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FIGURES 20–27. Habitus. 20–23 in List of the type specimens of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in the Hemimetabola Collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
FIGURES 20–27. Habitus. 20–23, Conorhinus lateralis Stål, 1859 [= Triatoma sanguisuga (LeConte, 1855)], lectotype. 20, dorsal. 21, ventral. 22, lateral. 23, labels. 24–27, Conorhinus lecticularius Stål, 1859 [= Triatoma lecticularia (Stål, 1859)], lectotype. 24, dorsal. 25, ventral. 26, lateral. 27, labels. Bars = 5 mm.
FIGURES 52–59. Habitus. 52–55 in List of the type specimens of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in the Hemimetabola Collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
FIGURES 52–59. Habitus. 52–55, Triatoma occulta Neiva, 1911c [= Triatoma lecticularia (Stål, 1859)], holotype. 52, dorsal. 53, ventral. 54, lateral. 55, labels. 56–59, Conorhinus phyllosoma Burmeister, 1835 [= Meccus phyllosoma (Burmeister, 1835)], syntype. 56, dorsal. 57, ventral. 58, lateral. 59, labels. Bars = 5 mm.
FIGURES 84–91. Habitus. 84–87 in List of the type specimens of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in the Hemimetabola Collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
FIGURES 84–91. Habitus. 84–87, Conorhinus variegatus Stål, 1859 [= Triatoma nigromaculata (Stål, 1872)], syntype. 84, dorsal. 85, ventral. 86, lateral. 87, labels. 88–91, Conorhinus vitticeps Stål, 1859 [= Triatoma vitticeps (Stål, 1859)], syntype. 88, dorsal. 89, ventral. 90, lateral. 91, labels. Bars = 5 mm.
FIGURES 316–323. Habitus and type labels. 316–319 in Revision of the genus Bioramix Bates, 1879 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Platyscelidini) from China
FIGURES 316–323. Habitus and type labels. 316–319. Habitus: 316–317. Bioramix yushuana (316. male, holotype; 317. female, paratype); 318. B. pamirensis (male); 319. B. lucidicollis (male). 320–323. Type labels: 320. B. oblongula; 321. B. ovalis (photograph by Keita Matsumoto); 322. B. rotundicollis; 323. Botiras punctatellus (= B. asidioides).
Raw Data of "Runoff and erosive responses to different land-cover types in semiarid environment: Scale effects and controlling factors"
<p>The raw data of manuscript "Runoff and erosive responses to different land-cover types in semiarid environment: Scale effects and controlling factors" </p>
Data from: An ECF-type transporter scavenges heme to overcome iron-limitation in Staphylococcus lugdunensis
<p>Energy-coupling factor type (ECF-transporters) represent trace nutrient acquisition systems. Substrate binding components of ECF-transporters are membrane proteins with extraordinary affinity, allowing them to scavenge trace amounts of ligand. A number of molecules have been described as substrates of ECF-transporters, but an involvement in iron-acquisition is unknown. Host-induced iron limitation during infection represents an effective mechanism to limit bacterial proliferation. We identified the iron-regulated ECF-transporter Lha in the opportunistic bacterial pathogen <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis</i> and show that the transporter is specific for heme. The recombinant substrate-specific subunit LhaS accepted heme from diverse host-derived hemoproteins. Using isogenic mutants and recombinant expression of Lha, we demonstrate that its function is independent of the canonical heme acquisition system Isd and allows proliferation on human cells as sources of nutrient iron. Our findings reveal a unique strategy of nutritional heme acquisition and provide the first example of an ECF-transporter involved in overcoming host-induced nutritional limitation.</p>
Data from: Constraints on song type matching in a songbird
In an eastern population of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), song type matching occurs at above chance levels but does not signal aggressiveness. One explanation for the apparent ineffectiveness of matching as a signal is that the occurrence of matching is constrained by internal rules for ordering the production of song types. This constraint hypothesis is tested here in an experiment in which the singing of territorial male song sparrows is monitored in the field in real time, and subjects are confronted with playback of one of their song types either immediately after switching away from that type (short delay) or after having cycled through much of their repertoire since last singing that type (long delay). Matching was not significantly more likely in the long delay treatment than in the short delay treatment. The probability of matching did, however, depend significantly on prior bout length: the longer was a singer's last bout of a song type, the less likely the singer was to match it. There was also a suggestive effect of frequency of usage: males were more likely to match a song type the more frequently they normally sang that type, though this result was not significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Thus, internal rules on how songs are sequenced exert constraints on the occurrence of song type matching, and such constraints can help to explain the apparent ineffectiveness of matching as a signal in this study population.
