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Biomass allocation and productivity–richness relationship across four grassland types at the Qinghai Plateau
<p>Aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) allocation and productivity–richness relationship are controversial. Here, we assessed AGB and BGB allocation and the productivity–richness relationship at community level across four grassland types based on the biomass data collected from 80 sites across the Qinghai Plateau during 2011–2012. The reduced major axis regression and general linear models were used and showed that (1) the median values of AGB were significantly higher in alpine meadow than in other three grassland types; the ratio of root to shoot (R/S) was significantly higher in desert grassland (36.06) than intemperate grassland (16.60), alpine meadow (13.35) and meadow steppe (19.46). The temperate grassland had deeper root distribution than the other three grasslands, with about 91.45% roots distributed in the top 30 cm soil layer. (2) The slopes between log AGB and log BGB in the temperate grassland and meadow steppe were 1.09 and 1, respectively, whereas that in the desert grassland was 1.12, which was significantly different from the isometric allocation relationship. A competitive relationship between AGB and BGB was observed in the alpine meadow with a slope of −1.83, indicating a trade-off between AGB and BGB in the alpine meadow. (3) A positive productivity–richness relationship existed across the four grassland types, suggesting that the positive productivity–richness relationship might not be affected by the environmental factors at the plant location. Our results provide a new insight for biomass allocation and biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research.</p>
RNA-Seq - membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase
<p>Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14), a transmembrane proteinase with a short cytoplasmic tail, is a major effector of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Genetic silencing of MT1-MMP in mouse (<i>Mmp14<sup>-/-</sup></i>) and man causes dwarfism, osteopenia, arthritis and lipodystrophy, abnormalities ascribed to defective collagen turnover. We have previously shown non-proteolytic functions of MT1-MMP mediated by its cytoplasmic tail, where the unique tyrosine (Y573) controls intracellular signaling. The Y573D mutation blocks TIMP2/MT1-MMP-induced Erk and Akt signaling without affecting proteolytic activity. Here we report that a mouse with the MT1-MMP Y573D mutation (<i>Mmp14<sup>Y573D/Y573D</sup></i>) shows abnormalities similar to, but also different from those of <i>Mmp14<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice. Skeletal stem cells (SSC) of <i>Mmp14<sup>Y573D/Y573D</sup></i> mice show defective differentiation consistent with the mouse phenotype, which is rescued by wild-type SSC transplant. These results provide the first <i>in vivo</i> demonstration that MT1-MMP modulates bone, cartilage and fat homeostasis by controlling SSC differentiation through a mechanism independent of proteolysis.</p>
Pain in patients with Type 2 diabetes-related polyneuropathy is associated with vascular events and mortality
<p>Type 2 diabetes–related polyneuropathy (DPN) is associated with increased vascular events and mortality, but determinants and outcomes of pain in DPN are poorly understood. We sought to examine the effect of neuropathic pain on vascular events and mortality in patients without DPN, DPN with pain (DPN + P), and DPN without pain (DPN-P). A retrospective cohort study was conducted within a large health system of adult patients with type 2 diabetes from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2016. Using an electronic algorithm, patients were classified as no DPN, DPN + P, or DPN-P. Primary outcomes included number of vascular events and time to mortality. Independent associations with DPN + P were evaluated using multivariable negative binomial and Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and comorbidities. Of 43 945 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 64.6 ± 14.0 years; 52.1% female), 13 910 (31.7%) had DPN: 9104 DPN + P (65.4%) vs 4806 DPN-P (34.6%). Vascular events occurred in 4538 (15.1%) of no DPN patients, 2401 (26.4%) DPN + P, and 1006 (20.9%) DPN-P. After adjustment, DPN + P remained a significant predictor of number of vascular events (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.55, 95% CI, 1.29-1.85), whereas no DPN was protective (IRR = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.60-0.82), as compared to DPN-P. Compared to DPN-P, DPN + P was also a significant predictor of mortality (hazard ratio = 1.42, 95% CI, 1.25-1.61). Our study found a significant association between pain in DPN and an increased risk of vascular events and mortality. This observation warrants longitudinal study of the risk factors and natural history of pain in DPN.</p> <p> </p>
FIGURES 1–2 in The type specimens of Papilionoidea in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia (Lepidoptera)
FIGURES 1–2. The National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia. Fig. 1—the main entrance, facing Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard; Fig. 2—Entomology Depot.
