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FIGURES 35–37. Trichotichnus spp., habitus. 35, T in New data on carabid beetles of Trichotichnus s. str. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Yunnan (China) and adjacent areas, with description of six new species and two new subspecies

FIGURES 35–37. Trichotichnus spp., habitus. 35, T. cyrtops (Tschitschérine, 1906) (Yunnan); 36, T. doiinthanonensis Ito, 1997 (Dulongjiang); 37, T. fedorenkoi sp. n. (Tam Dao). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 74–76. Trichotichnus spp., habitus. 74, T. subangulatus Ito, 2021 in New data on carabid beetles of Trichotichnus s. str. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Yunnan (China) and adjacent areas, with description of six new species and two new subspecies

FIGURES 74–76. Trichotichnus spp., habitus. 74, T. subangulatus Ito, 2021 (NNE Tengchong); 75. T.? subangulatus Ito, 2021 (S Longyuan); 76, T. noctuabundus Habu, 1954 (Vietnam). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 73 in New data on carabid beetles of Trichotichnus s. str. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Yunnan (China) and adjacent areas, with description of six new species and two new subspecies

FIGURE 73. Trichotichnus spp., distribution: T. doiinthanonensis Ito, 1997 (circles); T. fedorenkoi sp. n. (squares).

FIGURES 1–2. Trichotichnus anthracinus Landin, 1955 in New data on carabid beetles of Trichotichnus s. str. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Yunnan (China) and adjacent areas, with description of six new species and two new subspecies

FIGURES 1–2. Trichotichnus anthracinus Landin, 1955, habitus (1, Yunnan; 2, Myanmar, holotype). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Stepwise Threshold Clustering: a new method for genotyping MHC loci using next-generation sequencing technology

Genes of the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are of great interest to biologists because of their important role in immunity and disease, and their extremely high levels of genetic diversity. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are quickly becoming the method of choice for high-throughput genotyping of multi-locus templates like MHC in non-model organisms. Previous approaches to genotyping MHC genes using NGS technologies suffer from two problems: 1) a "gray zone" where low frequency alleles and high frequency artifacts can be difficult to disentangle and 2) a similar sequence problem, where very similar alleles can be difficult to distinguish as two distinct alleles. Here were present a new method for genotyping MHC loci – Stepwise Threshold Clustering (STC) – that addresses these problems by taking full advantage of the increase in sequence data provided by NGS technologies. Unlike previous approaches for genotyping MHC with NGS data that attempt to classify individual sequences as alleles or artifacts, STC uses a quasi-Dirichlet clustering algorithm to cluster similar sequences at increasing levels of sequence similarity. By applying frequency and similarity based criteria to clusters rather than individual sequences, STC is able to successfully identify clusters of sequences that correspond to individual or similar alleles present in the genomes of individual samples. Furthermore, STC does not require duplicate runs of all samples, increasing the number of samples that can be genotyped in a given project. We show how the STC method works using a single sample library. We then apply STC to 295 threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) samples from four populations and show that neighboring populations differ significantly in MHC allele pools. We show that STC is a reliable, accurate, efficient, and flexible method for genotyping MHC that will be of use to biologists interested in a variety of downstream applications.

FIGURES 77–86. Trichotichnus subangulatus Ito, 2021 in New data on carabid beetles of Trichotichnus s. str. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Yunnan (China) and adjacent areas, with description of six new species and two new subspecies

FIGURES 77–86. Trichotichnus subangulatus Ito, 2021 (77–79, 82 & 83, Yunnan; 80 & 81, Vietnam; 84–86, T.? subangulatus, Yunnan, Elidang Vill.); 77, 84, terminal lamella of aedeagus; 78–81, 85 & 86, median lobe of aedeagus; 82, gonocoxite; 83, laterotergite, gonosubcoxite, and gonocoxite. Dorsal (77, 79, 81, 84 & 86), lateral (78, 80, 82 & 85) and ventral (83) views. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm (77, 82–84), B = 1.0 mm (78–81, 85 & 86).

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996). in Muridae

The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996).

