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opennotspecifiedMay 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Phytoconstituents from Vernonia glaberrima Welw. Ex O. Hoffm. leaves and their cytotoxic activities on a panel of human cancer cell lines

Fig. 1. Photograph of Vernonia glaberrima (personally taken by Alhassan AM in Nasarawa LGA, Nasarawa State, Nigeria on 12, May, 2015).

opennotspecifiedMay 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in Phytoconstituents from Vernonia glaberrima Welw. Ex O. Hoffm. leaves and their cytotoxic activities on a panel of human cancer cell lines

Fig. 2. Structures of isolated compounds from Vernonia glaberrima leaves viz., nonacosanoic acid (1), lupeol (2), 5-methylcoumarin-4-β-glucoside (3) and 4-hydroxy-5-methylcoumarin (4).

opennotspecifiedMay 2018View details →

Fig. 3 in Phytoconstituents from Vernonia glaberrima Welw. Ex O. Hoffm. leaves and their cytotoxic activities on a panel of human cancer cell lines

Fig. 3. Effect of Vernonia glaberrima leaves crude methanolic extract on cancer cells viability as determined by MTS assay.

opennotspecifiedMar 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Callus cultures of Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn.; production of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity

Fig. 2. Iridoid (A, B) and phenylethanoid (C,D) glycoside contents estimated by HPLC in cotyledon-derived callus lines of H.procumbens in long-term cultures. The calli were cultured on SH medium with 0.5 or 2 mg L −1 picloram (CP0.5 and CP2 callus lines,respectively) or NAA (0.2 mg L −1) and BAP (1 mg L −1) (CNB callus line).* trace (content <0.01 mg g −1 DW).Results are means ± standard error (SE) from three independent experiments; for each metabolite, values with different letters are significantly different according to the Kruskal–Wallis test (p ≤ 0.05).

opennotspecifiedMar 2016View details →

Fig. 1. H.procumbens cotyledon-derived callus tissues grown for 4 in Callus cultures of Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn.; production of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity

Fig. 1. H.procumbens cotyledon-derived callus tissues grown for 4 weeks in Erlenmeyer flasks on agar SH medium with 0.5 mg L−1 picloram (CP0.5 callus line) (A), 2 mg L−1 picloram (CP2 callus line) (B), 0.2 mg L −1 NAA and 1 mg L −1 BAP (CNB callus line) (C). Bar 1 cm.

A first tentative of Structural Health Monitoring considering the Joule effect and active thermographic techniques

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Deep Dive into TA Comments on Physics Lab Reports Stimulates [Pro]Active Physics

This Zenodo research data repository hosts the comprehensive data and analysis associated with the paper, "Deep Dive into TA Comments on Physics Lab Reports Stimulates [Pro]Active Physics," which is currently under review with APS Physical Review Physics Education Research (PRPER). The repository contains eight interactive Jupyter Notebooks (.ipynb format), developed in Python, which facilitate reproducibility and deeper engagement with the analyses. Additionally, five data sets in .xlsx format are provided, encompassing the raw data and processed datasets central to the study's findings.

opennotspecifiedMar 2019View details →

Fig. 2 in Acute toxicity and antiproliferative and procoagulant activities of fractions derived from Thymus satureioides of the Moroccan High Atlas

Fig. 2. Antiproliferative effect of T. satureioides CE in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Results are presented as the mean ± SD and analysed with One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test, n = 3. *P <.001 vs. control.

Discovery of a Non-Competitive Open-Flap Selective Inhibitor of Plasmepsin II with Antiplasmodial Activity

Here, we predicted that Plasmepsin II (PlmII) can explore open-flap conformations not sampled for the human aspartic proteases: Cathepsin D, Renin, and Pepsin along µs molecular dynamics simulations. We discovered two PlmII non-competitive selective inhibitors: SPB07935 and RH01201, with Ki values in the µM range by targeting the open-flap conformations. Both compounds did not inhibit the human Cathepsin D (hCatD) at high concentrations. We predicted that SPB07935 and RH01201 bind stably to the flap cryptic pocket, keeping this hairpin in an open or semi-open conformation along the MD simulations, respectively. Significantly, SPB07935 inhibited the P. falciparum chloroquine-resistant strain FcB1 growth in vitro, with an IC50 value of 8 µM while having a lower toxicity for HEK-293 human cells (IC50 = 189 µM).

Data for Article "Climate change activity in small and medium-sized Polish towns"

Research Data for Article "Climate change activity in small and medium-sized Polish towns" ZIP file contains: - spreadsheet with anonymised survey data - 10 text files with anonymised interviews with research subjects. The interviews have been edited for clarity (technical parts with no connection to the research have been omitted). The interviews and surveys have been uploaded in the original language.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

Data from: Loci controlling nitrate reductase activity in maize: ultraviolet-B signaling in aerial tissues increases nitrate reductase activity in leaf and root when responsive alleles are present

