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5,931 results for “laterality”
Supplemental materials for: Peri- and post-pubertal estrogen exposures of female mice optimize uterine responses later in life
<p>At birth, all female mice, including those that either lack estrogen receptor α (ERα-knockout) or that express mutated forms of ERα (AF2ERKI), have a hypoplastic uterus. However, uterine growth and development that normally accompanies pubertal maturation does not occur in ERα-knockout or AF2ERKI mice, indicating ERα mediated estrogen signaling is essential for this process. Mice that lack Cyp19 (aromatase, ArKO mice), an enzyme critical for estrogen (E2) synthesis, are unable to make E2, and lack pubertal uterine development. A single injection of E2 into ovariectomized adult (10 weeks old) females normally results in uterine epithelial cell proliferation, however, we observe that, although ERα is present in the ArKO uterine cells, no proliferative response is seen. We assessed the impact of exposing ArKO mice to E2 during pubertal and post-pubertal windows and observed that E2 exposed ArKO mice acquired growth responsiveness. Analysis of differential gene expression between unexposed ArKO samples and samples from animals exhibiting the ability to mount an E2-induced uterine growth response (WT or E2 exposed ArKO) revealed activation of EZH2 and HAND2 signaling and inhibition of GLI1 responses. EZH2 and HAND2 are known inhibit uterine growth, and GLI1 is involved in IHH signaling, which is a positive mediator of uterine response. Finally, we show that exposure of ArKO females to dietary phytoestrogens results in their acquisition of uterine growth competence. Altogether our findings suggest that pubertal levels of endogenous and exogenous estrogens impact biological function of uterine cells later in life via ERα-dependent mechanisms.</p>
Embryo lateral view
Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 21 May 2020
Zebrafish larvae lateral view
Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 12 October 2019
Fig. 2. A–B. Dorsal and lateral views. C in A New Species of the Genus Zhangixalus (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam
Fig. 2. A–B. Dorsal and lateral views. C. Drawing of ventral view of left hand and right foot of the adult male holotype (VNMN 011682) of Zhangixalus franki sp. nov. from Quan Ba District, Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam.
Earlier and slower or later and faster: Spring migration pace linked to departure time in a Neotropical migrant songbird
<p><span>1. Migratory birds travel vast distances and the timing of migratory flights can affect survival and the ability to reproduce. For Neotropical migrant songbirds, <span>early spring departure from wintering sites, early arrival to the breeding grounds and higher reproductive success have been related to the use of suitable habitats and environmental conditions during the non-breeding season. However, how migratory strategies are shaped by winter habitat choice is largely unknown due to the general </span>inability to track birds from specific wintering habitats to stopovers or breeding destinations<span>. </span></span></p> <p><span>2. We assessed how winter habitat (native forest vs. shade-grown coffee plantations) relates to spring departure date and migration pace in Swainson's Thrush (<i>Catharus ustulatus</i>). We also determined the effect of departure date and total migration duration on the arrival date of birds detected near or within their breeding range. </span></p> <p><span>3. We used a novel application of Motus radio telemetry arrays to track individuals from their wintering grounds in the Andes of South America along their migratory journey to North America.</span></p> <p><span>4. We found variation in migratory strategies between habitats, with birds wintering in native forest departing later than birds in coffee. We present isotopic evidence for native forest being of higher quality than shade coffee for Swainson's Thrush and hypothesize that moister conditions in forest, as shown by stable isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C) analysis of thrush whole blood, provides favourable pre-migratory conditions allowing birds to delay departure from wintering grounds. Habitat, between-site and -year variation in departure date, suggests that birds made facultative adjustments to winter habitat quality and environmental conditions. Independent of habitat, birds that departed later migrated faster and this pattern was maintained along the migration route (<i>n</i> = 44). <span>Migrating earlier and slower or later and faster was unlikely to result in significant differences in arrival time to breeding destinations. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>5. Our</span></span> findings reveal underappreciated complexity in migratory decisions by long-distance migrants that contrast with the current paradigm of earlier departures and arrival from optimal habitats. The next step is to understand the relative fitness benefits of early versus late schedules or whether each strategy is an equally good response to experienced conditions.</p>
Figs 31-34. Oratostylum lepidum Ricardo. 31. Lebombo male head. 32-34. Lectotype male genitalia. 32. Lateral. 33. Ventral. 34 in The Genus Daspletis Loew, 1858 And The Description Of Two New Genera, Anasillomos And Remotomyia (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae)
Figs 31-34. Oratostylum lepidum Ricardo. 31. Lebombo male head. 32-34. Lectotype male genitalia. 32. Lateral. 33. Ventral. 34. Dorsal.
