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10,356 results for “Severity”
Data from: Severe inbreeding depression and no evidence of purging in an extremely inbred wild species - the Chatham Island black robin
Although evidence of inbreeding depression in wild populations is well established, the impact of genetic purging in the wild remains controversial. The contrasting effects of inbreeding depression, fixation of deleterious alleles by genetic drift and the purging of deleterious alleles via natural selection mean that predicting fitness outcomes in populations subjected to prolonged bottlenecks is not straightforward. We report results from a long-term pedigree study of arguably the world's most inbred wild species of bird: the Chatham Island black robin Petroica traversi, in which conditions were ideal for purging to occur. Contrary to expectations, black robins showed a strong, negative relationship between inbreeding and juvenile survival, yielding lethal equivalents (2B) of 6.85. We also determined that the negative relationship between inbreeding and survival did not appear to be mediated by levels of ancestral inbreeding and may be attributed in part to un-purged lethal recessives. Although the black robin demographic history provided ideal conditions for genetic purging, our results show no clear evidence of purging in the major life-history trait of juvenile survival. Our results also show no evidence of fixation of deleterious alleles in juvenile survival, but do confirm that continued high levels of contemporary inbreeding in a historically inbred population could lead to additional severe inbreeding depression.
Data from: Reduced male fertility is common but highly variable in form and severity in a natural house mouse hybrid zone
Barriers to gene flow between naturally hybridizing taxa reveal the initial stages of speciation. Reduced hybrid fertility is a common feature of reproductive barriers separating recently diverged species. In house mice (Mus musculus), hybrid male sterility has been studied extensively using experimental crosses between subspecies. Here, we present the first detailed picture of hybrid male fertility in the European M. m. domesticus – M. m. musculus hybrid zone. Complete sterility appears rare or absent in natural hybrids but a large proportion of males (~30%) have sperm count or relative testis weight below the range in pure subspecies, and likely suffer reduced fertility. Comparison of a suite of traits related to fertility among subfertile males indicates reduced hybrid fertility in the contact zone is highly variable among individuals and ancestry groups in the type, number and severity of spermatogenesis defects present. Taken together, these results suggest multiple underlying genetic incompatibilities are segregating in the hybrid zone, which likely contribute to reproductive isolation between subspecies.
Fig. 11 in Extraordinary morphological changes in valve morphology during the ontogeny of several species of the Australian ostracod genus Bennelongia (Crustacea, Ostracoda)
Fig. 11. Bennelongia sp. 414 nov. sp. from locality CB35a at Wooramel Station (Halse et al. 2000). For the top two rows, all views are dorsal, except top right image which is a ventral view. The bottom row consists of internal views of the two valves of an A-1 specimen. Note that the domes are only visible in A-2, A-3 and A-4 specimens, with possibly a second set of smaller ones positioned anterior to the larger one. The cones, which are few in number, are also very small and only clearly visible in A-3 and A-4 specimens.
Fig. 12 in Extraordinary morphological changes in valve morphology during the ontogeny of several species of the Australian ostracod genus Bennelongia (Crustacea, Ostracoda)
Fig. 12. Bennelongia sp. 414 nov. sp. from locality CB35a at Wooramel Station (Halse et al. 2000). All views are external, except for the right valve displayed at the top right hand corner. As for Figure 11, note that the domes and cones are much more discrete. This is particularly obvious in the bottom image that displays a dorsal view of the carapace of an A-3 juvenile. Note also that the internal view does not show a depression at the location of the dome. The middle right image shows the obvious lateral ridge that defines this new species.
Fig. 15 in Extraordinary morphological changes in valve morphology during the ontogeny of several species of the Australian ostracod genus Bennelongia (Crustacea, Ostracoda)
Fig. 15. Detailed views of the domes and cones of A-3 and A-4 specimens of Bennelongia kimberleyensis Martens et al., 2012 from Taylor's Lagoon. Note the micro-reticulated nature of the domes seen in the top left image in comparison with the rest of the valve the domes are enlarged in the top and bottom images on the right. The bottom left image and middle image on the right clearly show the cones with a lip near the apex and the protruding seta adorning each cone.
Fig. 9 in Extraordinary morphological changes in valve morphology during the ontogeny of several species of the Australian ostracod genus Bennelongia (Crustacea, Ostracoda)
Fig. 9. External views of carapaces of Bennelongia cf. nimala nov. sp. juveniles from Muggon Lake. The top image shows an A-3 left valve, whereas the bottom image shows a RV of an A-4 specimen that has been 'flipped over' digitally, so as to permit comparison of the type of external ornamentation and respective location. The white lines (straight as well as circles and ellipses) permit direct comparison between features. Note the presence of particulate matter as well as diatoms, stuck to the anterior portion of the (flipped over) A-4 RV.
