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Systemic corticosteroids and mortality in severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Systemic corticosteroids are now recommended in many treatment guidelines, though supporting evidence is limited to one randomised controlled clinical trial (RECOVERY). </p> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> To identify whether corticosteroids were beneficial to COVID-19 patients. </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> 1514 severe and 249 critical hospitalized COVID-19 patients from two medical centers in Wuhan, China. Multivariable Cox models, Cox model with time-varying exposure and propensity score analysis (inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM)) to estimate the association of corticosteroid use with risk of in-hospital mortality in severe and critical cases.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Corticosteroids were administered in 531 (35.1%) severe and 159 (63.9%) critical patients. Compared to non-corticosteroid group, systemic corticosteroid use was not associated with beneficial effect in reducing in-hospital mortality in both severe cases (HR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.08-2.89, p=0.023), and critical cases (HR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.08-3.98, p=0.028). Findings were similar in time-varying Cox analysis. For severe COVID-19 patients at admission, corticosteroid use was not associated with improved or harmful outcome in either PSM or IPTW analysis. For critical COVID-19 patients at admission, results were consistent with multivariable Cox model analysis.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Corticosteroid use was not associated with beneficial effect in reducing in-hospital mortality for severe or critical cases in Wuhan. Absence of the beneficial effect in our study in contrast to that was observed in the RECOVERY clinical trial may be due to biases in observational data, in particular prescription by indication bias, differences in clinical characteristics of patients, choice of corticosteroid used, timing of initiation of treatment and duration of treatment. <br> </p>
Data from: Warmer and drier fire seasons contribute to increases in area burned at high severity in western US forests from 1985-2017
<p>Increases in burned area across the western US since the mid-1980's have been widely documented and linked partially to climate factors, yet evaluations of trends in <i>fire severity</i> are lacking. Here, we evaluate fire severity trends and their interannual relationships to climate for western US forests from 1985-2017. Significant increases in annual area burned at high severity (AAB<sub>hs</sub>) were observed across most ecoregions, with an overall eight-fold increase in AAB<sub>hs</sub> across all western US forests. The relationships we identified between the annual fire severity metrics and climate, as well as the observed and projected trend toward warmer and drier fire seasons, suggest that climate change will contribute to increased fire severity in future decades where fuels remain abundant. The growing prevalence of high-severity fire in western US forests has important implications to forest ecosystems, including an increased probability of fire-catalyzed conversions from forest to alternative vegetation types.</p>
Figure 1 from: Fatihah-Syafiq M, Badli-Sham BH, Fahmi-Ahmad M, Aqmal-Naser M, Rizal SA, Azmi MSA, Grismer LL, Ahmad AB (2020) Checklist of herpetofauna in the severely degraded ecosystem of Bidong Island, Peninsular Malaysia, South China Sea. ZooKeys 985: 143-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.985.54737
Figure 1 Map of Peninsular Malaysia (left) showing the location of Bidong Island, off the Terengganu coast, indicated by the red square. Map of Bidong Island (right) with the study locations indicated by red circles.
Datasets for feature-specific class prediction, from readings in several cell-types.
<p>The cell-types featured here are A549, H1ESC, HeLa, IMR90, K562, and MCF7. These happen to be the 6 cell-types out of 8 existing in our integrative database, GREG (https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baz162). The normalized read-coverages from features (variables) like DNA-Protein bindings, histone modifications; ChIP-Seq data, are mapped through genomic intervals of 2 Kbs, genome-wide. These genomic intervals (technically <em>bins</em>), are classified as <em><strong>Hubs</strong></em> or <strong><em>Non-Hubs</em></strong>. Hubs are those bins that are engaged in genomic crosstalk at a distance of 1Mb or Inf., and are Non-Hubs otherwise.</p> <p>Note that features are inconsistent across different cell-types, due to the availability of data. The BAM files have been sourced from ENCODE and NCBI repositories. Also, the users might want to use <em>unique() in R</em> or something similar to refine the datasets for non-redundant instances (if existing).<em> </em></p> <p>The analysis following this data can be tracked at https://github.com/mora-lab/GREG-Hubs.</p>
One year after ICU admission for severe community-acquired pneumonia of bacterial, viral or unidentified etiology. What are the outcomes?