Figs 43-45. Remotomyia longipalpus spec. nov. holotype male genitalia. 43. Lateral. 44. Ventral. 45 in The Genus Daspletis Loew, 1858 And The Description Of Two New Genera, Anasillomos And Remotomyia (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae)
Figs 43-45. Remotomyia longipalpus spec. nov. holotype male genitalia. 43. Lateral. 44. Ventral. 45. Dorsal.
Fig. 22. Hypandrium, lateral view. A in Review of the Eumerus tricolor species group (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with description of six new species
Fig. 22. Hypandrium, lateral view. A. Eumerus atricolorus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., holotype (HMIM). B. E. brevipilosus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., holotype (HMIM). C. E. chekabicus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., holotype (HMIM). D. E. coeruleus (Becker, 1913), Chekab Valley, Iran (HMIM). E. E. ovoformus Gilasian & van Steenis sp. nov., holotype (HMIM). F. E. richteri Stackelberg, 1960, Lar, Iran (HMIM). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Association of amyloid-β CSF/PET discordance and tau load five years later
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To investigate the association between discordant amyloid-β PET and CSF biomarkers at baseline and the emergence of tau pathology 5 years later.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We included 730 ADNI participants without dementia (282 cognitively normal, 448 mild cognitive impairment) with baseline [18F]Florbetapir PET and CSF Aβ42 available. Amyloid-β CSF/PET status was determined at baseline using established cut-offs. Longitudinal data was available for [18F]florbetapir (Aβ) PET (baseline to 4.3±1.9 years), CSF (p)tau (baseline to 2.0±0.1 years), cognition (baseline to 4.3±2.0 years), and [18F]flortaucipir (tau) PET (measured 5.2±1.2 years after baseline to 1.6±0.7 years later). We used linear mixed modelling to study the association between amyloid-β CSF/PET status and tau pathology measured in CSF or using PET. Additionally, we calculated the proportion of CSF+/PET- participants who during follow-up (i) progressed to amyloid-β CSF+/PET+, and/or (ii) became tau-positive based on [18F]flortaucipir PET.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Amyloid-β CSF+/PET+ (N=318) participants had elevated CSF (p)tau levels and worse cognitive performance at baseline, while CSF+/PET- (N=80) participants were overall similar to the CSF-/PET- (N=306) group. Five years after baseline, [18F]flortaucipir PET uptake in the CSF+/PET- group (1.20±0.13) did not differ from CSF-/PET- (1.18±0.08, p=0.69), but was substantially lower than CSF+/PET+ (1.48±0.44, p<0.001). Of the CSF+/PET- subjects, 21/64 (33%) progressed to amyloid-β CSF+/PET+, whereas only one (3%, difference p<0.05) became tau-positive based on [18F]flortaucipir PET. </p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Amyloid-β load detectable by both CSF and PET seems to precede substantial tau deposition. Compared to participants with abnormal amyloid-β levels on both PET and CSF, the CSF+/PET- group has a distinctly better prognosis.</p>
FIGURE 12. Chasmias motatorius, female habitus. A. Lateral view. B in A pilot study of the Carpathian ichneumonine parasitoids (Hymenopera, Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) reveals eighty-eight new records for Ukraine
FIGURE 12. Chasmias motatorius, female habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 9. Aoplus altercator, female habitus. A. Lateral view. B in A pilot study of the Carpathian ichneumonine parasitoids (Hymenopera, Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) reveals eighty-eight new records for Ukraine
FIGURE 9. Aoplus altercator, female habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 11. Urohyal, lateral view. A in A new congrid eel (Teleostei:Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Western Pacific with an analysis of its relationships
FIGURE 11. Urohyal, lateral view. A, Bathycongrus villosus sp. nov. B, Bassanago albescens.
