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FIG. 1 in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 1. — Maps of location of the studied samples: A, concerned geographical zones and location of the samples from St. Erth and Fécamp; B, location of the samples from Elorn channel; C, location of the samples from ligerian channel; D, location of the samples from the Carentan basin.

FIG. 29. — A-H, Verulagena turgida n. gen., n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 29. — A-H, Verulagena turgida n. gen., n. sp.: A-D, la Sautré, holotype (MNHN.F.F67728): A, lateral view; B, perforated wall; C, D, oral and basal views; E-H, l'Épinay, paratype (MNHN.F.F67729): E, lateral view; F, perforated wall; G, H, oral and basal views; I-L, Verulagena sp., la Pugle (MNHN.F.F67730): I, lateral view; J, perforated wall; K, L, oral and basal views; M, N, Deuteralagena elegans n. gen., n. sp., Auxais: M, basal internal view; N, enlargement of the aboral tube; O, P, Deuteralagena laguncula n. gen., n. sp., Auxais: O, basal internal view; P, enlargement of the aboral tube. Scale bars: A, E, I, 200 µm; B, F, J, P, 20 µm; C, D, G, H, K, L, M, O, 100 µm; N, 10 µm.

FIG. 11. — A, Laevilagena pyriformis n. gen., n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 11. — A, Laevilagena pyriformis n. gen., n. sp., Mernel, paratype, Mernel (MNHN.F.F67644), basal view; B-D, paratype, la Groussinière (MNHN.F.F67645) lateral, oral and basal views; E-H, Laevilagena sp., la Groussinière (MNHN.F.F67646): E, lateral view; F, pores; G, H, oral and basal views; I-P, Lagena atilai Bertels, 1964: I-L, Fécamp (MNHN.F.F67647-67650); I, lateral view; J, pores; K, L, oral and basal views; M-O, lateral, oral and basal views; P, internal oral view. Scale bars: A, C, D, G, H, K-P, 100 µm; B, E, I, 200 µm; F, 20 µm; J, 5 µm.

FIG. 15. — A-N in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 15. — A-N, Lagena ornaticollis Jones, 1984, n. stat.: A, St. Erth (MNHN.F.F67664), basal view; B-D, Mernel, lateral, oral and basal views; E-H, Mernel (MNHN.F.F67665): E, lateral view, F, perforated wall; G, H, oral and basal views; I-K, Fécamp (MNHN.F.F67666) in lateral, oral and basal views; L-N, SNP (MNHN.F.F67667) in lateral, oral and basal views; O, P, Lagena striata (d'Orbigny, 1839), SGB3 (MNHN.F.F67668), lateral and oral views. Scale bars: A, C, D, G, H, J, K, M-P, 100 µm; B, E, I, L, 200 µm; F, 10 µm.

FIG. 13. — A-D in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 13. — A-D, Lagena digitale Heron-Allen & Earland, 1932: A, l'Épinay (MNHN.F.F67654), basal view; B-D, SGB3 (MNHN.F.F67655), lateral, oral and basal views; E-P, Lagena haidingeri (Cžjžek, 1848): E-L, Brest-LRK2 (MNHN.F.F67656, F67657): E, lateral view; F, perforated wall; G, perforated wall of the neck; H, I, oral and basal views; J-L, lateral, oral and basal views; M-O, l'Épinay (MNHN.F.F67658), lateral, oral and basal views; P, lateral view. Scale bars: A, C, D, H, I, K, L, N, O, 100 µm; B, E, J, M, P, 200 µm; F, G, 5 µm.

FIG. 24. — A-C, Lanternalagena novocrassicarinata n. gen., n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 24. — A-C, Lanternalagena novocrassicarinata n. gen., n. sp., la Groussinière, paratype (MNHN.F.F67707) in lateral view with neck without ornamentation, oral and basal views; D-G, Lanternalagena sp. A, SSL (MNHN.F.F67708): D, lateral view; E, F, oral view and enlargement; G, basal view; H-L, Lanternalagena sp. B, Mernel (MNHN.F.F67709): H, lateral view; I, perforated wall; J, perforated wall on the neck; K, L, oral and basal views; M-O, Lanternalagena sp. C, la Chênelière (MNHN.F.F67710) in lateral, oral and basal views with cracked neck. Scale bars: A, E, J, K, N, 200 µm; B, D, H, I, L, O, P, 100 µm; C, F, G, M, 20 µm.

