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6,175 results for “Composition”
Fig. 4 in Vegetation of Paektu Mt. alpine tundra and changes of species composition in its ecotone
Fig. 4. Timber-line on Paektu Mt. – transition zone between alpine tundra and light-park larch forest (Larix olgensis) (photo I. Jarolímek).
Isotopic Fuel Compositions in the Sangamon20 Model
<p>The seven csv files each correspond to a different level of fuel burnup in the Sangamon20 (a 20 MWth pebble-bed HTGR) fuel pebbles. fresh_comp.csv provides the composition for UCO in fresh pebbles. 1pass_comp.csv provides the fuel composition in pebbles that have gone through one six month pass, 2pass_comp.csv have been through two six month passes, and so forth.</p>
Age composition of subsistence harvests and total return of sockeye salmon from the Kvichak River
<p>This project aged samples of sockeye salmon harvested in the subsistence fishery in the Kvichak River watershed in 2018 and 2019. Age data were vital to previously funded AKSSF Project #44362 ("Stock Composition of Subsistence Harvests and Total Return of Sockeye Salmon from the Kvichak River"). It was determined in that project's first year that scale reabsorption necessitated using otoliths to age samples rather than scales. Ages from otolith reading combined with stock composition estimates from genetic mixed stock analysis were used to evaluate survival and productivity of brood years 2012–2015 at smolt and returning adult life stages. This project only produced the age reads from otoliths.</p> <p>Knowing the age composition of harvests permits reconstruction of the sockeye salmon return and examination of cohort returns and estimation of marine survival. This project dovetailed with AKSSF Project #44362 (Stock Composition of Subsistence Harvests and Total Return of Sockeye Salmon from the Kvichak River) by pairing age composition data with genetic stock composition data. Accurate age data are key to fisheries management. Harvests from in five communities along the Kvichak River were sampled (Kokhanok, Pedro Bay, Iliamna-Newhalen, Nondalton and Port Alsworth). Otoliths were collected during 2017, 2018, and 2019 to use to estimate the age.</p>
Nematodes community composition and environmental parameters, Eastern Antarctic Peninsula
<p>This study provides a snapshot of the largely understudied meiobenthic and nematode communities in the Prince Gustav Channel and Duse Bay. We compared five stations sampled at different water depths along the shelf and investigated their meiobenthic community structure. We approached nematode biodiversity comparing traditional taxonomic identification and high throughput sequencing (HTS), with the use of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). Additionally, we characterized the environment by primary production proxies, grain size and seasonal ice conditions. Our results suggest that the availability of organic matter and its freshness are responsible for the high densities found at all depths. However, potential factors influencing the high local and regional variability of meiofauna density and biodiversity are less clear. A bathymetric transect consisting of three stations in Duse Bay (200 m, 500 m and 1000 m depth) showed increasing pigment concentrations in the first centimeters of the sediment vertical profile with increasing water depth, whereas the meiofauna densities showed the opposite trend. The deepest station of Duse Bay seems to function as a sink for fine material as supported by the higher silt fraction and higher organic matter concentrations. When comparing the two basins in the Prince Gustav Channel (1000 m and 1250 m) and the one in Duse Bay (1000 m), differences in terms of environmental variables, meiofaunal densities and composition were observed. The deepest basin in Prince Gustav Channel is located further South (closer to the highly unstable Larsen area), and marked differences with the other basins suggest that it might be experiencing different conditions as a result of its presence near the summer ice margin and its more elongated topography. Both, the shallowest and the deepest stations showed the highest number of unique sequences, suggesting a more biodiverse nematode assemblage. The morphological identification did not show significant differences in the biodiversity of all stations which suggests that molecular approaches can be more efficient for biodiversity studies. However the lack of reference sequences in online databases is still an important issue to consider as it potentially leads to underestimations of biodiversity and functional traits.</p>
Intraspecific trait variation and species turnover mediate grazing impacts on above- and below-ground functional trait composition of plant communities
