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Figs. 80–82 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 80–82. SEM micrographs of the postdefecating larva of Coelioxys decipiens. 80. Antennal papilla, lateral view. 81. Salivary lips, frontal view. 82. Close-up of inner surface of upper lip identified by rectangle in fig. 81.

Figure 20 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figure 20 is a close-up in ventral view of the anterior end of the first instar of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris from which the piece of chorion had been torn away when host and parasite were separate. The peculiar stratum with a papillate outer surface covering the front of the labrum cannot be explained at this time and warrants further investigation to reveal its anatomy and function. Of special interest are the mandibles. Although, as stated above, we thought at first that each had a simple, curved, sclerotized apex, we discov-

Figs. 47, 48 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 47, 48. Photographs of heads of postdefecating larvae, lateral view. 47. Coelioxys decipiens, with hypostomal tubercle and ridge delineated by dashed line. 48. Coelioxys coturnix, with hypostomal ridge delineated by dashed line.

Figs. 14–17 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 14–17. SEM micrographs of midbody segments of first instars of Megachile nigripes and Radoszkowskiana rufiventris, showing differences in spicules, anterior ends toward left, lateral view; for explanation, see text. 14. Two midbody segments of M. nigripes showing sharp-pointed, thornlike spi-

Fig. 18 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Fig. 18. SEM micrographs of egg of Megachile nigripes from which first instar of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris had been removed, leaving behind piece of chorion that had covered its mouthparts, identified by rectangle. Fig. 19. Close-up of piece of chorion of R. rufiventris identified by rectangle in fig. 18.

Fig. 12 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Fig. 12. Photograph of live egg of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris on top of egg of Megachile nigripes, collected on June 1, 2005, dorsal view. Fig. 13. Photograph of same individual of R. rufiventris preserved as pharate first instar with host egg on June 2, 2005, lateral view.

Figs. 3–5 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 3–5. Diagrams of cells and cocoon of Megachile nigripes, lateral views. 3. Taller cell, showing provisions with egg of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris deposited on floating egg of host. 4. Shorter cell with cocoon of M. nigripes. 5. Close-up of cross section of upper end of cocoon of M. nigripes; for explanations, see text.

Fig. 11 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Fig. 11. Diagram of egg Radoszkowskiana rufiventris position on egg of Megachile nigripes found on May 17, 2004, anterior ends to left, dorsal view.

Figs. 6–10 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 6–10. Right mandibles of larval instars of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris, outer views, with apices drawn in maximum profile. 6. First instar, above, outer view with second tooth eclipsed by apical tooth, and, below, ventral view showing basal tooth.7. Second instar. 8. Third instar. 9. Fourth instar. 10. Fifth instar. All figures drawn to same scale.

Figs. 1, 2 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 1, 2. Nesting sites of Megachile nigripes and it cleptoparasites in Tel El Kebir, Egypt. 1. Abundant adults of this solitary bee and its cleptoparasites (as well as of other bees) nesting in adobe wall to the left. 2. Kariman Mahmoud (left) and Soliman M. Kamel standing in front of adobe building showing damage caused by numerous generations of Megachile nigripes and other solitary bees nesting in the walls; large holes left of each of person resulted from our excavations of the nests.

Figs. 23–26 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 23–26. Photographs of feeding larval instars of Radoszkowskiana rufiventris. 23. First instar three days after collection as egg, on partly consumed host egg. 24. Second instar of same individual with opaque, yellowish abdomen, two days later, and chorion of completely consumed host egg. 25. Probably third instar, different individual; note shiny chorion of host egg to the left of its forebody. 26. Fourth instar of same individual as in figs. 23, 24, nine days after being collected as egg; two days later, larvae became fifth instar.

Figs. 41–49 in Redescription of Archaeoscelio Brues and Description of Three New Genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera): A Challenge to the Definition of the Family

Figs. 41–49. Detail of forewing venation; apex of wing to right. 41, Proplatygaster sp. (Platygastridae). 42, Nixonia watshami Johnson and Masner (Scelionidae: Nixoniini). 43, Sceliomorpha sp. (Scelionidae: Sparasionini). 44, Neuroscelio doddi Galloway, Masner, and Austin (Scelionidae: putatively Gryonini). 45, Heptascelio sp. (Scelionidae: Scelionini). 46, Oxyscelio sp. (Scelionidae: Baryconini). 47, Chromoteleia sp. (Scelionidae: Baryconini). 48, Phasgonophora sp. (Chalcidoidea: Chalcididae). 49, Liopteron sp. (Cynipoidea: Liopteridae). m, marginal vein; pm, postmarginal vein; sm, submarginal vein; st, stigmal vein. Scale bars in millimeters.