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) for respiratory virus testing is increasingly used in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), however data on one-year outcome in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with reference to the causative pathogen are scarce. </p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: We performed a single-center retrospective study in 123 ICU patients who had undergone respiratory virus testing for CAP by mPCR and with known one-year survival status. Functional status including dyspnea (mMRC score), autonomy (ADL Katz score) and need for new home-care ventilatory support was assessed at a one-year post-ICU follow-up. Mortality rates and functional status were compared in patients with CAP of a bacterial, viral or unidentified etiology one year after ICU admission.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The bacterial, viral and unidentified groups included 19 (15.4%), 37 (30.1%), and 67 (54.5%) patients, respectively. In multivariate analysis, one-year mortality in the bacterial group was higher compared to the viral group (HR 2.92, 95% CI 1.71-7.28, p=0.02) and tended to be higher compared to the unidentified etiology group (p=0.06); but no difference was found between the viral and the unidentified etiology group (p=0.43). In 64/83 one-year survivors with a post-ICU follow-up consultation, there were no differences in mMRC score, ADL Katz score and new home-care ventilatory support between the groups (p=0.52, p=0.37, p=0.24, respectively). Severe dyspnea (mMRC score = 4 or death), severe autonomy deficiencies (ADL Katz score ≤ 2 or death), and major adverse respiratory events (new home-care ventilatory support or death) were observed in 52/104 (50.0%), 47/104 (45.2%), and 65/104 (62.5%) patients, respectively; with no difference between the bacterial, viral and unidentified group: p=0.58, p=0.06, p=0.61, respectively.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: CAP of bacterial origin had a poorer outcome than CAP of viral or unidentified origin. At one-year, impairment of functional status was frequently observed, with no difference according to the etiology.</p>
Figures 11-13 from: Stampar SN, Gamero-Mora E, Maronna MM, Fritscher JM, Oliveira BSP, Sampaio CLS, Morandini AC (2020) The puzzling occurrence of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) along the Brazilian coast: a result of several invasion events? Zoologia 37: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e50834
Figures 11-13 Specimens of Cassiopea andromeda from Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: (11) general view of the area with dozens of specimens, largest one ~25 cm; (12) oral view of a preserved specimen in formalin; (13) details of oral appendages of a formalin fixed specimen. Scale bars: 12, 13 = 1 cm.
Figure 10 from: Stampar SN, Gamero-Mora E, Maronna MM, Fritscher JM, Oliveira BSP, Sampaio CLS, Morandini AC (2020) The puzzling occurrence of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) along the Brazilian coast: a result of several invasion events? Zoologia 37: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e50834
Figure 10 Molecular reconstruction inferred under Maximum Likelihood (score: -lnL 3124) based on COI with Morandini et al. (2017) dataset and newly sequenced specimens (see Table 1 for details on the sequences used in the analysis). Numbers in nodes represent SH-aLRT support (%)/parametric aLRT support/aBayes support/standard bootstrap support (%); * less than 70/0.70.
Figure 9 from: Stampar SN, Gamero-Mora E, Maronna MM, Fritscher JM, Oliveira BSP, Sampaio CLS, Morandini AC (2020) The puzzling occurrence of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) along the Brazilian coast: a result of several invasion events? Zoologia 37: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e50834
Figure 9 South America map indicating populations of Cassiopea from Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro and Maceió, Alagoas. In detail map of the area of occurrence of Cassiopea andromeda in Alagoas (Meirim River).