<ol> <li>Although grazing has significant impacts on plant functional traits and community composition in grasslands, few studies have simultaneously explored how plant above- and below-ground traits and community functional composition respond to grazing.</li> <li>Using a grazing manipulation experiment with seven levels of grazing intensity (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9 sheep ha<sup>-1</sup>) in the Inner Mongolia grassland, we partitioned the roles of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) and species turnover underlying the grazing induced changes in above- and below-ground functional trait composition of plant communities. Six aboveground traits (i.e. plant height, plant aboveground biomass, plant density, leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf density) and three root traits (average root diameter, ARD; specific root length, SRL; and root tissue density, RTD) of the first-, second- and third-order roots (1<sup>st</sup>-, 2<sup>nd</sup>-, and 3<sup>rd</sup>-) were measured at the plant individual level. </li> <li>At the community level, plant above-ground traits shifted towards grazing avoidance strategy (e.g. plant height and leaf area decreased), and below-ground traits shifted towards conservative strategy (i.e. 1<sup>st</sup>-SRL and 2<sup>nd</sup>-SRL decreased, 1<sup>st</sup>-RTD and 2<sup>nd</sup>-ARD increased) with increasing grazing intensity. Functional tradeoffs were found between plant individual biomass and plant density, and between leaf area and leaf density under grazing. However, community-weighted mean SRL (SRL<sub>CWM</sub>) and ARD (ARD<sub>CWM</sub>) of different root orders exhibited functional coordination under grazing pressure. SLA<sub>CWM</sub> and SRL<sub>CWM</sub> also showed synergistic responses to grazing.</li> <li> The ITV plays a predominant for the changes in above- and below-ground functional trait composition at the community level. However, changes in mean trait values among plant species with different resource use strategies were mainly triggered by species turnover. For species with different resource use strategies, grazing exhibited a coordinated effects on ITV but an offset effect on species turnover.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis.</i> Our results demonstrate that both the above- and below-ground trait composition of plant communities shifted toward conservative strategy under long-term grazing. This study highlights the effects of ITV and species turnover that govern the grazing-induced changes in functional trait composition of plant communities, and has important implications for grazing management in semiarid grasslands.</li> </ol>
Stock composition of subsistence harvests and total return of sockeye salmon from the Kvichak River
<p>This project will reconstruct the total return of sockeye salmon to the Kvichak River to identify: 1) which of four stocks are most utilized by subsistence fisheries; 2) when these stocks migrate through the commercial fishery and escapement monitoring tower; and 3) if there are temporal trends in migration that may allow commercial fisheries managers to protect stocks important to subsistence fisheries. In addition, by building upon existing smolt stock composition data, this project will evaluate survival and productivity of brood years 2012–2015 at smolt and returning adult life stages.</p>
A Comparative Study of the Mechanical Properties of Selected Dental Composites with a Dual-Curing System with Light-Curing Composites
<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Dual-curing composites have a wide spectrum of use in practice (rebuilding, reconstruction, and luting). The characterization of this type of material and comparative study of selected mechanical properties with light-cured materials were carried out for this paper. In this study, we used six materials with a dual-cure system—Bulk EZ, Fill-Up!, StarFill 2B, Rebilda DC, MultiCore Flow, Activa Bioactive-Restorative—and three light-cured materials—Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior, Charisma Classic, and G-aenial Universal Flo. The materials were conditioned for 24 h in water at 37 °C before testing. Selected material properties were determined: three-point bending flexural strength, diametral tensile strength, hardness, microhardness, and shrinkage stress. The highest three-point bending flexural strength (TPB) was 137.0 MPa (G-aenial Universal Flo), while the lowest amounted to 86.5 MPa (Activa Bioactive). The diametral tensile strength (DTS) values were in a range from 39.2 MPa (Rebilda DC) to 54.1 MPa (Charisma Classic). The lowest hardness (HV) value of 26 was obtained by the Activa Bioactive material, while the highest values were recorded for Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior and Charisma Classic-53 . The shrinkage stress of the tested materials ranged from 6.3 MPa (Charisma Classic) to 13.2 MPa (G-aenial Universal Flo). Dual-curing composites were found to have similar properties to light-cured composites.</p>
Fatty acid composition data for producers and consumers