Data from: The functional trait space of tree species is influenced by the species richness of the canopy and the type of forest
Analysing how species modify their trait expression along a diversity gradient brings insight about the role that intraspecific variability plays over species interactions, e.g. competition versus complementarity. Here, we evaluated the functional trait space of nine tree species dominant in three types of European forests (a continental-Mediterranean, a mountainous mixed temperate and a boreal) growing in communities with different species richness in the canopy, including pure stands. We compiled whole-plant and leaf traits in 1719 individuals, and used them to quantify species trait hypervolumes in communities with different tree species richness. We investigated changes along the species richness gradient to disentangle species responses to the neighbouring environment, in terms of hypervolume size (trait variance), shape (trait relative importance) and centroid translation (shifts of mean trait values) using null models. Our main results showed differences in trait variance and shifts of mean values along the tree diversity gradient, with shorter trees but with larger crowns in mixed stands. We found constrained functional spaces (trait convergence) in pure stands, suggesting an important intraspecific competition, and expanded functional spaces (trait divergence) in two-species admixtures, suggesting competition release due to interspecific complementarity. Nevertheless, further responses to increasing species richness were different for each forest type, waning species complementarity in sites with limiting conditions for growth. Our results demonstrate that tree species phenotypes respond to the species richness in the canopy in European forests, boosting species complementarity at low level of canopy diversity and with a site-specific pattern at greater level of species richness. These outcomes evidence the limitation of functional diversity measures based only on traits from pure stands or general trait database values.
Trade-off between vegetation type, soil erosion control and surface water in global semi-arid regions: A meta-analysis
<p>Soil erosion control and water resource protection can closely interact during restoration of terrestrial ecosystems. In semi‐arid ecosystems, an urgent issue is how vegetation restoration can achieve the goal of soil erosion mitigation and water conservation, which in turn, feeds back to ecosystem functioning.</p> <p>We reviewed 78 articles from 22 countries in semi‐arid areas to evaluate the effects of vegetation type (i.e. forest, grassland and scrubland) on runoff and sediment yields across different environmental conditions (i.e. vegetation coverage, rainfall intensity, slope gradient and soil texture).</p> <p>Our meta‐analysis shows that runoff and sediment reduction both increased as the vegetation coverage increased, and tended to be stable when vegetation coverage exceeded 60%. Vegetation provided a greater benefit for sediment reduction than for runoff control under intense rainfall. Grasslands were generally more effective in reducing sediment than other vegetation types. Forests, grasslands and scrublands were most efficient in soil erosion control on 20°–30°, 0°–25° and 10°–25° slopes respectively. Grasslands and scrublands generally performed better with respect to soil erosion control on moderately coarse soils, whereas forests were most effective on medium‐textured and moderately fine soils.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications. Effective restoration and soil erosion control in semi‐arid ecosystems strongly depends on the selection of vegetation type. Our study further indicates that, for land managers, it is critical to consider local slope, and soil texture, and maintain appropriate vegetation coverage to achieve ecosystem sustainability. Grasslands might be particularly suitable to optimize the trade‐off between soil erosion control and surface water resource in semi‐arid regions.</p>
The type of leg lost affects habitat use but not survival in a non-regenerating arthropod
<p>Finding shelter and surviving encounters with predators are pervasive challenges for animals. These challenges may be exacerbated after individuals experience bodily damage. Certain forms of damage arise voluntarily in animals, for instance, some taxa release appendages (tails, legs, or other body parts) as a defensive strategy ('autotomy'). This behavior, however, may pose long-term negative consequences for habitat use and survival. Additionally, these putative consequences are expected to vary according to the function of the lost body part. We tested the effects of losing different functional leg types (locomotor or sensory) on future habitat use and survival in a Neotropical species of Prionostemma harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) that undergo frequent autotomy but do not regrow limbs. Daytime surveys revealed that both eight-legged harvestmen and harvestmen missing legs roosted in similar frequencies across habitats (tree bark, mossy tree, or fern), and perched at similar heights. Mark-recapture data showed that harvestmen that lost sensory legs roosted in tree bark less frequently, but on mossy trees more frequently. On the contrary, we did not observe changes in habitat use for eight-legged animals or animals that lost locomotor legs. This change might be related to sensory exploration and navigation. Lastly, we found that recapture rates across substrates were not affected by the type of legs lost, suggesting that leg loss does not impact survival. This potential lack of effect might play a role in why a defensive strategy like autotomy is so prevalent in harvestmen despite the lack of regeneration.</p>