Figures 1-8 from: Stampar SN, Gamero-Mora E, Maronna MM, Fritscher JM, Oliveira BSP, Sampaio CLS, Morandini AC (2020) The puzzling occurrence of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) along the Brazilian coast: a result of several invasion events? Zoologia 37: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e50834
Figures 1-8 Specimens of Cassiopea from Meirim River estuary: (1) general view of the touristic area with dozens of specimens; (2, 3) details of some large specimens, around 17 cm; (4, 5) details of formalin preserved large specimens; (6–8) details of oral arms, marginal lappets and a rhopaliar niche, respectively. Scale bars: 4–7 = 1 cm, 8 = 1000 µm.
400 events with dates and times of the worst-case severe environments
<p>400 events with dates and times of the worst-case severe environments</p>
Data from: The proportion of clinically relevant alarms decreases as patient clinical severity decreases in intensive care units: a pilot study
Objectives: To determine (1) the proportion and number of clinically relevant alarms based on the type of monitoring device; (2) whether patient clinical severity, based on the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, affects the proportion of clinically relevant alarms and to suggest; (3) methods for reducing clinically irrelevant alarms in an intensive care unit (ICU). Design: A prospective, observational clinical study. Setting: A medical ICU at the University of Tokyo Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Participants: All patients who were admitted directly to the ICU, aged ≥18 years, and not refused active treatment were registered between January and February 2012. Methods: The alarms, alarm settings, alarm messages, waveforms and video recordings were acquired in real time and saved continuously. All alarms were annotated with respect to technical and clinical validity. Results: 18 ICU patients were monitored. During 2697 patient-monitored hours, 11 591 alarms were annotated. Only 740 (6.4%) alarms were considered to be clinically relevant. The monitoring devices that triggered alarms the most often were the direct measurement of arterial pressure (33.5%), oxygen saturation (24.2%), and electrocardiogram (22.9%). The numbers of relevant alarms were 12.4% (direct measurement of arterial pressure), 2.4% (oxygen saturation) and 5.3% (electrocardiogram). Positive correlations were established between patient clinical severities and the proportion of relevant alarms. The total number of irrelevant alarms could be reduced by 21.4% by evaluating their technical relevance. Conclusions: We demonstrated that (1) the types of devices that alarm the most frequently were direct measurements of arterial pressure, oxygen saturation and ECG, and most of those alarms were not clinically relevant; (2) the proportion of clinically relevant alarms decreased as the patients' status improved and (3) the irrelevance alarms can be considerably reduced by evaluating their technical relevance.
Phylogenetic relatedness among Cladosporium leaf endophytes predicts their ability to reduce the severity of a poplar leaf rust disease
<p>More closely related organisms are expected to function more similarly than distantly related organisms due to shared ancestry and functional trait heritability. However, there have been few tests of this hypothesis for fungal leaf endophytes, which can modify host plant disease severity by a variety of mechanisms. We tested whether phylogenetic relatedness within <i>Cladosporium</i>, a genus including many common fungal leaf endophyte species, predicts endophyte effects on cottonwood leaf rust disease severity caused by <i>Melampsora ×</i> <i>columbiana</i>. First, we used multilocus sequence typing to infer phylogenetic relationships among 96 <i>Cladosporium </i>isolates collected from wild cottonwood trees growing in Pacific Northwest of North America. Next, we conducted a double-inoculation leaf-disk assay (endophyte inoculated first, then rust pathogen) for a subset of 50 <i>Cladosporium </i>isolates to characterize disease modification for the endophyte isolates; data on endophytes parasitizing rust was collected simultaneously for each isolate. We used generalized linear models to link disease modification and mycoparisitic ability to endophyte phylogeny, while accounting for endophyte geographic origin. We recognized 17 distinct species of <i>Cladosporium</i>; all fifty isolates of <i>Cladosporium</i> reduced rust disease severity in our leaf disk assay (by as much as 79% and as little as 45%). <i>Cladosporium </i>phylogeny was a significant predictor of rust disease severity and was also correlated with mycoparasitism. The geographic origin of the isolates explained only a small amount of the overall variation in disease reduction. Our results demonstrate that fungal endophyte phylogenetic relatedness can help predict differences in endophyte function.</p>
Data from: Clinical EEG slowing correlates with delirium severity and predicts poor clinical outcomes
