpiops papers. Figure 77. Definition by Stahnke (1970); red circle: region of P in between digital and external secondary carinae. Figure 78. Definition by Sissom et al. (1990); red circle: region of P in without clear reference system; red line: axis defined in this paper; green line: the straight line that passing the fingertip and a point of the inner curve arc; blue line: orthogonal to Sissom's chela-W. Figure 79. Definition in Sun (2010)'s dissertation; red line: extension of Sun's right bar of chela-W annotation. Figure 80. Ambiguity of Sun's method; change of angle influences the length obtained: ∠θ <∠θ (θ + θ > 180°), L > L .

Figures 47–54 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 47–54. Scorpiops tongtongi, male, left legs I–IV in retrolateral view. Figures 47–50. Under white light. Figures 51–54. Under UV light. Scale bar = 2 mm

Figures 1–3. Pepsis spp., female habitus. 1 in The Pepsis menechma Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae) taxonomic and nomenclatural problem

Figures 1–3. Pepsis spp., female habitus. 1) Pepsis elegans female habitus, Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia. Photograph © Brenna Decker. 2) Pepsis cerberus female habitus, Florida Canyon, Pima County, Arizona. Photograph © Chris Grinter. 3) Pepsis novitia female habitus, Tampico, Tamaulipas State, Mexico. Photograph © Brittany Kohler.

Figure 10. Geographic location map for Pepsis cerberus, P in The Pepsis menechma Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae) taxonomic and nomenclatural problem

Figure 10. Geographic location map for Pepsis cerberus, P. elegans, and P. novitia in the Nearctic Region (based on Brimley 1936; Hurd 1952; Krombein 1952; Johnston 2000; Bond and Opell 2002; Vardy 2005; Leavengood et al. 2011; Bond and Godwin 2013; Hamilton et al. 2016; Norden 2017; Godwin and Bond 2021; Durand, pers. comm.; BugGuide.net; flickr.com; iNaturalist.org; gbif.org; SCAN; and specimen records from 36 insect collections as listed in Materials and Methods). Black lines represent range limits of potential host spider genera. Solid black line represents geographic limit of Ummidia (Halonoproctidae) species (Godwin and Bond 2021). Dashed black line represents geographic limit of Aphonopelma (Theraphosidae) species (Hamilton et al. 2016). Dotted black line represents geographic limit of Eucteniza (Euctenizidae) species (Bond and Godwin 2013). Dash-dotted black line represents geographic limit of Entychides Simon (Euctenizidae) species (Bond and Opell 2002).

Figures 89–90 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 89–90. Scorpiops validus, female, right chela in dorsal aspect. Red lines: options 1 (89) and 2 (90) of chela-W.

Figures 97–136 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 97–136. Comparison of adult Yunnan Scorpiops chelae under white light. Figures 97–100. S. jendeki Kovařík, 1994, male (97, 98) and female (99, 100). Figures 101–104. S. lowei Tang, 2022, male (101, 102) and female (103, 104). Figures 105–108. S. puerensis (Di et al., 2010), male (105, 106) and female (107, 108). Figures 109–112. S. shidian (Qi et al., 2005), male (109, 110) and female (111, 112). Figures 113–116. S. tongtongi Tang, 2022, male (113, 114) and female (115, 116). Figures 117–120. S. vachoni (Qi et al., 2005), male (117, 118) and female (119, 120). Figures 121–124. S. validus (Di et al., 2010), male (121, 122) and female (123, 124). Figures 125–128. S. xui (Sun & Zhu, 2010), male (125, 126) and female (127, 128). Figures 129–132. S. yangi (Zhu et al., 2007), male (129, 130) and female (131, 132). Figures 133–136. S. zhangshuyuani (Ythier, 2019), male (133, 134) and female (135, 136).