Find research datasets worth reusing

FIG. 8 in New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)

FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 1 in New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)

FIG. 1. — Geographical and stratigraphic occurrence of the new specimens of Megadolodus molariformis McKenna, 1956 and Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, map of northern South America showing the location where other Neotropical bunodont litopterns have been found including La Venta (that records Megadolodus McKenna, 1956 and Neodolodus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986), the Cocinetas basin (that records Neodolodus) and Urumaco (that records Bounodus enigmaticus (Carlini, Gelfo & Sánchez, 2006); B, geologic map of La Venta area (modified from Montes et al. 2021) showing the localities where the new specimens of Megadolodus and Neodolodus where found. The colors in the map correspond to the cartographic units shown in the stratigraphic scheme; C, stratigraphic scheme of the Honda Group (modified from Benites-Palomino et al. 2020) showing the cartographic units of Montes et al. (2021), the stratigraphic levels (StL) of (Mora-Rojas et al. 2023), and the stratigraphic position of the new Megadolodus and Neodolodus specimens. Bed abbreviations: StL 1, Bed set be-

FIG. 3 in New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)

FIG. 3. — Mandible and lower dentition of Megadolodus molariformis McKenna, 1956: A, VPPLT 974 in medial (top), occlusal (middle) and lateral (bottom) views; the lateral view was digitally reversed to show the same orientation as the lingual view; B, holotype of M. molariformis (UCMP 39270) in lingual (top), occlusal (middle) and labial (bottom) views; the labial view was digitally reversed to show the same orientation as the lingual view; C, VPPLT 974 in rostral view showing the alveoli of?i2; D, detail of m3 (VPPLT 974) in occlusal view; E, detail of the p2-m3. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 2 in New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)

FIG. 2. — Upper dentition of Megadolodus molariformis McKenna, 1956 (VPPLT 1588): A, left P1 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and distal (bottom) views; B, left P2 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and distal (bottom) views; C, left P3 or P4 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and lingual (bottom) views; D, fragment of left maxilla with M1-3 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and lingual (bottom) views; E, right P3 or P4 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and lingual (bottom) views; the photos were digitally reversed to show the same orientation as the left dentition; F, detail of M1-3 in occlusal view; G, reconstruction of the left upper cheekteeth of M. molariformis based on VPPLT 1588. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 10 in New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)

FIG. 10. — Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships within Didolodontidae and Litopterna based on the analysis of the reduced matrix and using maximum parsimony. Strict consensus of the 580 most parsimonious trees resulting from the analysis. The numbers at the nodes indicate the Bremer support. The numbers at the nodes indicate the Bremer support. The nodes indicated with letters are discussed in the text.

FIG. 7 in New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)

FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view; C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views; D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 9 in New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)

FIG. 9. — Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships within Didolodontidae and Litopterna based on the analysis of the extended matrix. Strict consensus of the 281 most parsimonious trees resulting from the analysis. The numbers at the nodes indicate the Bremer support. The nodes indicated with letters are discussed in the text.

FIG. 6 in New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)

FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm.

low Cerro Gordo; StL 2, Cerro Gordo sandstone; StL 3, between Cerro Gordo and Chunchullo; StL 4, Chunchullo sandstone; StL 5, bed set between Chunchullo and Tatacoa; StL 6, Tatacoa sandstone; StL 7, bed set below Cerbatana conglomerate; StL 8, Cerbatana conglomerate; StL 9, Monkey beds; StL 10, bed set above Monkey beds; StL 12, bed set above Fish bed; StL 14, bed set below La Venta red beds; StL 15, La Venta red beds; StL 16, bed set between La Venta red beds and El Cardón red beds; StL 17, El Cardón red beds; StL 18, San Francisco sandstone; StL 19, Polonia red beds; D, reconstruction of the head of Neodolodus colombianus based on the 3D model of the almost complete skull of the specimen VPPLT 1696. Abbreviations: Fm, Formation; St m, Stratigraphic meter. Reconstruction of N. colombianus made by Tatsuya Shimura. in New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)