Objective To determine which findings on routine clinical EEGs correlate with delirium severity across various presentations, and to determine whether EEG findings independently predict important clinical outcomes. Methods We prospectively studied a cohort of non-intubated inpatients undergoing EEG for evaluation of altered mental status. Patients were assessed for delirium within one hour of EEG using the 3-Minute Diagnostic Interview for Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM) and 3D-CAM severity score (3D-CAM-S). EEGs were interpreted clinically by neurophysiologists, and reports were reviewed to identify features such as theta or delta slowing and triphasic waves. Generalized linear models were used to quantify associations between EEG findings, delirium, and clinical outcomes, including length of stay, Glasgow Outcome Scale scores, and mortality. Results We evaluated 200 patients (median age 60 years, IQR 48.5-72); 121 (60.5%) met delirium criteria. The EEG finding most strongly associated with delirium presence was a composite of generalized theta or delta slowing (OR 10.3, 95% CI 5.3-20.1). The prevalence of slowing correlated not only with overall delirium severity (R2 = 0.907), but also with the severity of each feature assessed by CAM-based delirium algorithms. Slowing was common in delirium even with normal arousal. EEG slowing was associated with longer hospitalizations, worse functional outcomes, and increased mortality, even after adjusting for delirium presence or severity. Conclusions Generalized slowing on routine clinical EEG strongly correlates with delirium and may be a valuable biomarker for delirium severity. Additionally, generalized EEG slowing should trigger elevated concern for the prognosis of patients with altered mental status.
Data from: The effect of selection history on extinction risk during severe environmental change
Environments rarely remain the same over time, and populations are therefore frequently at risk of going extinct when changes are significant enough to reduce fitness. While many studies have investigated what attributes of the new environments and of the populations experiencing these changes will affect their probability of going extinct, limited work has been directed toward determining the role of population history on the probability of going extinct during severe environmental change. Here we compare the extinction risk of populations with a history of selection in a benign environment, to populations with a history of selection in one or two stressful environments. We exposed spores and lines of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii from these three different histories to a range of severe environmental changes. We found that the extinction risk was higher for populations with a history of selection in stressful environments compared to populations with a history of selection in a benign environment. This effect was not due to differences in initial population sizes. Finally, the rates of extinction were highly repeatable within histories, indicating strong historical contingency of extinction risk. Hence, information on the selection history of a population can be used to predict their probability of going extinct during environmental change.
Data from: Empirical determination of severe trauma in seals from collisions with tidal turbine blades
1. Tidal energy converters (turbines) are being developed in many countries as part of attempts to reduce reliance on hydrocarbon fuels. However, the moving blades of tidal turbines pose potential collision risks for marine animals. Accurate assessment of mortality risk as a result of collisions is essential for risk management during planning and consenting processes for marine energy developments. In the absence of information on the physical consequences of such collisions, predicting likely risks relies on theoretical collision risk models. The application of these at a population level usually assumes that all collisions result in mortality. This is unlikely and the approach therefore produces upwardly biased estimates of population consequences. 2. In this study, we estimate the pathological consequences of direct collisions with tidal turbines using seal carcasses and physical models of tidal turbine blades. We quantify severe trauma at a range of impact speeds and to different areas of seal carcasses. A dose-response model was developed with associated uncertainty to determine an impact speed threshold of severe trauma to use in future collision risk models. 3. Results showed that severe trauma was: a. restricted to the thoracic region, with no evidence of injury to the lumbar or cervical spine. b. only observed in collision speeds in excess of 5.6 m.s-1 (95% c.i. 4.4 to 6.6). c. affected by body condition; increasing blubber depth reduced the likelihood of severe trauma 4. Synthesis and applications: This study provides important information for policy makers and regulators looking to predict the potential impacts of tidal turbines on marine mammals. We demonstrate that the probability of severe trauma in seals due to collisions with turbine blades is highly dependent upon collision speed, and that the majority of predicted collisions are unlikely to cause fatal skeletal trauma. We recommend that collision risk models incorporate appropriate mortality assumptions to ensure accurate estimates of the population consequences are produced in risk assessments for tidal turbine deployments.