FIGURES 5–6. Female head, lateral. 5. D. potomaca. 6. D in Revision of the Nearctic species of Ditomyia Winnertz and a new species from the Neotropical Region (Diptera: Ditomyiidae)
FIGURES 5–6. Female head, lateral. 5. D. potomaca. 6. D. sohnsi. Scale bars = ca. 0.5 mm.
lateral horn
SciDraw upload
GRCm38 (Gencode release 19) indices for snakePipes 2.2.0 and later versions
<p>Indices for GRCm38 from Gencode release M19 as required by snakePipes.</p>
GRCh38 (gencode, release 29) indices for snakePipes 2.2.0 and later versions
<p>A human (GRCh38 from Gencode) tarball containing all of the indices needed for snakePipes.</p>
dm6 (ensembl release 94) indices needed by snakePipes 2.2.0 and later versions
<p>Fruit fly indices for snakePipes from Ensembl release 94.</p>
GRCm37/mm9 (Gencode release 1) indices needed by snakePipes 2.2.0 and later versions
<p>Mouse (GRCm37/mm9) indices for snakePipes from Gencode release 1.</p>
Data from: Recent events dominate interdomain lateral gene transfers between prokaryotes and eukaryotes and, with the exception of endosymbiotic gene transfers, few ancient transfer events persist
While there is compelling evidence for the impact of endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT; transfer from either mitochondrion or chloroplast to the nucleus) on genome evolution in eukaryotes, the role of interdomain transfer from bacteria and/or archaea (i.e. prokaryotes) is less clear. Lateral gene transfers (LGTs) have been argued to be potential sources of phylogenetic information, particularly for reconstructing deep nodes that are difficult to recover with traditional phylogenetic methods. We sought to identify interdomain LGTs by using a phylogenomic pipeline that generated 13 465 single gene trees and included up to 487 eukaryotes, 303 bacteria and 118 archaea. Our goals include searching for LGTs that unite major eukaryotic clades, and describing the relative contributions of LGT and EGT across the eukaryotic tree of life. Given the difficulties in interpreting single gene trees that aim to capture the approximately 1.8 billion years of eukaryotic evolution, we focus on presence–absence data to identify interdomain transfer events. Specifically, we identify 1138 genes found only in prokaryotes and representatives of three or fewer major clades of eukaryotes (e.g. Amoebozoa, Archaeplastida, Excavata, Opisthokonta, SAR and orphan lineages). The majority of these genes have phylogenetic patterns that are consistent with recent interdomain LGTs and, with the notable exception of EGTs involving photosynthetic eukaryotes, we detect few ancient interdomain LGTs. These analyses suggest that LGTs have probably occurred throughout the history of eukaryotes, but that ancient events are not maintained unless they are associated with endosymbiotic gene transfer among photosynthetic lineages.
Data from: A novel system for bi-ocular eye-tracking in vertebrates with laterally placed eyes
1. Animals use vision to gather information about their environment and then use that information to make behavioural decisions that affect fitness. They will often move their heads or eyes to inspect areas of interest with their centres of acute vision, such as foveae, to gather high resolution information about potential mates, predation risks, or other aspects of the environment. Few studies to date have been able to accurately determine where laterally eyed animals direct their visual attention and how they use their eyes to gather information. 2. We present a non-invasive eye-tracking system that can simultaneously track the gaze of two eyes. This is particularly useful for studying animals with laterally placed eyes (most vertebrates) where the two eyes are viewing different images. This system can also accommodate comparative studies using animals of varying size, including small animals that are not frequently used in eye-tracking studies due to constraints of existing eye-tracking systems. We conducted an eye-tracking experiment with European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to test the eye-tracking system, calibration methods and highlight relevant aspects of experimental design. 3. We were able to accurately track the gaze of European starlings with <5 degrees of error. We also found that starlings are more likely to fixate on biologically relevant visual stimuli (e.g. predators and active prey) than simple stimuli (e.g. a dot) in video playbacks. 4. The method presented here can be used to address ecological and evolutionary questions about where animals direct their attention and how they visually inspect mates, food and predators, as well as address management questions about how animals inspect man-made objects. This method can also be used to answer fundamental questions about vision, such as how laterally eyed vertebrates coordinate the use of their eyes laterally and binocularly.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.