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FIGURES 76 in A new genus and four new species of Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with long ovipositors from Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURES 76─84. Domahovana yamurikuma sp. nov. male holotype (INPA). 76, head and thorax, ventral view. 77, forewing. 78, sternite VIII, ventral view. 79, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. 80, subgenital plate, ventral view. 81, styles and connective, dorsal view. 82, style, lateral view. 83, aedeagus, caudal view. 84, aedeagus, lateral view.

FIGURES 44 in A new genus and four new species of Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with long ovipositors from Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURES 44─54. Domahovana mani sp. nov. female paratype (INPA). 44, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. 45, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. 46, sternite VII, ventral view. 47, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. 48, first valvifers and first valvulae, ventral view. 49, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. 50, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. 51, second valvula, lateral view. 52, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. 53, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. 54, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view.

FIGURES 64 in A new genus and four new species of Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with long ovipositors from Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURES 64─75. Domahovana naia sp. nov. female paratype (INPA). 64, forewing. 65, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. 66, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. 67, sternite VII, ventral view. 68, pygofer, lateral view. 69, first valvifers and first valvulae, ventral view. 70, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. 71, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. 72, second valvulae, lateral view. 73, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. 74, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. 75, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view.

FIGURES 55 in A new genus and four new species of Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with long ovipositors from Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURES 55─63. Domahovana naia sp. nov. male holotype (INPA). 55, head, ventral view. 56, forewing. 57, sternite VIII, ventral view. 58, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate and anal tube, lateral view. 59, subgenital plate, ventral view. 60, styles and connective, dorsal view. 61, style, lateral view. 62, aedeagus, caudal view. 63, aedeagus, lateral view.

FIGURES 35 in A new genus and four new species of Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with long ovipositors from Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURES 35─43 Domahovana mani sp. nov. male holotype (INPA). 35, head and thorax, ventral view. 36, forewing. 37, sternite VIII, ventral view. 38, pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and anal tube, lateral view. 39, subgenital plate, ventral view. 40, styles and connective, dorsal view. 41, style, lateral view. 42, aedeagus, caudal view. 43, aedeagus, lateral view.

FIGURES 24 in A new genus and four new species of Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with long ovipositors from Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURES 24─34. Domahovana icamiabas sp. nov. female paratype (INPA). 24, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. 25, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. 26, sternite VII, ventral view. 27, pygofer, lateral view. 28, first valvifer and first valvulae, ventral view. 29, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. 30, apical portion of first valvula, lateral view. 31, second valvifer and second valvulae, lateral view. 32, apical portion of second valvula, lateral view. 33, second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. 34, apical portion of gonoplac, lateral view.

FIGURES 15 in A new genus and four new species of Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with long ovipositors from Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURES 15─23. Domahovana icamiabas sp. nov. male holotype (INPA). 15, head and thorax, ventral view. 16, forewing. 17, sternite VIII, ventral view. 18, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. 19, subgenital plate, ventral view. 20, styles and connective, dorsal view. 21, style, lateral view. 22, aedeagus, caudal view. 23, aedeagus, lateral view.

FIGURES 9 in A new genus and four new species of Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with long ovipositors from Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURES 9─14. Domahovana gen. nov. habitus of type specimens, dorsal and lateral view respectively. 9─10 Domahovana naia sp. nov. male holotype (INPA). 11─12 Domahovana naia sp. nov. female paratype (INPA). 13─14 Domahovana yamurikuma sp. nov. male holotype (INPA).

FIGURES 1 in A new genus and four new species of Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with long ovipositors from Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURES 1─8. Domahovana gen. nov. habitus of type specimens, dorsal and lateral view respectively. 1─2 Domahovana icamiabas sp. nov. male holotype (INPA). 3─4 Domahovana icamiabas sp. nov. female paratype (INPA). 5─6 Domahovana mani sp. nov. male holotype (INPA). 7─8 Domahovana mani sp. nov. female paratype (INPA).