Serum lipidomics in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) deficient mice on chow diet or Western-type Diet (WTD)
<p><b>Aims:</b> A hallmark of advanced atherosclerosis is inadequate immunosuppression by regulatory T (Treg) cells inside atherosclerotic lesions. Dyslipidemia has been suggested to alter Treg cell migration by affecting the expression of specific membrane proteins, thereby decreasing Treg cell migration towards atherosclerotic lesions. Besides membrane proteins, cellular metabolism has been shown to be a crucial factor in Treg cell migration. We aimed to determine whether dyslipidemia contributes to altered migration of Treg cells, in part, by affecting cellular metabolism.</p> <p><b>Methods and results:</b> Dyslipidemia was induced by feeding <i>Ldlr</i><sup>-/- </sup>mice a Western-type diet for 16-20 weeks and intrinsic changes in Treg cells affecting their migration and metabolism were examined. Dyslipidemia was associated with altered mTORC2 signaling in Treg cells, decreased expression of membrane proteins involved in migration, including CD62L, CCR7 and S1Pr1, and decreased Treg cell migration towards lymph nodes. Furthermore, we discovered that diet-induced dyslipidemia inhibited mTORC1 signaling, induced PPARδ activation and increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation in Treg cells. Moreover, mass-spectrometry analysis of serum from <i>Ldlr</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice with normolipidemia or dyslipidemia showed increases in multiple PPARδ ligands during dyslipidemia. Treatment with a synthetic PPARδ agonist increased the migratory capacity of Treg cells <i>in vitro </i>and <i>in vivo</i> in an FA oxidation dependent manner. Furthermore, diet-induced dyslipidemia actually enhanced Treg cell migration into the inflamed peritoneum and into atherosclerotic lesions <i>in vitro</i>.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Altogether, our findings implicate that dyslipidemia does not contribute to atherosclerosis by impairing Treg cell migration as dyslipidemia associated with an effector-like migratory phenotype in Treg cells.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Chironomidae (Diptera) of Croatia with notes on the diversity and distribution in various habitat types
FIGURE 1. Distribution of sampling sites throughout Croatia. Site codes: 1. Kopačko lake, Kopački Rit; 2. Sakadaš lake, Kopački Rit; 3. Biljsko lake, Bilje; 4. Đola, Darda; 5. Fountain I, Osijek; 6. Fountan II, Osijek; 7. Fountain III, Osijek; 8. Jug II urban pond, Osijek; 9. Kupska urban pond, Osijek; 10. Getro urban pond, Osijek; 11. Drava, Osijek; 12. Karašica, Črnkovci; 13. Lapovac; 14. Jošava; 15. Sava, Slavonski Šamac; 16. Sava, Slavonski Brod; 17. Jovanovica, Papuk; 18. Brzaja, Papuk; 19. Sjeverna Pakra; 20. Ljuta Pakra; 21. Rogljica, Psunj; 22. Šumetlica, Psunj; 23. Orljava, Slavonski Kobaš; 24. Sava, Davor; 25. Mura, Goričan; 26. Šoderica, Koprivnica; 27. Drava, Botovo; 28. Česma, Narta; 29. Popovac; 30. Pakra reservoir; 31. Sava, Jasenovac; 32. Fountain, Varaždin; 33. Aqucity, Varaždin; 34. Drava, Varaždin; 35. Danube, upstream Drava; 36. Sutla, Lu- pinjak; 37. Sutla, Zelenjak; 38. Sava, Drenje Brdovečko; 39. Sava, near Bregana; 40. Sava, Podsused; 41. Rakitje; 42. Jarun, Zagreb; 43. Sava, Ščitarjevo; 44. Novo Čiće; 45. Sava, Oborovo; 46. Sava, Dubrovčak; 47. Sava, Tišina; 48. Sava, Galdovo; 49. Kupa, Petrinja; 50. Stupnica, Gornja Stupnica; 51. Kupa, Ozalj-Mahićno; 52. Dobra, Novigrad na Dobri; 53. Mrežnica, Karlovac; 54. Mrežnica, Belavići; 55. Korana, Ladvenjak; 56. Mrežnica, Zvečaj; 57. Dobra, Skukani; 58. Dobra, Gorinci; 59. Dobra, Podumol; 60. Dobra, Lešće; 61. Globornica, Dobrenići; 62. Dobra, Trošmarija; 63. Turpinjska rijeka, Grabovac Krnjački; 64. Korana, Veljun; 65. Sabljaci; 66. Slunjčica, Rastoke; 67. Dobra, Vrbovsko; 68. Dobra, Gornja Dobra; 69. Dobra, izvorište Hlevci; 70. Kupa, Brod na Kupi; 71. Čabranka, Zamost; 72. Križ potok; 73. Lokve reservoir; 74. Rječina spring;75. Tribalj; 76. Jezero Njivice; 77. Ponikve, Krk; 78. Vransko jezero, Cres; 79. Boljunčica izvor; 80. Mirna izvor; 81. Butoniga jezero; 82. Butoniga izvor; 83. Mirna, Istarske toplice; 84. Mirna, Ponte Porton; 85. Rovinj; 86. Kozjak; 87. Crna rijeka spring; 88. Bijela Rijeka spring; 89. Vrba, Ramljani; 90. Gacka, Čovići; 91. Lukina jama; 92. Brušanka; 93. Počiteljica, Ornice; 94. Opsenice Sv. Rok; 95. Štikada; 96. Otuča, Gračac; 97. Butišnica spring; 98. Krupa spring; 99. Zrmanja, Ervenik- ušće u Krupu; 100. Butišnica, Golubić; 101. Radljevac; 102. Zrmanja, Palanka; 103. Zrmanja, Palanka– Ervenik; 104. Razovac reservoir; 105. Vlačine reservoir; 106. Peruća reservoir; 107. Krka, Roški slap; 108. Visovac; 109. Guduća, Bribišnica; 110. Vransko jezero, Biograd na moru; 111. Zeleno jezero; 112. Prološko Blato; 113. Rijeka Jadro spring; 114. Prančevići reservoir; 115. Rijeka Ma- tica, Vrgorac; 116. Neretva delta; 117. Sobra, Blatina; 118. Ljuta, Konavle; 119. Danube, Erdut.