Fig. 10 in Extraordinary morphological changes in valve morphology during the ontogeny of several species of the Australian ostracod genus Bennelongia (Crustacea, Ostracoda)
Fig. 10. External views of A-1 carapaces of Bennelongia cf. nimala nov. sp. juveniles from Muggon Lake. The top image shows an A-1 LV, whereas the bottom image shows a RV of an A-1 specimen that has been 'flipped over' digitally so as to permit comparison of the type of external ornamentation and respective location. Same comments as for Figure 9 concerning the white lines.
FIGURE 2 in Cladotanytarsus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae): several distinctive species reviewed on the basis of records from Canada and USA
FIGURE 2. Cladotanytarsus bilyji Giłka et Puchalski, sp. nov., male. Wing.
Complete and early response to cemiplimab associated to severe immune toxicity in advanced cervical cancer: a case report
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Figs 1–5. Moths, dorsal view. 1 in New and interesting records of Lepidoptera for several Russian regions
Figs 1–5. Moths, dorsal view. 1 – Psilogramma increta (Walker, 1865), ♂, Primorsky Krai; 2, 3 – Enispa lutefascialis (Leech, 1889), ♂, Buryatia; 4 – Metachrostis sinevi Kononenko et Matov, 2009, ♂, Primorsky Krai; 5 – Paragabara curvicornuta Kononenko et Matov, 2010, ♀, Amurskaya Oblast. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Raw data for the article: Investigating the Differential Circulating microRNA Expression in Adolescent Females with Severe Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Proof-of-Concept Observational Clinical Study
<p>Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of three-dimensional spinal disorder in adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18 years of age, most commonly diagnosed in young women when severe disease occurs. Patients with AIS are characterized by abnormal skeletal growth and reduced bone mineral density. The etiology of AIS is thought to be multifactorial, involving both environmental and genetic factors, but to date, it is still unknown. Therefore, it is crucial to further investigate the molecular pathogenesis of AIS and to identify biomarkers useful for predicting curve progression. In this perspective, the relative abundance of a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs) was analyzed in the plasma of 20 AIS patients and 10 healthy controls (HC). The data revealed a significant group of circulating miRNAs dysregulated in AIS patients compared to HC. Further bioinformatic analyses evidenced a more restricted expression of some miRNAs exclusively in severe AIS females. These include some members of the miR-30 family, which are considered promising regulators for treating bone diseases. We demonstrated circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from severe AIS females contained miR-30 family members and decreased the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Proteomic analysis of EVs highlighted the expression of proteins associated with orthopedic disease. This study provides preliminary evidence of a miRNAs signature potentially associated with severe female AIS and suggests the corresponding vesicular component may affect cellular mechanisms crucial in AIS, opening the scenario for in-depth studies on prognostic differences related to gender and grade.</p>
Raw data for the article: Cytokine storm and severe hepatitis in pregnancy due to herpes simplex virus 2
<p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A pregnant woman developed hepatitis due to a herpes simplex virus 2 primary infection with a severe systemic inflammatory response. Treatment with acyclovir and human immunoglobulin was given and both mother and baby survived.</p> <p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We provide the first description of the inflammatory response associated with herpetic hepatitis in pregnancy.</p>
Fig. 18 in Systematic review of the alkaloid constituents in several important medicinal plants of the Genus Corydalis
Fig. 18. Chemical structures of compounds 373–381.
Fig. 14 in Systematic review of the alkaloid constituents in several important medicinal plants of the Genus Corydalis
Fig. 14. Chemical structures of compounds 284–312.
Fig. 15 in Systematic review of the alkaloid constituents in several important medicinal plants of the Genus Corydalis
Fig. 15. Chemical structures of compounds 313–335.
Fig. 17 in Systematic review of the alkaloid constituents in several important medicinal plants of the Genus Corydalis
Fig. 17. Chemical structures of compounds 361–372.
Fig. 16 in Systematic review of the alkaloid constituents in several important medicinal plants of the Genus Corydalis
Fig. 16. Chemical structures of compounds 356–380.
Fig. 13 in Systematic review of the alkaloid constituents in several important medicinal plants of the Genus Corydalis
Fig. 13. Chemical structures of compounds 282, 283.
Fig. 11 in Systematic review of the alkaloid constituents in several important medicinal plants of the Genus Corydalis
Fig. 11. Chemical structures of compounds 215–224.
Fig. 2 in Systematic review of the alkaloid constituents in several important medicinal plants of the Genus Corydalis
Fig. 2. Chemical structures of compounds 38–44.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.