On following pages: 788. Small-eared Rat (Taeromys microbullatus); 789. Sulawesi Forest Rat (Taeromys punicans); 790. Tondano Rat (Taeromys taerae); 791. Long-tailed Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Tateomys macrocercus); 792. Tate's Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Tateomys rhinogradoides); 793. Mamasa Water Rat (Waiomys mamasae); 794. Spiny Boki Mekot Rat (Halmaheramys bokimekot); 795. Komodo Rat (Komodomys rintjanus); 796. Seram Island Mountain Rat (Nesoromys ceramicus); 797. Armandville's Giant Tree Rat (Papagomys armandville)); 798. Paula's Long-nosed Rat (Paulamys naso); 799. Luzon Broad-toothed Rat (Abditomys latidens); 800. Mindoro Climbing Rat (Anonymomys mindorensis); 801. Mindanao Forest Rat (Bullimus bagobus); 802. Camiguin Forest Rat (Bullimus gamay); 803. Luzon Forest Rat (Bullimus luzonicus); 804. Sulawesi Shrew Mouse (Crunomys celebensis), 805. Luzon Shrew Mouse (Crunomys fallax); 806. Mindanao Shrew Mouse (Crunomys melanius); 807. Katanglad Shrew Mouse (Crunomys suncoides); 808. Gray-bellied Moss Mouse (Limnomys bryophilus), 809. Long-tailed Moss Mouse (Limnomys sibuanus); 810. Dusky Long-footed Rat (Tarsomys apoensis); 811. Spiny Long-footed Rat (Tarsomys echinatus); 812. Luzon Short-nosed Rat (Tryphomys adustus); 813. Ethiopian Amphibious Rat (Nilopegamys plumbeus); 814. Hume's Hadromys (Hadromys humei); 815. Yunnan Hadromys (Hadromys yunnanensis); 816. Vernay's Climbing Mouse (Vernaya fulva). in Muridae

On following pages: 788. Small-eared Rat (Taeromys microbullatus); 789. Sulawesi Forest Rat (Taeromys punicans); 790. Tondano Rat (Taeromys taerae); 791. Long-tailed Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Tateomys macrocercus); 792. Tate's Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Tateomys rhinogradoides); 793. Mamasa Water Rat (Waiomys mamasae); 794. Spiny Boki Mekot Rat (Halmaheramys bokimekot); 795. Komodo Rat (Komodomys rintjanus); 796. Seram Island Mountain Rat (Nesoromys ceramicus); 797. Armandville's Giant Tree Rat (Papagomys armandville)); 798. Paula's Long-nosed Rat (Paulamys naso); 799. Luzon Broad-toothed Rat (Abditomys latidens); 800. Mindoro Climbing Rat (Anonymomys mindorensis); 801. Mindanao Forest Rat (Bullimus bagobus); 802. Camiguin Forest Rat (Bullimus gamay); 803. Luzon Forest Rat (Bullimus luzonicus); 804. Sulawesi Shrew Mouse (Crunomys celebensis), 805. Luzon Shrew Mouse (Crunomys fallax); 806. Mindanao Shrew Mouse (Crunomys melanius); 807. Katanglad Shrew Mouse (Crunomys suncoides); 808. Gray-bellied Moss Mouse (Limnomys bryophilus), 809. Long-tailed Moss Mouse (Limnomys sibuanus); 810. Dusky Long-footed Rat (Tarsomys apoensis); 811. Spiny Long-footed Rat (Tarsomys echinatus); 812. Luzon Short-nosed Rat (Tryphomys adustus); 813. Ethiopian Amphibious Rat (Nilopegamys plumbeus); 814. Hume's Hadromys (Hadromys humei); 815. Yunnan Hadromys (Hadromys yunnanensis); 816. Vernay's Climbing Mouse (Vernaya fulva).

Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males). in Muridae

Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males).

Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008). in Muridae

Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008).

Distribution. Endemic to the Gotel Mts, SE Nigeria. Descriptive notes. Head-body 108-137 mm, tail 149-174 mm, ear 19-21 mm, hindfoot 26-28 mm; weight 34-60 g. Fur of the Gotel Mountain Soft-furred Mouse is dark brown to grayish black above, without russet tinge of Hartwig's Soft-furred Mouse (P. hartwigi), slightly paler on flanks, and whitish gray below. Dorsum and venter are separated by think pale reddish brown line. Tail is very long (c.140% of head-body length). Forefeet and hindfeet are pale. Forefeet have four functional digits; first digit is reduced to small tubercle with very small claw. Hindfeet have five clawed digits. Females have three pairs of nipples. in Muridae

Distribution. Endemic to the Gotel Mts, SE Nigeria. Descriptive notes. Head-body 108-137 mm, tail 149-174 mm, ear 19-21 mm, hindfoot 26-28 mm; weight 34-60 g. Fur of the Gotel Mountain Soft-furred Mouse is dark brown to grayish black above, without russet tinge of Hartwig's Soft-furred Mouse (P. hartwigi), slightly paler on flanks, and whitish gray below. Dorsum and venter are separated by think pale reddish brown line. Tail is very long (c.140% of head-body length). Forefeet and hindfeet are pale. Forefeet have four functional digits; first digit is reduced to small tubercle with very small claw. Hindfeet have five clawed digits. Females have three pairs of nipples.

Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015). in Muridae

Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015).

On following pages: 507. Cansdale's Swamp Rat (Malacomys cansdalel); 508. Edwards's Swamp Rat (Malacomys edwards); 509. Alpine Field Mouse (Apodemus alpicola), 510. Long-tailed Field Mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus); 511. Striped Field Mouse (Apodemus agrarius); 512. Western Broad-toothed Field Mouse (Apodemus epimelas); 513. Hyrcanian Field Mouse (Apodemus hyrcanicus); 514. Caucasus Field Mouse (Apodemus ponticus); 515. Herb Field Mouse (Apodemus uralensis); 516. Yellow-necked Field Mouse (Apodemus flavicollis); 517. Eastern Broad-toothed Field Mouse (Apodemus mystacinus), 518. Steppe Field Mouse (Apodemus witherbyi); 519. Nepalese Field Mouse (Apodemus gurkha); 520. Himalayan Field Mouse (Apodemus pallipes); 521. Kashmir Field Mouse (Apodemus rusiges); 522. Chevrier's Field Mouse (Apodemus chevrieri); 523. South China Field Mouse (Apodemus draco); 524. Large-eared Field Mouse (Apodemus latronum); 525. Taiwan Field Mouse (Apodemus semotus); 526. Korean Field Mouse (Apodemus peninsulae); 527. Small Japanese Field Mouse (Apodemus argenteus); 528. Large Japanese Field Mouse (Apodemus speciosus); 529. Okinawa Island Spiny Rat (Tokudaia muenninki); 530. Amami Spiny Rat (Tokudaiaosimensis); 531. Tokunoshima Spiny Rat (Tokudaia tokunoshimensis). in Muridae

On following pages: 507. Cansdale's Swamp Rat (Malacomys cansdalel); 508. Edwards's Swamp Rat (Malacomys edwards); 509. Alpine Field Mouse (Apodemus alpicola), 510. Long-tailed Field Mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus); 511. Striped Field Mouse (Apodemus agrarius); 512. Western Broad-toothed Field Mouse (Apodemus epimelas); 513. Hyrcanian Field Mouse (Apodemus hyrcanicus); 514. Caucasus Field Mouse (Apodemus ponticus); 515. Herb Field Mouse (Apodemus uralensis); 516. Yellow-necked Field Mouse (Apodemus flavicollis); 517. Eastern Broad-toothed Field Mouse (Apodemus mystacinus), 518. Steppe Field Mouse (Apodemus witherbyi); 519. Nepalese Field Mouse (Apodemus gurkha); 520. Himalayan Field Mouse (Apodemus pallipes); 521. Kashmir Field Mouse (Apodemus rusiges); 522. Chevrier's Field Mouse (Apodemus chevrieri); 523. South China Field Mouse (Apodemus draco); 524. Large-eared Field Mouse (Apodemus latronum); 525. Taiwan Field Mouse (Apodemus semotus); 526. Korean Field Mouse (Apodemus peninsulae); 527. Small Japanese Field Mouse (Apodemus argenteus); 528. Large Japanese Field Mouse (Apodemus speciosus); 529. Okinawa Island Spiny Rat (Tokudaia muenninki); 530. Amami Spiny Rat (Tokudaiaosimensis); 531. Tokunoshima Spiny Rat (Tokudaia tokunoshimensis).

Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae

Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).

Distribution. Known only from Mt Kenya, C Kenya. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, ear 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. The Mount Kenya Thicket Rat's fur is olive gray above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated white belly tinted with pink. Tail is very long (152% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, and tufted. Feet are buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Habitat. Little is known, but presumably similar to that of the East African Thicket Rat (G. beanus). in Muridae

Distribution. Known only from Mt Kenya, C Kenya. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, ear 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. The Mount Kenya Thicket Rat's fur is olive gray above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated white belly tinted with pink. Tail is very long (152% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, and tufted. Feet are buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Habitat. Little is known, but presumably similar to that of the East African Thicket Rat (G. beanus).