low Cerro Gordo; StL 2, Cerro Gordo sandstone; StL 3, between Cerro Gordo and Chunchullo; StL 4, Chunchullo sandstone; StL 5, bed set between Chunchullo and Tatacoa; StL 6, Tatacoa sandstone; StL 7, bed set below Cerbatana conglomerate; StL 8, Cerbatana conglomerate; StL 9, Monkey beds; StL 10, bed set above Monkey beds; StL 12, bed set above Fish bed; StL 14, bed set below La Venta red beds; StL 15, La Venta red beds; StL 16, bed set between La Venta red beds and El Cardón red beds; StL 17, El Cardón red beds; StL 18, San Francisco sandstone; StL 19, Polonia red beds; D, reconstruction of the head of Neodolodus colombianus based on the 3D model of the almost complete skull of the specimen VPPLT 1696. Abbreviations: Fm, Formation; St m, Stratigraphic meter. Reconstruction of N. colombianus made by Tatsuya Shimura.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

FIGURE 6 Heterocoryne caribbensis. A-C in Integrative systematics illuminates the relationships in two sponge-associated hydrozoan families (Capitata: Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae)

FIGURE 6 Heterocoryne caribbensis. A-C) Polyps from Sint Eustatius. D, E) Tentacles partially fused. F) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), and desmonemes (d). Scale bars: A-C) 0.5 mm; D, E) 0.1 mm; F) 5 Μm.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

FIGURE 3 Kudacoryne diaphana. Polyps from A, B in Integrative systematics illuminates the relationships in two sponge-associated hydrozoan families (Capitata: Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae)

FIGURE 3 Kudacoryne diaphana. Polyps from A, B) Red Sea and C, D) Maldives. E) Hypostome. F) Capitulum. G) Polyps with medusa buds a few hours before release. H) Newly released medusa. I) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), and desmonemes (d) from the polyp stage. J) Macrobasic mastigophore from the polyp stage. K) Small stenoteles (ss) and microbasic mastigophores (mi) from the newly released medusa. Scale bars: A-D, G) 0.2 mm; E, H) 50 µm; F) 20 µm; I-K) 5 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Carlgren's hesitation allayed: redescription and systematics of Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a redefinition of Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900

FIGURE 3 Living specimens of Heteranthus verruculatus. A. an expanded individual (RCLA.Cni.003), camouflaged with the sand that it is buried in, Tial, Pulau Ambon, Indonesia. Photograph by NWL Yap. B. a partially contracted individual (RCLA.Cni.003) extending from a rocky crevice, with sand grains and shell fragments still densely attached to distalmost end, at Tial, Pulau Ambon, Indonesia. Photograph by NWL Yap. C. an expanded smaller individual with tentacles extended, encountered in a bed of Zoanthus at Pulau Tekukor, Singapore, in situ. Photograph by KS Loh, with permission. D. a population of densely packed clustering individuals (ZRC.CNI.1207), encountered in a Halophila ovalis meadow at Cyrene Reef, Singapore. Photograph by NWL Yap. Abbreviation: z, Zoanthus sp. Scale bar = 5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Figure 3 A in Integrative systematics reveals the new land-snail genus Taphrenalla (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) with a description of nine new species from Thailand

Figure 3 A representative ML tree showing only the Taphrenalla clade. The synopsis of the radial groove on shell sculpture, genitalia showing location of dart apparatus, and live specimens of Taphrenalla spp. Results of species delimitation analyses based on the COI gene using ABGD and PTP. Black circles represent nodes with both ML (when Ē 70%) and BI (when Ē 0.95) support. White circles represent nodes with ML BS support but no BI PP support (when <0.95). Each clade colour refers to the distribution range in fig. 1.

FIGURE 9 in Carlgren's hesitation allayed: redescription and systematics of Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a redefinition of Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900

FIGURE 9 Cnidae of Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877. A. spirocyst. B. basitrich. C. basitrich. D. spirocyst. E. basitrich. F. basitrich. G. basitrich. H. microbasic p-mastigophore. I. small basitrich. J. basitrich. K. large basitrich. L. microbasic amastigophore/microbasic p-mastigophore. Scale bar = 10 µm. Refer to table 2 for key to letters. Photographs by NWL Yap.