Model-based analysis of postprandial glycemic response dynamics for different types of food
<p>Background & aims</p> <p>Knowledge of postprandial glycemic response (PPGR) dynamics is important in nutrition management and diabetes research, care and (self)management. In daily life, food intake is the most important factor influencing the occurrence of hyperglycemia. However, the large variability in PPGR dynamics to different types of food is inadequately predicted by existing glycemic measures. The objective of this study was therefore to quantitatively describe PPGR dynamics using a systems approach.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Postprandial glucose and insulin data were collected from literature for many different food products and mixed meals. The predictive value of existing measures, such as the Glycemic Index, was evaluated. A physiology-based dynamic model was used to reconstruct the full postprandial response profiles of both glucose and insulin simultaneously.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We collected a large range of postprandial glucose and insulin dynamics for 53 common food products and mixed meals. Currently available glycemic measures were found to be inadequate to describe the heterogeneity in postprandial dynamics. By estimating model parameters from glucose and insulin data, the physiology-based dynamic model accurately describes the measured data whilst adhering to physiological constraints.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The physiology-based dynamic model provides a systematic framework to analyze postprandial glucose and insulin profiles. By changing parameter values the model can be adjusted to simulate impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance.</p>
Progression of Wave Breaker Types on a Plane Impermeable Slope, Depending on Experimental Design
<p>Data sets from experimental tests carried out at the CIAO fluye and numerical tests carried out in the numerical model IH2VOF.</p>
Fragility fractures and bone mineral density in male patients affected by type 1 and type 2 myotonic dystrophy
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Myotonic dystrophy is a multisystemic disorder affecting skeletal muscle. Male patients have an increased risk of fractures and develop a number of endocrine/metabolic impairments known to adversely affect bone health. The aim of this study was primarily to determine the occurrence of fragility fractures and the bone mineralization status (lumbar spine, hip and total body by dual X-ray absorptiometry) in 36 male patients affected with type 1 myotonic dystrophy and 13 male patients affected with type 2 myotonic dystrophy. Fragility fractures occurred in 15 type 1 and 7 type 2 myotonic dystrophy in non-classical osteoporotic sites, such as metatarses. Hip osteopenia was the most frequent finding, particularly in type 2 (n = 6) than type 1 myotonic dystrophy patients (n = 1), while osteoporosis was rare. Patients with type 1 myotonic dystrophy presented higher total body bone mass density than patients with type 2 myotonic dystrophy and healthy controls and lumbar spine was associated positively with the severity of the disease. Gonadic failure, with low testosterone and reduced INSL3 levels, visceral adiposity and insulin resistance correlated with reduced body mass index in both type 1 and type 2 myotonic dystrophic patients. The independent determinant of fragility fractures were low total body mass index, low blood testosterone and low global muscle mass.</p>
data set related to article Effect of melatonin in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder wih anorexia nervosa restricting type
<p>This record contains raw data related to article Effect of melatonin in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder wih anorexia nervosa restricting type</p>
Data from: Expressed vomeronasal type-1 receptors (V1rs) in bats uncover conserved sequences underlying social chemical signaling
In mammals, social and reproductive behaviors are mediated by chemical cues encoded by hyperdiverse families of receptors expressed in the vomeronasal organ. Between species, the number of intact receptors can vary by orders of magnitude. However, the evolutionary processes behind variation in receptor number, and its link to fitness-related behaviors are not well understood. From vomeronasal transcriptomes, we discovered the first evidence of intact vomeronasal type-1 receptor (V1r) genes in bats, and we tested whether putatively functional bat receptors were orthologous to those of related taxa, or whether bats have evolved novel receptors. Instead of lineage-specific duplications, we found that bat V1rs in bats show high levels of orthology to those of their relatives, and receptors are under comparative levels of purifying selection compared to non-bats. Despite widespread vomeronasal organ loss in bats, V1r copies have been retained for >65 million years. The highly conserved nature of bat V1rs challenges our current understanding of mammalian V1r function and suggest roles other than conspecific recognition or mating initiation in social behavior.
An Intrinsically Typed Solution for the List-Machine Benchmark
<p>Video presentation of the paper "An Intrinsically Typed Solution for the List-Machine Benchmark" to appear at the Brazilian Symposium on Programming Languages.</p>
Wing: A suitable non-lethal tissue type for repeatable and rapid telomere length estimates in bats