FIG. 21. — A-M in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 21. — A-M, Lagunculella flexa (Cushman & Gray, 1946), n. comb.: A, SSL (MNHN.F.F67693), basal view; C-F, la Chênelière (MNHN.F.F67694): C, lateral, D, enlargement neck; E, F, oral and basal views; G-J, la Sautré (MNHN.F.F67695): G, lateral view; H, perforated wall; I, J, oral and basal views; K-M, la Pugle (MNHN.F.F67696) in lateral, oral and basal views; N-P, Lagunculella ovoidea n. gen., n. sp., la Pugle, holotype (MNHN.F.F67697) in lateral, oral and basal views. Scale bars: A, B, I, J, N, O, P, 100 µm; C, E, F, G, K, 200 µm; D, L, M, 50 µm; H, 20 µm.

FIG. 18. — A-D in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 18. — A-D, Lagena sulcata (Walker & Jacob,1798), SGB3 (MNHN.F.F67678): A, lateral view; B, perforated wall; C, D, oral and basal views; E-G, Lagena torquiformis Haynes, 1973, SGB3 (MNHN.F.F67679) in lateral, oral and basal views; H-P, Lagena variokoreana n. sp., Brest-LRK2: H-K, holotype (MNHN.F.F67680): H, lateral view; I, perforated wall; J, K, oral and basal views; L, specimen with broken neck; M-O, paratype (MNHN.F.F67681), lateral, oral and basal views; P, internal view. Scale bars: A, E, H, L, M, 200 µm; B, 20 µm; C, D, F, G, J, K, N-P, 100 µm; I, 5 µm.

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Data from: Recent decreases in snow water storage in western North America

We present long-term average and annual Snow Storage Index values over mountainous western North America, intended to represent the snow water storage capacity (and associated change) across the region. The Snow Storage Index represents the temporal phase difference between daily precipitation and surface water inputs – the sum of rainfall and snowmelt into the terrestrial systems – weighted by relative magnitudes. Different from snow water equivalent or snow fraction, the Snow Storage Index represents the degree to which the snowpack delays the timing and magnitude of surface water inputs relative to preciptiation, a fundamental component of how snow water storage influences the hydrologic cycle. Our analysis of a 64-year modeled dataset and 34-year observation dataset shows that the Snow Storage Index has decreased significantly across mountainous, western North America, due primarily to substantially earlier snowmelt and rainfall in spring months, with additional declines in winter precipitation. The Snow Storage Index and associated trends offer a new perspective on hydrologic sensitivity to climate change which have broad implications for water resources and ecosystems.

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Understanding different dominance patterns in western Amazonian forests

Dominance of neotropical tree communities by a few species is widely documented, but dominant trees show a variety of distributional patterns still poorly understood. Here, we used 503 forest inventory plots (93,719 individuals ≥ 2.5 cm diameter, 2,609 species) to explore the relationships between local abundance, regional frequency, and spatial aggregation of dominant species in four main habitat types in western Amazonia. Contrary to the widely supported positive abundance-occupancy relationship in ecology, we found that among dominant Amazonian tree species, there is a strong negative relationship between local abundance and regional frequency and/or spatial aggregation across habitat types. Our findings suggest an ecological trade-off whereby dominant species can be locally abundant (local dominants) or regionally widespread (widespread dominants), but rarely both (oligarchs). Given the importance of dominant species as drivers of diversity and ecosystem functioning, unraveling different dominance patterns is a research priority to direct conservation efforts in Amazonian forests.

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Fig. 8 in Synopsis of the ptereleotrine goby genus Nemateleotris, with description of a new species from the western and central Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Fig. 8. Species of Nemateleotris and their putative hybrids. A, N. helfrichi, underwater photograph from Rarotonga, Cook Islands; B, N. lavandula, new species, underwater photograph from Siaes Tunnel, Palau; C, head profiles of N. helfrichi (left) and N. lavandula, new species, (right) showing difference in colouration of the head and maxilla; D, N. magnifica, underwater photograph from Bali; E–F, N. decora, showing variability in colouration of the anterior body, underwater photograph from Fiji and the Maldives (the latter = N. exquisita sensu Randall & Connell, 2013) respectively; G, putative N. magnifica × N. decora, underwater photograph from Izu Peninsula, Japan; H, putative N. magnifica × N. lavandula, new species, underwater photograph from Okinoerabu Island, Japan. Photographs by: A, P.Jaletzky; B, R. Spangler; C, Y.K. Tea; D, V. Chalias; E, J. Heard; F, M. Harada; G, Y. Yamada; H, K. Uehara.