Environmental factors, such as ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation, have the ability to affect pathways such as nitrogen metabolism. As fixed nitrogen is the keystone mineral nutrient that controls grain crop yield, any alteration in this cycle can be detrimental to plant productivity. Nitrate reductase enzyme activity is responsible for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, and nitrate is the major form of nitrogen assimilated in plants. In maize (Zea mays L.) production, nitrate assimilation kinetics are important for both high- and low-input agricultural systems. Nitrate reductase protein activity is controlled by phosphatases and kinases. Nitrate reductase activity is responsive to environmental signals such as light–dark cycles and UV-B radiation, although the regulatory controls are not yet fully understood. We have determined the location of maize genetic factors that control nitrate reductase activity and the extent of contribution of each of these factors, both locally in the leaf tissue and via long-distance signaling loci that affect root nitrate reductase activity upon leaf UV irradiation. In the IBM94 recombinant inbred mapping population, the loci controlling regulation of nitrate reductase activity under UV-B map to different positions than the loci controlling nitrate reductase activity in unexposed plants.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Cannibalism and activity rate in larval damselflies increase along a latitudinal gradient as a consequence of time constraints

Background: Predation is ubiquitous in nature. One form of predation is cannibalism, which is affected by many factors such as size structure and resource density. However, cannibalism may also be influenced by abiotic factors such as seasonal time constraints. Since time constraints are greater at high latitudes, cannibalism could be stronger at such latitudes, but we know next to nothing about latitudinal variation in cannibalism. In this study, we examined cannibalism and activity in larvae of the damselfly Lestes sponsa along a latitudinal gradient across Europe. We did this by raising larvae from the egg stage at different temperatures and photoperiods corresponding to different latitudes. Results: We found that the more seasonally time-constrained populations in northern latitudes and individuals subjected to greater seasonal time constraints exhibited a higher level of cannibalism. We also found that activity was higher at north latitude conditions, and thus correlated with cannibalism, suggesting that this behaviour mediates higher levels of cannibalism in time-constrained animals. Conclusions: Our results go counter to the classical latitude-predation pattern which predicts higher predation at lower latitudes, since we found that predation was stronger at higher latitudes. The differences in cannibalism might have implications for population dynamics along the latitudinal gradients, but further experiments are needed to explore this.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

Data from: Shrub encroachment does not reduce the activity of some soil enzymes in Mediterranean semiarid grasslands

Shrub encroachment is a worldwide phenomenon with implications for desertification and global change. We evaluated its effects on the activities of urease, phosphatase and b-glucosidase in Mediterranean semiarid grasslands dominated by Stipa tenacissima by sampling 12 sites with and without resprouting shrubs along a climatic gradient. The presence of shrubs affected the evaluated enzymes at different spatial scales. Soils under S. tenacissima tussocks and in bare ground areas devoid of vascular plants had higher values of phosphatase and urease when the shrubs were present. For the b-glucosidase, this effect was site-specific. At the scale of whole plots (30 m 30 m), shrubs increased soil enzyme activities between 2% (b-glucosidase) and 22% (urease), albeit these differences were significant only in the later case. Our results indicate that shrub encroachment does not reduce the activity of extracellular soil enzymes in S. tenacissima grasslands.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Rupture Process of the 2020 Mw7.0 Samos earthquake and its effect on surrounding active faults

Here we have archived available geodetic and strong motion data that accompany the article 'Rupture Process of the 2020 Mw7.0 Samos earthquake and its effect on surrounding active faults'.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Convergence in organ size but not energy metabolism enzyme activities among wild Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species pairs

The repeated evolution of similar phenotypes by similar mechanisms can be indicative of local adaptation, constraints or biases in the evolutionary process. Little is known about the incidence of physiological convergence in natural populations, so here we test whether energy metabolism in 'dwarf' and 'normal' Lake Whitefish evolves by similar mechanisms. Prior genomic and transcriptomic studies have found that divergence in energy metabolism is key to local adaptation in whitefish species pairs, but that distinct genetic and transcriptomic changes often underlie phenotypic evolution among lakes. Here, we predicted that traits at higher levels of biological organization, including the activities of energy metabolism enzymes (the product of enzyme concentration and turnover rate) and the relative proportions of metabolically active tissues (heart, liver, skeletal muscle), would show greater convergence than genetic and transcriptomic variation. We compared four whitefish species pairs and found convergence in organ size whereby all dwarf whitefish populations have a higher proportion of red skeletal muscle, three have relatively larger livers and two have relatively larger ventricles than normal fish. On the other hand, hepatic and muscle enzyme activities showed little convergence and were largely dependent on lake of origin. Only the most genetically divergent species pair (Cliff Lake) displayed white muscle enzyme activities matching results from laboratory-reared normal and dwarf whitefish. Overall, these data show convergence in the evolution of organ size, but not in the activities of candidate enzymes of energy metabolism, which may have evolved mainly as a consequence of demographic or ecological differences among lakes.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Constitutive innate immunity of tropical House Wrens varies with season and reproductive activity