Figs. 31–34 in Redescription of Archaeoscelio Brues and Description of Three New Genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera): A Challenge to the Definition of the Family

Figs. 31–34. Plaumannion yepezi García, n.sp., holotype female (OSUC 146571). 31, Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view. The angulate profile of mesoscutum is an artifact. 32, Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view. 33, Head, frontal view. 34, Head, lateral view. Scale bars in millimeters.

Figs. 13–18 in Redescription of Archaeoscelio Brues and Description of Three New Genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera): A Challenge to the Definition of the Family

Figs. 13–18. Cobaloscelio cuspidatus Johnson and Masner, n.sp. 13, Holotype male, lateral habitus (OSUC 83643). 14, Holotype male, frontolateral view. 15, Holotype male, metasoma, lateral view. 16, Paratype female, lateral view (OSUC 83621). 17, Female, ventral view (OSUC 83621). 18, Female, dorsal view of scutellum, forewing (OSUC 83621). Scale bars in millimeters.

Figs. 1–6. Archaeoscelio rugosus Brues. 1 in Redescription of Archaeoscelio Brues and Description of Three New Genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera): A Challenge to the Definition of the Family

Figs. 1–6. Archaeoscelio rugosus Brues. 1, Holotype male, lateral habitus. 2, Holotype male, ventral view. 3, Lateral habitus, female (OSUC 67887). 4, Head and mesosoma, female, dorsolateral view (OSUC 67073). 5, Head, male, frontal view (OSUC 90315). 6, Scutellum and forewing, dorsal view (OSUC 83620). Scale bars in millimeters.

Figs. 25–30 in Redescription of Archaeoscelio Brues and Description of Three New Genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera): A Challenge to the Definition of the Family

Figs. 25–30. Plaumannion fritzi Masner and Johnson, n.sp. 25, Holotype female, lateral habitus (OSUC 146569). 26, Holotype female, dorsal habitus. 27, Holotype female, head, frontal view. 28, Forewing. 29, Metasoma, paratype female, frontal view (OSUC 146570). 30, Metasoma, paratype female, dorsal view. Scale bars in millimeters.

Figs. 35–40 in Redescription of Archaeoscelio Brues and Description of Three New Genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera): A Challenge to the Definition of the Family

Figs. 35–40. Huddlestonium exu Polaszek and Johnson, n.sp. 35, Holotype female, lateral habitus (OSUC 148692). 36, Paratype female, dorsal habitus (OSUC 148693). 37, Holotype female, head, frontal view. 38, Antenna, lateral view. 39, Wings. 40, Ovipositor, lateral (top) and ventral view (bottom). gp, gonoplacs. Scale bars in millimeters.

Figs. 7–12. Archaeoscelio filicornis Brues. 7 in Redescription of Archaeoscelio Brues and Description of Three New Genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera): A Challenge to the Definition of the Family

Figs. 7–12. Archaeoscelio filicornis Brues. 7, Holotype male, dorsolateral view. 8, Holotype male, ventrolateral view. 9, Lateral habitus, male (OSUC 67821). 10, Lateral habitus, female (OSUC 67397). 11, Forewing, female, dorsal view (OSUC 67821). 12, Ventrolateral view, female (OSUC 64198). Scale bars in millimeters.

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Text-fig. 6. Comparative analysis of the three genera (Prynadaeopteris RADCZ., Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN, Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH) with possible affinity to Gleicheniaceae from the Permian deposits of Angaraland. a–c: Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH; d–f: Prynadaeopteris RADCZ. (based on Radczenko 1955, 1956, Naugolnykh 2013); g–i: Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN (based on Meyen 1982, Naugolnykh 2013). Left column – sori in plan (frontal view); central column – leaves; right column – sori in cross-section; FL – flattened sori; HS – hemispherical sori. Scale 1 cm (b, h), 5 mm (e), 1 mm (a, d), 0.5 mm (g); c, f, i – figures schematically drawn without scale. in A New Species Of The Genus Tumidopteris Naugolnykh From The Permian Of The Pechora Cis-Urals, Russia

Text-fig. 6. Comparative analysis of the three genera (Prynadaeopteris RADCZ., Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN, Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH) with possible affinity to Gleicheniaceae from the Permian deposits of Angaraland. a–c: Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH; d–f: Prynadaeopteris RADCZ. (based on Radczenko 1955, 1956, Naugolnykh 2013); g–i: Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN (based on Meyen 1982, Naugolnykh 2013). Left column – sori in plan (frontal view); central column – leaves; right column – sori in cross-section; FL – flattened sori; HS – hemispherical sori. Scale 1 cm (b, h), 5 mm (e), 1 mm (a, d), 0.5 mm (g); c, f, i – figures schematically drawn without scale.