FIGURE 8 in Carlgren's hesitation allayed: redescription and systematics of Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a redefinition of Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900

FIGURE 8 Longitudinal sections of Heteranthus verruculatus at distalmost end illustrating varying sphincter muscle forms, internal morphology. A. conspicuous and circumscribed (NHM 1954.6.28.23). B. restricted and inconspicuous (MTG59392). C. conspicuous with many folds (WAM Z33604). Abbreviations: fo, fosse; mp, marginal projection; mt, marginal tentacle; sph, sphincter muscle. Scale = 1 mm. Photographs by NWL Yap.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Figure 2 in Integrative systematics reveals the new land-snail genus Taphrenalla (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) with a description of nine new species from Thailand

Figure 2 Representative ML tree of the Taphrenalla gen. nov., Macrochlamys, Sarika, Cryptozona, Hemiplecta, Megaustenia, and Durgella based on the combined partial sequences of the COI, 16S, and 28S genes. The code in the parenthesis next to the species name refers to voucher numbers of the analysed samples. Numbers on the branches indicate the ML BS and BI PP values.

FIGURE 7 in Carlgren's hesitation allayed: redescription and systematics of Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a redefinition of Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900

FIGURE 7 Cross sections of Heteranthus verruculatus, through the level below actinopharynx, internal morphology. A. mesenteries of holotype Heteranthus insignis (NRS 4076) [= H. verruculatus]. Note complete mesenteries have humps along its edges. B. asymmetrical arrangement of mesenteries in a clustering individual (ZRC.CNI.1207), directives are absent. C. gametogenic tissues with oocytes present on both complete and incomplete mesenteries of an individual (WAMZ33604). Circles indicate the presence of the parietobasilar muscles as pennons. Abbreviation: o, oocytes. Scale = 2 mm. Photographs by NWL Yap.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

FIGURE 1 Phylogenetic hypotheses for the Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae. A in Integrative systematics illuminates the relationships in two sponge-associated hydrozoan families (Capitata: Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae)

FIGURE 1 Phylogenetic hypotheses for the Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae. A) Sampling localities. B) Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Capitata based on the concatenated multi-locus dataset, with numbers at nodes representing ML bootstrap values, Bayesian posterior probabilities, and MP bootstrap values, respectively; asterisks denote maximal support for all analyses, whereas dashes denote absence of the node in the analysis; samples corresponding to medusa stages are highlighted in grey. C) Species tree of the Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae, with numbers at nodes representing Bayesian posterior probabilities.

FIGURE 2 in Carlgren's hesitation allayed: redescription and systematics of Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a redefinition of Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900

FIGURE 2 Name-bearing type materials of Heteranthus verruculatus and Heteranthus insignis. A. dried lectotype of H. verruculatus (ZMB 1852), top view. B. close-up of ZMB 1852 in two pieces, showing details of distalmost end, and mesenteries, top view. Note that a slice of the distalmost end is missing. C. the piece of distalmost end from lectotype ZMB 1852, now at Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (NRS 4861), Sweden, side view. Note details of conspicuous verrucae and marginal projections with papillae- like bumps. D. holotype of H. insignis, an entire specimen (NRS 4076), side view. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; m, mesenteries; mp, marginal projection; mt, marginal tentacles; pd, pedal disc; v, verrucae. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photographs by NWL Yap.

FIGURE 5 in Carlgren's hesitation allayed: redescription and systematics of Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a redefinition of Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900

FIGURE 5 Oral disc appearance of Heteranthus verruculatus. A. an expanded solitary individual (RCLA.Cni.008) with a crenulated, oval oral disc. B. an expanded clustering polyp (ZRC.CNI.1207) with a round, flat oral disc. In both A and B, innermost cycle of marginal tentacles is longer than outermost. C. dense arrangement of discal tentacles of a solitary individual from the Great Barrier Reef (NHM 1954.6.28.23). D. discal tentacles of a clustering polyp (ZRC.CNI.1230) with a sparse distribution of tentacles (arrowed). Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; dt, discal tentacles; m, mouth; mt, marginal tentacles. Scale bar = 2 mm. Photographs by NWL Yap.