In lowland Neotropical regions, where air temperature and day length remain relatively constant year-round, seasonality is determined primarily by changes in rainfall. The wet season triggers the start of breeding for many Neotropical birds, but also alters the antigenic environment, likely increasing the risk of disease transmission. We explored two hypotheses about temporal variation in constitutive innate immunity of a Neotropical bird, the House Wren (Troglodytes aedon). One hypothesis proposes that Neotropical wrens up-regulate their immune function in the wet season either in anticipation of or in response to vectors that become more prevalent. A second hypotheses proposes that during periods of putative high resource demand, such as when parents are feeding young, immune function would be compromised and downregulated. Controlling for reproductive stage, we found that microbicidal capacity of blood against Escherichia coli was higher in the wet than the dry season, consistent with the antigen response hypothesis. Phagocytosis of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus did not differ between wet and dry seasons. Microbicidal capacity and H/L-ration of tropical House Wrens did not vary among reproductive stages, and our data offered no support for the idea that immune function is compromised during the period when parents are feeding young.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Transition from conventional to light-emitting diode street lighting changes activity of urban bats

Light pollution is rapidly increasing and can have deleterious effects on biodiversity, yet light types differ in their effect on wildlife. Among the light types used for street lamps, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are expected to become globally predominant within the next few years. In a large-scale field experiment, we recorded bat activity at 46 street lights for 12 nights each and investigated how the widespread replacement of conventional illuminants by LEDs affects urban bats: we compared bat activity at municipal mercury vapour (MV) street lamps that were replaced by LEDs with control sites that were not changed. Pipistrellus pipistrellus was the most frequently recorded species; it was 45% less active at LEDs than at MV street lamps, but the activity did not depend on illuminance level. Light type did not affect the activity of Pipistrellus nathusii, Pipistrellus pygmaeus or bats in the Nyctalus/Eptesicus/Vespertilio (NEV) group, yet the activity of P. nathusii increased with illuminance level. Bats of the genus Myotis increased activity 4·5-fold at LEDs compared with MV lights, but illuminance level had no effect. Decreased activity of P. pipistrellus, which are considered light tolerant, probably paralleled insect densities around lights. Further, our results suggest that LEDs may be less repelling for light-averse Myotis spp. than MV lights. Accordingly, the transition from conventional lighting techniques to LEDs may greatly alter the anthropogenic impact of artificial light on urban bats and might eventually affect the resilience of urban bat populations. Synthesis and applications. At light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the competitive advantage – the exclusive ability to forage on insect aggregations at lights – is reduced for light-tolerant bats. Thus, the global spread of LED street lamps might lead to a more natural level of competition between light-tolerant and light-averse bats. This effect could be reinforced if the potential advantages of LEDs over conventional illuminants are applied in practice: choice of spectra with relatively little energy in the short wavelength range; reduced spillover by precisely directing light; dimming during low human activity times; and control by motion sensors. Yet, the potential benefits of LEDs could be negated if low costs foster an overall increase in artificial lighting.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Within-species tradeoffs in plant-stimulated soil enzyme activity and growth, flowering and seed size

1. Soil microbial communities affect species demographic rates of plants. In turn, plants influence the composition and function of the soil microbiome, potentially resulting in beneficial feedbacks that alter their fitness and establishment. For example, differences in the ability to stimulate soil enzyme activity among plant lineages may affect plant growth and reproduction. 2. We used a common garden study to test differences in plant-stimulated soil enzyme activity between lineages of the same species across developmental stages. 3. Lineages employed different strategies whereby growth, days to flowering and seed size traded-off with plant-stimulated soil enzyme activity. Specifically, the smaller seeded lineage stimulated more enzyme activity at the early stage of development and flowered earlier while the larger seeded lineage sustained lower but consistent enzyme activity through development. 4. We suggest that these lineages, which are both successful invaders, employ distinct strategies (a colonizer and a competitor) and differ in their influence on soil microbial activity. Synthesis. The ability to influence the soil microbial community by plants may be an important trait that trades-off with other growth, flowering and seed size for promoting plant establishment, reproduction and invasion.

opencc-zeroMar 2020View details →

Soil extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometry in China's forests

1. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry links microbial decomposition with nutrient mineralization and improves our understanding of nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Microbial C:N:P acquisition in the topsoil converged at a ratio of 1:1:1 in global ecosystems. However, whether the ratio of microbial acquisition is stable in forest soils, and is applicable among different soil depths remain unknown. 2. Based on large-scale soil sampling in China's forests, we examined the patterns and environmental drivers of the eight most-widely measured enzyme activities and the relevant stoichiometry. 3. We found that the ratio of C:N:P acquisition significantly deviated from 1:1:1. The specific enzyme activities (g SOC-1) did not change significantly with latitude except those for xylosidase and acid phosphatase. Similarly, only the C:P acquisition ratio increased with latitude. Vertically, the specific activities of C-acquiring enzymes mainly increased, N-acquiring enzymes decreased, and P-acquiring enzymes did not change with soil depth. Moreover, all ratios of microbial acquisition decreased, and the percentage of recalcitrant C increased significantly with increasing depth. Our study also showed that temperature and soil C:N ratio were the important factors in explaining the variations in specific enzyme activities and microbial nutrient acquisition. 4. Our results indicated that no constant microbial C:N:P acquisition ratio can be widely recognized, and that SOC quality changed from labile to recalcitrant with depth. We highlight that depth-dependent enzymatic processes should be considered in future SOC dynamic models.