Data from: Desynchronizations in bee-plant interactions cause severe fitness losses in solitary bees
1. Global warming can disrupt mutualistic interactions between solitary bees and plants when increasing temperature differentially changes the timing of interacting partners. One possible scenario is for insect phenology to advance more rapidly than plant phenology. 2. However, empirical evidence for fitness consequences due to temporal mismatches is lacking for pollinators and it remains unknown if bees have developed strategies to mitigate fitness losses following temporal mismatches. 3. We tested the effect of temporal mismatches on the fitness of three spring-emerging solitary bee species, including one pollen specialist. Using flight cages, we simulated (i) a perfect synchronization (from a bee perspective): bees and flowers occur simultaneously, (ii) a mismatch of three days and (iii) a mismatch of six days, with bees occurring earlier than flowers in the latter two cases. 4. A mismatch of six days caused severe fitness losses in all three bee species, as few bees survived without flowers. Females showed strongly reduced activity and reproductive output compared to synchronized bees. Fitness consequences of a three day mismatch were species-specific. Both the early-spring species Osmia cornuta and the mid-spring species Osmia bicornis produced the same number of brood cells after a mismatch of three days as under perfect synchronization. However, O. cornuta decreased the number of female offspring, whereas O. bicornis spread the brood cells over fewer nests, which may increase offspring mortality e.g. due to parasitoids. The late-spring specialist Osmia brevicornis produced fewer brood cells even after a mismatch of three days. Additionally, our results suggest that fitness losses after temporal mismatches are higher during warm than cold springs, as the naturally occurring temperature variability revealed that warm temperatures during starvation decreased the survival rate of O. bicornis. 5. We conclude that short temporal mismatches can cause clear fitness losses in solitary bees. Although our results suggest that bees have evolved species-specific strategies to mitigate fitness losses after temporal mismatches, the bees were not able to completely compensate for impacts on their fitness after temporal mismatches with their food resources.
Data from: Inferences on population history of a seed chalcid wasp: invasion success despite a severe founder effect from an unexpected source population
Most invasive species established in Europe originate from either Asia or North America, but little is currently known about the potential of the Anatolian Peninsula (Asia Minor) and/or the Near East to constitute invasion sources. Mediterranean forests are generally fragile ecosystems that can be threatened by invasive organisms coming from different regions of the Mediterranean Basin, but for which historical data are difficult to gather and the phylogeographic patterns are still poorly understood for most terrestrial organisms. In this study, we characterized the genetic structure of Megastigmus schimitscheki, an invasive seed-feeding insect species originating from the Near East, and elucidated its invasion route in Southeastern France in the mid 1990's. To disentangle the evolutionary history of this introduction, we gathered samples from the main native regions (Taurus Mountains in Turkey, Lebanon and Cyprus) and from the invaded region, that we genotyped using five microsatellite markers and for which we sequenced the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene. We applied a set of population genetic statistics and methods, including approximate Bayesian computation. We proposed a detailed phylogeographic pattern for the Near East populations, and we unambiguously showed that the French invasive populations originated from Cyprus, although the available historical data strongly suggested that Turkey could be the most plausible source area. Interestingly, we could show that the introduced populations were founded from an extremely restricted number of individuals that realized a host switch from Cedrus brevifolia to C. atlantica. Evolutionary hypotheses are discussed to account for this unlikely scenario.