<p>The nutritional diversity of resources can affect the adaptive evolution of consumer metabolism and consumer diversification. The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have a high potential to affect consumer fitness, through their widespread effects on reproduction, growth, and survival. However, few studies consider the evolution of fatty acid metabolism within an ecological context. In the paper associated with this dataset, we document the extensive diversity in both primary producer and consumer fatty acid distributions among major ecosystems, between habitats, and among species within habitats. This dataset on fatty acid composition on primary producers and consumers from marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems is used to create Figure 2 in the paper. The data consists of alpha linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), EPA, and DHA as percent of total fatty acids.</p>
Elemental composition of intertidal shellfish sandbanks sediment samples within Ría de Arousa, Spain
<p>The GEOMA Research group from the University of Vigo implements a solution to improve the knowledge of the sediment dynamics, the stability of the ecosystem substratum, and its response to the predicted Climate Change outcome (INTERM). The INTERM solution is based on sedimentological monitoring of sandbanks at specific locations of clam exploitation in the Ría de Arousa (Pontevedra, Spain).</p> <p>Here we show the results of X-ray Fluorescence analysis carried out on the bulk fraction of sediment samples collected in six locations with current (Camaxe, Xastelas, O Sarrido, Lavanqueira, and O Bohido) or stopped (Lombos de Ulla) shellfish activity. The analyses were conducted at the CACTI facilities (Uvigo) using an X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer by Wave Scattering (Siemens SRS3000).</p> <p>This study is part of the “Accelerating and upscaling transformational adaptation in Europe: demonstration of water-related innovation packages (TRANSFORMAR)” coordinated by the Universiteit Antwerpen and funded by the European Union’s Horizon program (H2020_101036683).</p> <p>In this version:</p> <ul> <li> New measurements added</li> <li>Order of Xastelas samples (May 2023) corrected</li> <li>Minor errors corrected</li> </ul>
Figure 1 from: Vilisics F, Bogyó D, Sattler T, Moretti M (2012) Occurrence and assemblage composition of millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) and terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) in urban areas of Switzerland. ZooKeys 176: 199-214. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2153
Figure 1 - Abundances of isopods and millipedes in Zurich, Lucerne and Lugano in logarithmic scale. Dashed line separates isopods (on the left) from millipedes. Black bars represent abundances, white circles show the species' incidences per all sites per city.
Figure 5 from: Riley K, Browne R (2011) Changes in ground beetle diversity and community composition in age structured forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 601-621. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2102
Figure 5 - Relative abundance across the forest age gradient for a representative species from each of the indicator classes (see text for definitions of indicator classes).
Figure 4 from: Riley K, Browne R (2011) Changes in ground beetle diversity and community composition in age structured forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 601-621. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2102
Figure 4 - Proportions of carabid populations brachypterous and macropterous for five forest age classes. Significant differences occurred for all forest age classes except the zero age class (χ2 < 0.05).
Figure 3 from: Riley K, Browne R (2011) Changes in ground beetle diversity and community composition in age structured forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 601-621. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2102
Figure 3 - Results of Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis for 33 study sites. The analysis was based on the 17 most common carabid beetle species from five forest age classes (0, 10, 50, 85, and 150 years). Each the five polygons represent different forest age classes, as indicated by different symbols.
Figure 2 from: Riley K, Browne R (2011) Changes in ground beetle diversity and community composition in age structured forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 601-621. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2102
Figure 2 - Carabid beetle species accumulation curves for five forest age classes. Vertical line indicates species richness of each curve at n = 233 individuals.
Figure 3 from: Esqueda-González M, Ríos-Jara E, Galván-Villa C, Rodríguez-Zaragoza F (2014) Species composition, richness, and distribution of marine bivalve molluscs in Bahía de Mazatlán, México. ZooKeys 399: 43-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.399.6256
Figure 3 - Observed and expected bivalves species accumulation curves, with nonparametric indices Chao 2, Jackknife 1, and Jackknife 2, of four sites of Bahía de Mazatlán (a–d). Plots were constructed with 10,000 non-replacement iterations.