Although previously treated as a subspecies of G. dolichurus, G.dryas was later recognized as a good species. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to elevations above 1000 m within the Albertine Rift Mts. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100-130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, car 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. Fur of the Albertine Rift Thicket Rat is tawny brown above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated pure white belly bordered by thin orange line. Tail is very long (160% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, tufted, and dark brown. Feet are pale buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Females have 0+2 = 2 pairs of nipples. in Muridae

Although previously treated as a subspecies of G. dolichurus, G.dryas was later recognized as a good species. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to elevations above 1000 m within the Albertine Rift Mts. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100-130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, car 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. Fur of the Albertine Rift Thicket Rat is tawny brown above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated pure white belly bordered by thin orange line. Tail is very long (160% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, tufted, and dark brown. Feet are pale buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Females have 0+2 = 2 pairs of nipples.

On following pages: 347. Plains Mouse (Pseudomys australis); 348. Bolam''s Mouse (Pseudomys bolami); 349. Kakadu Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys calabyi); 350. Western Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys chapmani); 351. Desert Mouse (Pseudomys desertor); 352. Shark Bay Mouse (Pseudomys field); 353. Australian Smoky Mouse (Pseudomys fumeus); 354. Eastern Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys gracilicaudatus); 355. Sandy Inland Mouse (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis); 356. Long-tailed Mouse (Pseudomys higginsi); 357. Central Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys johnson); 358. Western Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys nanus); 359. New Holland Mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae); 360. Western Mouse (Pseudomys occidentalis); 361. Hastings River Mouse (Pseudomys oralis); 362. Eastern Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys patrius); 363. Heath Mouse (Pseudomys shortridgel); 364. Common Australian Rock Rat (Zyzomys argurus); 365. Arnhem Land Rock Rat (Zyzomys maini); 366. Carpentarian Rock Rat (Zyzomys palatalis); 367. Central Australian Rock Rat (Zyzomys pedunculatus); 368. Kimberley Rock Rat (Zyzomys woodward); 369. Malayan Tree Rat (Pithecheir parvus); 370. Red Tree Rat (Pithecheir melanurus); 371. Bornean Tree Rat (Pithecheirops otion); 372. Cutch Rat (Cremnomys cutchicus); 373. Elvira Rat (Cremnomys elvira); 374. Crump's Rat (Diomys crumpi); 375. White-tailed Wood Rat (Madromys blanfordi); 376. Sand-colored Soft-furred Rat (Millardia gleadowi); 377. Kondana Soft-furred Rat (Millardia kondana); 378. Common Soft-furred Rat (Millardia in Muridae

On following pages: 347. Plains Mouse (Pseudomys australis); 348. Bolam''s Mouse (Pseudomys bolami); 349. Kakadu Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys calabyi); 350. Western Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys chapmani); 351. Desert Mouse (Pseudomys desertor); 352. Shark Bay Mouse (Pseudomys field); 353. Australian Smoky Mouse (Pseudomys fumeus); 354. Eastern Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys gracilicaudatus); 355. Sandy Inland Mouse (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis); 356. Long-tailed Mouse (Pseudomys higginsi); 357. Central Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys johnson); 358. Western Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys nanus); 359. New Holland Mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae); 360. Western Mouse (Pseudomys occidentalis); 361. Hastings River Mouse (Pseudomys oralis); 362. Eastern Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys patrius); 363. Heath Mouse (Pseudomys shortridgel); 364. Common Australian Rock Rat (Zyzomys argurus); 365. Arnhem Land Rock Rat (Zyzomys maini); 366. Carpentarian Rock Rat (Zyzomys palatalis); 367. Central Australian Rock Rat (Zyzomys pedunculatus); 368. Kimberley Rock Rat (Zyzomys woodward); 369. Malayan Tree Rat (Pithecheir parvus); 370. Red Tree Rat (Pithecheir melanurus); 371. Bornean Tree Rat (Pithecheirops otion); 372. Cutch Rat (Cremnomys cutchicus); 373. Elvira Rat (Cremnomys elvira); 374. Crump's Rat (Diomys crumpi); 375. White-tailed Wood Rat (Madromys blanfordi); 376. Sand-colored Soft-furred Rat (Millardia gleadowi); 377. Kondana Soft-furred Rat (Millardia kondana); 378. Common Soft-furred Rat (Millardia

Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925). in Muridae

Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925).