Data from: Overexpression of Dyrk1A is implicated in several cognitive, electrophysiological and neuromorphological alterations found in a mouse model of Down syndrome
Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes result from the overexpression of several dosage-sensitive genes. The DYRK1A (dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A) gene, which has been implicated in the behavioral and neuronal alterations that are characteristic of DS, plays a role in neuronal progenitor proliferation, neuronal differentiation and long-term potentiation (LTP) mechanisms that contribute to the cognitive deficits found in DS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Dyrk1A overexpression on the behavioral and cognitive alterations in the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse model, which is the most commonly utilized mouse model of DS, as well as on several neuromorphological and electrophysiological properties proposed to underlie these deficits. In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic differences in the progeny obtained from crosses of TS females and heterozygous Dyrk1A (+/−) male mice. Our results revealed that normalization of the Dyrk1A copy number in TS mice improved working and reference memory based on the Morris water maze and contextual conditioning based on the fear conditioning test and rescued hippocampal LTP. Concomitant with these functional improvements, normalization of the Dyrk1A expression level in TS mice restored the proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal cells in the adult dentate gyrus (DG) and the density of GABAergic and glutamatergic synapse markers in the molecular layer of the hippocampus. However, normalization of the Dyrk1A gene dosage did not affect other structural (e.g., the density of mature hippocampal granule cells, the DG volume and the subgranular zone area) or behavioral (i.e., hyperactivity/attention) alterations found in the TS mouse. These results suggest that Dyrk1A overexpression is involved in some of the cognitive, electrophysiological and neuromorphological alterations, but not in the structural alterations found in DS, and suggest that pharmacological strategies targeting this gene may improve the treatment of DS-associated learning disabilities.
Data from: Calling louder and longer: how bats use biosonar under severe acoustic interference from other bats
Active-sensing systems such as echolocation provide animals with distinct advantages in dark environments. For social animals, however, like many bat species, active sensing can present problems as well: when many individuals emit bio-sonar calls simultaneously, detecting and recognizing the faint echoes generated by one's own calls amid the general cacophony of the group becomes challenging. This problem is often termed 'jamming' and bats have been hypothesized to solve it by shifting the spectral content of their calls to decrease the overlap with the jamming signals. We tested bats' response in situations of extreme interference, mimicking a high density of bats. We played-back bat echolocation calls from multiple speakers, to jam flying Pipistrellus kuhlii bats, simulating a naturally occurring situation of many bats flying in proximity. We examined behavioural and echolocation parameters during search phase and target approach. Under severe interference, bats emitted calls of higher intensity and longer duration, and called more often. Slight spectral shifts were observed but they did not decrease the spectral overlap with jamming signals. We also found that pre-existing inter-individual spectral differences could allow self-call recognition. Results suggest that the bats' response aimed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and not to avoid spectral overlap.
Data from: The role of plasma and urine metabolomics in identifying new biomarkers in severe newborn asphyxia: a study of asphyxiated newborn pigs following cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Background: Optimizing resuscitation is important to prevent morbidity and mortality from perinatal asphyxia. The metabolism of cells and tissues is severely disturbed during asphyxia and resuscitation, and metabolomic analyses provide a snapshot of many small molecular weight metabolites in body fluids or tissues. In this study metabolomics profiles were studied in newborn pigs that were asphyxiated and resuscitated using different protocols to identify biomarkers for subject characterization, intervention effects and possibly prognosis. Methods: A total of 125 newborn Noroc pigs were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated and inflicted progressive asphyxia until asystole. Pigs were randomized to resuscitation with a FiO2 0.21 or 1.0, different duration of ventilation before initiation of chest compressions (CC), and different CC to ventilation ratios. Plasma and urine samples were obtained at baseline, and 2 h and 4 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC, heart rate > = 100 bpm). Metabolomics profiles of the samples were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: Plasma and urine showed severe metabolic alterations consistent with hypoxia and acidosis 2 h and 4 h after ROSC. Baseline plasma hypoxanthine and lipoprotein concentrations were inversely correlated to the duration of hypoxia sustained before asystole occurred, but there was no evidence for a differential metabolic response to the different resuscitation protocols or in terms of survival. Conclusions: Metabolic profiles of asphyxiated newborn pigs showed severe metabolic alterations. Consistent with previously published reports, we found no evidence of differences between established and alternative resuscitation protocols. Lactate and pyruvate may have a prognostic value, but have to be independently confirmed.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.