Data offspring performance following two-donor crosses at different floral stages and with different competitor types in greenhouse studies of Collinsia heterophylla
<p>Data on two offspring performance traits (seeds per capsule and flower number) in greenhouse studies of Collinsia heterophylla to investigate indirect benefits of mate choice. We performed two-donor pollinations during successive floral stages and with different competitor types (outcross and self) to assess how stigma receptivity and two pollen traits known to affect siring success influence offspring performance. We also investigated the link between seed production in mothers and offspring as an indication of heritability of this trait, and differential resource allocation by studying the influence of sibling performance in the same capsule.</p>
FIGURES 14–15 in The type material of Mordellidae described by Achille Costa (Coleoptera Tenebrionoidea)
FIGURES 14–15. Parameres of Variimorda basalis (Costa, 1854) lectotype. 14, left paramere, dorsal view. 15, right paramere, medial view.
FIGURES 1–13. Lectotype labels. 1 in The type material of Mordellidae described by Achille Costa (Coleoptera Tenebrionoidea)
FIGURES 1–13. Lectotype labels. 1, Tomoxia bucephala Costa, 1854. 2, Mordella coronata Costa, 1854. 3, Mordella inter- rupta Costa, 1854. 4, Mordella basalis Costa, 1854. 5, Mordella brevicauda Costa, 1854. 6, Mordella perspicillata Costa, 1854. 7, Mordellistena stricta Costa, 1854. 8, Mordellistena purpurascens Costa, 1854. 9, Mordellistena picipes Costa, 1854. 10, Mordellistena confinis Costa, 1854. 11, Mordellistena minima Costa, 1854. 12, Natirrica meridionalis Costa, 1854. 13, Mordella viridescens Costa, 1859.
FIGURES 46–51 in The types of skippers described by Shu-Iti Murayama (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
FIGURES 46–51. Pedesta masuriensis (Nepal) and P. tali (Yunnan). 46, upperside of male P. masuriensis, 47, underside of male P. masuriensis, 48, upperside of male P. tali, 49, upperside of male P. tali, 50, male genitalia of of P. masuriensis (genitalia preparation JYL 691), 51, male genitalia of P. tali (genitalia preparation JYL 692). Scale bar = 1 cm (46–49); 1 mm (50–51).
FIGURES 19–36. 19–21. Apostictopterus fulginosus jiangxiensis Murayama, 1983 in The types of skippers described by Shu-Iti Murayama (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
FIGURES 19–36. 19–21. Apostictopterus fulginosus jiangxiensis Murayama, 1983, holotype; 22–24. Aeromachus inachus jiujiangana Murayama, 1983, holotype; 25–27. Pedesta masuriensis cuneomaculata Murayama, 1995, holotype; 28–30. Thoressa dianchiana Murayama, 1995, holotype; 31–33. Thoressa nanshaona Murayama, 1995, holotype; 34–36. Lobocla bifasciata disparalis Murayama, 1995, holotype. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Multiple systems in macaques for tracking prediction errors and other types of surprise
<p>Data and code to reproduce the figures and major analyses in</p> <p>Grohn J, Schüffelgen U, Neubert F-X, Verhagen L, Sallet J, Kolling N, Rushworth MFS. Multiple systems in macaques for tracking prediction errors and other types of surprise. PLOS Biology. 2020.</p>
Types of planning systems and effects on construction material volumes: An explanatory analysis in Europe
<p>The primary aim of this study is to assess the effect of the spatial governance and planning on the utilization of construction materials, based on a panel of 35 European countries between 1995 and 2017. Additionally, the influence of core socio-economic characteristics, namely the GDP per capita, urbanization, and economic structure is assessed as well.</p> <p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105682</p>
Multi-year impact of maternal provisioning on a juvenile elasmobranch: pitfalls of tissue type and tracer number for stable isotope analysis
<p>Stable isotope data and R script for all the analysis referred to in the manuscript.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.