Figure 2 from: Esqueda-González M, Ríos-Jara E, Galván-Villa C, Rodríguez-Zaragoza F (2014) Species composition, richness, and distribution of marine bivalve molluscs in Bahía de Mazatlán, México. ZooKeys 399: 43-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.399.6256
Figure 2 - Observed and expected bivalves species accumulation curves, with nonparametric indices Chao 2, Jackknife 1, and Jackknife 2, in the three environments of Bahía de Mazatlán (a–c). Plots were constructed with 10,000 non-replacement iterations.
Figure 5 from: Esqueda-González M, Ríos-Jara E, Galván-Villa C, Rodríguez-Zaragoza F (2014) Species composition, richness, and distribution of marine bivalve molluscs in Bahía de Mazatlán, México. ZooKeys 399: 43-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.399.6256
Figure 5 - Crassinella aff. pacifica. Length = 4.92 mm A Exterior of right valve B Exterior of left valve C Interior of right valve D Interior of left valve E Dorsal view of both valves joined. Scale = 1 mm. Venados Island, Bahía de Mazatlán, México. LEMA-BI-14. Photography credit: Paul Valentich-Scott.
Figure 4 from: Esqueda-González M, Ríos-Jara E, Galván-Villa C, Rodríguez-Zaragoza F (2014) Species composition, richness, and distribution of marine bivalve molluscs in Bahía de Mazatlán, México. ZooKeys 399: 43-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.399.6256
Figure 4 - Average taxonomic distinctness (∆+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ+) of bivalves assemblages in the four sites (a and b), in the three environments (c and d) and in the sites by environments of Bahía de Mazatlán (e and f). The continuous line shows confidence intervals at 95% and the dashed line shows values ∆+ & Λ+. The statistical significance of ∆+ & Λ+ were tested using 1,000 permutations. Abbreviations as in Table 3.
Figure 11 from: Csiki-Sava Z, Buffetaut E, Ősi A, Pereda-Suberbiola X, Brusatte SL (2015) Island life in the Cretaceous - faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago. ZooKeys 469: 1-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.469.8439
Figure 11 - Continental paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous, highlighting the position of the European paleobioprovince (yellow dotted line). A Global paleogeography during the relative sea-level highstand period of the Turonian, showing maximum geographical fragmentation of Europe B Global paleogeography during the relative sea-level lowstand period of the latest Maastrichtian, showing significant extension of emergent areas. Abbreviations: AFR Africa; ANT Antarctica; APP Appalachia; AUS Australia; CAS Central (or Middle) Asia; EAS Eastern Asia; EUR Europe; IN India; IN-M Indo-Malagasy Landmass; LAR Laramidia; MA Madagascar; NAM North America; SAM South America; WAF western Africa. Base maps courtesy of R. Blakey.
Figure 12 from: Csiki-Sava Z, Buffetaut E, Ősi A, Pereda-Suberbiola X, Brusatte SL (2015) Island life in the Cretaceous - faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago. ZooKeys 469: 1-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.469.8439
Figure 12 - Diversity of Late Cretaceous European titanosaurs, as illustrated by posterior dorsal vertebral size and morphology (all specimens figured in right lateral view, unless specified otherwise). A Atsinganosaurus velauciensis (VBN 93.01), late Campanian, Velaux-La Bastide Neuve, Bouches-de-Rhône, southern France B Ampelosaurus atacis (MDE C3-247), late Campanian–early Maastrichtian, Bellevue, Aude, southern France C Lirainosaurus astibiae (MCNA 7443), late Campanian–early Maastrichtian, Laño, Basque Country, northern Spain D Magyarosaurus dacus (NHMUK R.4896, reversed), Maastrichtian, Sânpetru, Haţeg Basin, Romania E Paludititan nalatzensis (UBB NVM1-43), Maastrichtian, Haţeg Basin, Romania. Scale bars equal 10 cm in A–C and E and 5 cm in D. Photographs A–D courtesy by Verónica Díez Díaz.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.