Fig. 9 in Synopsis of the ptereleotrine goby genus Nemateleotris, with description of a new species from the western and central Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Fig. 9. Frontal head profiles of selected species of Nemateleotris. A, N. helfrichi, aquarium specimen from Cook Islands; B, N. lavandula, new species, ZRC 62990, paratype in life, specimen from Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands, Micronesia; C, N. decora, underwater photograph from Bali, Indonesia; D, N. magnifica, underwater photograph from Bali, Indonesia. Photographs by: A, B-box Aquarium, Japan; B, H.H. Tan; C–D, V. Chalias.

Fig. 7 in Synopsis of the ptereleotrine goby genus Nemateleotris, with description of a new species from the western and central Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Fig. 7. Nemateleotris lavandula, new species, underwater photograph from Siaes Tunnel, Palau. Photograph by: R. Spangler.

Fig. 6 in Synopsis of the ptereleotrine goby genus Nemateleotris, with description of a new species from the western and central Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Fig. 6. Nemateleotris lavandula, new species, underwater photograph from Ogasawara, Japan, 35 m. Note juvenile Cirrhilabrus lunatus (left) and Pycnochromis alleni (above left in background). Photograph by: S. Kobayashi.

Fig. 5 in Synopsis of the ptereleotrine goby genus Nemateleotris, with description of a new species from the western and central Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Fig. 5. Distribution records for selected species of Nemateleotris based on examined specimens and literature records: lavender squares, Nemateleotris lavandula, new species; blue circles, Nemateleotris helfrichi. Type localities represented by outlined symbols.

Fig. 4. A–C in Synopsis of the ptereleotrine goby genus Nemateleotris, with description of a new species from the western and central Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Fig. 4. A–C, Nemateleotris helfrichi; D–F, N. lavandula, new species. A, BPBM 11595, holotype, 43.3 mm SL, Tahiti, Society Islands; B, USNM 410981, 35.6 mm SL, Moorea, Society Islands, French Polynesia; C, ZRC 61811, 62.4 mm SL, aquarium specimen from the Cook Islands; D, BPBM 10153, paratype (also paratype of N. helfrichi), 30.9 mm SL, Rigili Islet, Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands; E–F, ZRC 62990, paratypes, 36.1 mm SL and 29.8 mm SL respectively, aquarium specimens from Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands, Micronesia. Photographs by: A, C, D, J.E. Randall; B, J.T. Williams; E, F, H.H. Tan.

Fig. 1 in Synopsis of the ptereleotrine goby genus Nemateleotris, with description of a new species from the western and central Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Fig. 1. Laterosensory pores and neuromasts based on holotype of Nemateleotris helfrichi (BPBM 11595). A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Letter codes (in blue) for laterosensory pores follow Akihito et al. (1984). ANP, anterior nasal pore; PNP, posterior nasal pore; AOC, anterior oculoscapular canal; PC, preopercular canal; FDF, first dorsal fin. Arrowhead indicates position where gill membranes are attached to the isthmus.

Fig. 3. A in Synopsis of the ptereleotrine goby genus Nemateleotris, with description of a new species from the western and central Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Fig. 3. A pair of Nemateleotris magnifica (middle) in habitat typical of the genus, consisting of sand channels and loose coral rubble. Note the presence of other fishes frequenting this habitat, including Pomacentrus auriventris and Meiacanthus grammistes. Underwater photograph from 15 m, central Sulawesi. Photograph by: V. Chalias.

Fig. 12 in Two new species of the mangrove crab genus Leptarma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from the Western Pacific islands

Fig. 12. Maximum Likelihood (ML) consensus tree of the COX1 gene, focusing on the genus Leptarma; four species of the sister genus Parasesarma were added as outgroups (only confidence values higher than 50% for ML (bootstrap value) are shown.

Fig. 11 in Two new species of the mangrove crab genus Leptarma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from the Western Pacific islands

Fig. 11. Dorsal view of right G1, apical corneous part in A, Leptarma bertrandi, new species, holotype, male (21.4 × 19.3 mm) (MNHN- IU-2022-384), Loyalty Islands; B, Leptarma bertrandi, new species, male (14.5 × 12.5 mm) (ZRC 2019.1331), Vanuatu; C, Leptarma bertrandi, new species, male (18.3 × 16.2 mm) (ZRC 2019.1079), Taiwan; D, Leptarma lenzii (De Man, 1895), lectotype, male (27.0 × 11.28 mm) (Leiden, ZAM CRUS. D. 102653); E, Leptarma lenzii (De Man, 1895), male (11.8 × 9.9 mm) (ZRC 2018.1373), Cocos (Keeling) Islands.