FIGURES 71–75. Z in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 71–75. Z. weissi sp. n., drawings of male palps (71, 72) and female genitalia (73–75), ventral (71, 73), retrolateral (72), dorsal (74) and posterior (75) views. Scales: 0.15 mm. E—embolus, H—hood of the epigyne, MI—median incision of the posterior epigynal margin, S—spermatheca, Rt—retinaculum, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, TgB—tegular bulge, TgP—tegular projection.

FIGURES 66–70. Z in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 66–70. Z. weissi sp. n., female: habitus (66, 67), epigyne (68–70), dorsal (66, 69), ventral (67, 68) and posterior (69) views. Scales: 1.0 mm (66, 67), 0.2 mm (68–70).

FIGURES 57–60. Z in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 57–60. Z. scutatum, male: habitus (57, 58), and palp (59, 60); dorsal (57), ventral (58, 59) and retrolateral (60) views. Scales: 0.6 mm (57, 58), 0.2 mm (59, 60).

FIGURES 51–56 in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 51–56. Drawings of vulvae: Z. emilijae sp. n. (51, 54), Z. blagoevi (52, 55), Z. zorba (53, 56); dorsal (51–53) and posterior (54–56) views. Scales: 0.15 mm.

FIGURES 45–50 in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 45–50. Photos of vulvae: Z. emilijae sp. n. (45, 48), Z. blagoevi (46, 49), Z. zorba (47, 50); dorsal (45–47) and posterior (48–50) views. Scales: 0.15 mm.

FIGURES 37–44 in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 37–44. Photos (37–40) and drawings (41–44) of epigynes (ventral view): Z. emilijae sp. n. (37, 41), Z. blagoevi (38, 42), Z. epirense (39, 43), Z. zorba (40, 44). Scales: 0.15 mm. CO—copulatory opening, MI—median incision of the posterior epigynal margin, S—spermatheca.

FIGURES 1–8 in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 1–8. Habitus of males: Z. emilijae sp. n. (1, 5), Z. blagoevi (2, 6), Z. epirense (3, 7), Z. zorba (4, 8); dorsal (1–4) and ventral (5–8) views. Scales: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 61–65. Z in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 61–65. Z. weissi sp. n., male: habitus (61, 62) and palp (63–65), dorsal (61), ventral (62, 64), prolateral (63) and retrolateral (65) views. Scales: 1.5 mm (61, 62), 0.2 mm (63–65).

FIGURES 17–28 in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 17–28. Drawings of the male palps: Z. emilijae sp. n. (17–19), Z. blagoevi (20–22), Z. epirense (23–25), Z. zorba (26– 28); ventral (17, 20, 23, 26), retrolateral (19, 22, 25, 28) views and detail: retinaculum (18, 21, 24, 27). Scales: 0.2 mm. DPT— distal prolateral tooth of the retinaculum, E—embolus, PPT—proximal prolateral tooth of the retinaculum, Rt—retinaculum, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, RtI—incision of the retinaculum, TgB—tegular bulge; a—PPT length, b—PPT width at its base, c—width at the RtI opening.

FIGURES 9–16 in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 9–16. Male palps: Z. emilijae sp. n. (9, 13), Z. blagoevi (10, 14), Z. epirense (11, 15), Z. zorba (12, 16); ventral (9–12) and retrolateral (13–16) views. Scales: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 29–36 in New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species

FIGURES 29–36. Habitus of females: Z. emilijae sp. n. (29, 33), Z. blagoevi (30, 34), Z. epirense (31, 35), Z. zorba (32, 36); dorsal (29–32) and ventral (33–36) views. Scales: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 8. Allmania multiflora a in First molecular and morphometric data for the genus Allmania (Amaranthaceae), with the description of a new species from India

FIGURE 8. Allmania multiflora a. habit; b. flower; c., d.,e. bracteoles; f. bract; g. tepal; h. androecial cup; i. gynoecium; j. seed (drawing by V. S. A. Kumar).

FIGURE 6 in First molecular and morphometric data for the genus Allmania (Amaranthaceae), with the description of a new species from India

FIGURE 6. Neighbor-joining tree showing the relationship of Allmania multiflora with related species using concatenated rbcL, matK data. Numbers on the nodes indicate bootstrap percentage (BP).