Telomeres are used increasingly in ecology and evolution as biomarkers for ageing and environmental stress, and are typically measured from DNA extracted from non-lethally sampled blood. However, obtaining blood is not always possible in field conditions and only limited amounts can be taken from small mammals, such as bats, which moreover lack nucleated red blood cells and hence yield relatively low amounts of DNA. As telomere length can vary within species according to age and tissue, it is important to determine which tissues serve best as a representation of the organism as a whole. Here, we investigated whether wing tissue biopsies, a rapid and relatively non-invasive tissue collection method, could serve as a proxy for other tissues when measuring relative telomere length (rTL) in the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Telomeres were measured from blood, brain, heart, kidney, liver lung, muscle and wing, and multiple wing biopsies were taken from the same individuals to determine intra-individual repeatability of rTL measured by using qPCR. Wing rTL correlated with rTL estimates from most tissues apart from blood. Blood rTL was not significantly correlated with rTL from any other tissue. Blood and muscle rTL were significantly longer compared with other tissues, while lung displayed the shortest rTLs. Individual repeatability of rTL measures from wing tissue was high (>76%). Here we show the relationships between tissue telomere dynamics for the first time in a bat, and our results provide support for the use of wing tissue for rTL measurements.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: information and standardized questions regarding follow-up during lockdown
<p>Aim. To examine the impact of the lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemic on both the glycemic control and the daily habits of a group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using flash continuous glucose monitoring devices (Flash CGM). </p> <p>Methods. Retrospective analysis based on all the information gathered in virtual consultations from a cohort of 50 adult patients with T1DM with follow-up at our site. We compared their CGM metrics during lockdown with their own previous data before the pandemic occurred, as well as the potential psychological and therapeutic changes.</p> <p>Results. We observed a reduction of the average glucose: 160.26 ± 22.55 mg/dl vs. 150 ± 20.96 mg/dl, p=0.0009, estimated HbA1c: 7.21 ± 0.78% vs. 6.83 ± 0.71%, p=000.5, glucose management indicator (GMI) 7.15 ± 0.57 % vs. 6.88 ± 0.49 %, p=0.0003, and glycemic variability (CV): 40.74 ± 6.66 vs. 36.43 ± 6.09 p<0.0001. Time in range showed an improvement: 57.46 ± 11.85% vs a 65.76 ± 12.09%, p<0.0001, without an increase in percentage of time in hypoglycaemia.</p> <p>Conclusions: COVID-19 lockdown was associated with an improvement in glycemic control in patients with T1DM using CGM.</p>
Figure 48 in Photographic catalogue of the oldest primary types of Japanese Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), those described by Frederick Smith and Francis Walker in 1874
Figure 48. Holotype female of Sagaritis ventralis Walker, 1874 (= Hyposoter ventralis (Walker, 1874)): (a) labels (b) lateral habitus (c) mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view (d) propodeum, dorsal view (e) head, lateral view (f) head, frontal view (g) head, dorsal view (h) mesosoma, lateral view.
Figure 47 in Photographic catalogue of the oldest primary types of Japanese Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), those described by Frederick Smith and Francis Walker in 1874
Figure 47. Holotype male of Proterops basalis Walker, 1874 (= Snellenius basalis (1874)): (a) labels (b) lateral habitus (c) head, frontal view (d) head, dorsal view (e) head, lateral view (f) mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view (g) propodeum and metasoma, dorsolateral view.
Figure 49 in Photographic catalogue of the oldest primary types of Japanese Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), those described by Frederick Smith and Francis Walker in 1874
Figure 49. Holotype female of Spathius fasciatus Walker, 1874: (a) labels (b) lateral habitus (c) head, frontal view (d) head, dorsal view (e) head, lateral view (f) mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view (g) propodeum, dorsolateral view (h) mesosoma, lateral view (i) metasoma, dorsal view.
Figure 41 in Photographic catalogue of the oldest primary types of Japanese Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), those described by Frederick Smith and Francis Walker in 1874
Figure 41. Lectotype female of Ichneumon insolitus Walker, 1874 (= Cratichneumon insolitus (Walker, 1874)): (a) labels (b) lateral habitus (c) head, anterolateral view (d) head, dorsolateral view (e) head, lateral view (f) mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view (g) propodeum, dorsal view (h) mesosoma, lateral view (i) metasoma, dorsal view.
Figure 38 in Photographic catalogue of the oldest primary types of Japanese Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), those described by Frederick Smith and Francis Walker in 1874
Figure 38. Lectotype female of Hecabolus cinctus Walker, 1874 (= Bracon cinctus (Walker, 1874)): (a) labels (b) lateral habitus (c) head, frontal view (d) head, dorsal view (e) head, lateral view (f) mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view (g) mesosoma, lateral view (h) metasoma, dorsal view.
Figure 37 in Photographic catalogue of the oldest primary types of Japanese Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), those described by Frederick Smith and Francis Walker in 1874
Figure 37. Holotype female of Glypta albicoxa Walker, 1874 (= Zatypota albicoxa (Walker, 1874)): (a) labels (b) lateral habitus (c) metasoma, dorsal view (d) head, frontal view (e) head, dorsal view (f) head, lateral view (g) mesoscutum, dorsal view (h) propodeum, dorsal view (i) mesosoma, lateral view.
Figure 11 in Photographic catalogue of the oldest primary types of Japanese Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), those described by Frederick Smith and Francis Walker in 1874
Figure 11. Lectotype female of Ichneumon cursorius Smith, 1874 (= Fileanta caterythra Townes, Momoi & Townes, 1965): (a) labels (b) lateral habitus (c) head, frontal view (d) head, dorsal view (e) head, lateral view (f) metasoma, dorsal view (g) mesoscutum, dorsal view (h) scutellum and propodeum, dorsal view (i) mesosoma, lateral view (j) fore wing (k) hind wing.
Figure 10 in Photographic catalogue of the oldest primary types of Japanese Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), those described by Frederick Smith and Francis Walker in 1874
Figure 10. Lectotype male of Ichneumon cognatorius Smith, 1874 (= Amblyjoppa cognatoria (Smith, 1874)): (a) labels (b) lateral habitus (c) metasoma, dorsal view (d) head, frontal view (e) head, dorsal view (f) head, lateral view (g) mesoscutum, dorsal view (h) scutellum and propodeum, dorsal view (i) mesosoma, lateral view (j) fore wing (k) hind wing.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.