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FIGURE 4 in Phylogenetic analysis of the Paulsoni species group (Decapoda: Alpheidae) from the American Pacific, with implications for the phylogenetic classification of the genus Synalpheus
FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of four equally parsimonious trees obtained for the American Pacific species the Synalpheus based on 53 morphological characters.
FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic analysis of the Paulsoni species group (Decapoda: Alpheidae) from the American Pacific, with implications for the phylogenetic classification of the genus Synalpheus
FIGURE 2. Major cheliped: A, S. biunguiculatus (neotype); B, S. lockingtoni (holotype). Third pereopod: C, S. brevispinis; D, S. lockingtoni (holotype).
Vertical niche and elevation range size in tropical ants: implications for climate resilience
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: We propose that forest trees create a vertical dimension for ecological niche variation that generates different regimes of climatic exposure, which in turn drives species elevation distributions. We test this hypothesis by statistically modelling the vertical and elevation distributions and microclimate exposure of rainforest ants. </p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Wet Tropics Bioregion, Australia</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We conducted 60 ground-to-canopy surveys to determine the vertical (tree) and elevation distributions, and microclimate exposure of ants (101 species) at 15 sites along four mountain ranges. We statistically modelled elevation range size as a function of ant species' vertical niche breadth and exposure to temperature variance for 55 species found at two or more trees. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We found a positive association between vertical niche and elevation range of ant species: for every 3 m increase in vertical niche breadth our models predict a ~150% increase in mean elevation range size. Temperature variance increased with vertical height along the arboreal gradient and ant species exposure to temperature variance explained some of the variation in elevation range size.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong>: We demonstrate that arboreal ants have broader elevation ranges than ground-dwelling ants and are likely to have increased resilience to climatic variance. The capacity of species to expand their niche by climbing trees could influence their ability to persist over broader elevation ranges. We propose that wherever vertical layering exists - from oceans to forest ecosystems - vertical niche breadth is a potential mechanism driving macrogeographic distribution patterns and resilience to climate change.</p>
FIGURE 6 in Seed morphology of bladderworts: a survey on Utricularia sect. Foliosa and sect. Psyllosperma (Lentibulariaceae) with taxonomic implications
FIGURE 6. Width of Utricularia amethystina seeds from different localities represented by box-plot. The numbers above the bars denote the number of measured seeds.
FIGURE 5 in Seed morphology of bladderworts: a survey on Utricularia sect. Foliosa and sect. Psyllosperma (Lentibulariaceae) with taxonomic implications
FIGURE 5. Length of Utricularia amethystina seeds from different localities represented by box-plot. The numbers above the bars denote the number of measured seeds.
FIGURE 3 in Seed morphology of bladderworts: a survey on Utricularia sect. Foliosa and sect. Psyllosperma (Lentibulariaceae) with taxonomic implications
FIGURE 3. Length of Utricularia seeds represented by box-plot. The numbers above the bars denote the number of measured seeds.
FIGURE 2 in Seed morphology of bladderworts: a survey on Utricularia sect. Foliosa and sect. Psyllosperma (Lentibulariaceae) with taxonomic implications
FIGURE 2. Utricularia amethystina seeds and details of morphologic traits: different shapes (A, B and C) and testa surfaces (D, E and F). (A, B and C: scale bar = 50µm; D, E and F: scale bar = 10µm).
FIGURE 4 in Seed morphology of bladderworts: a survey on Utricularia sect. Foliosa and sect. Psyllosperma (Lentibulariaceae) with taxonomic implications
FIGURE 4. Width of Utricularia seeds represented by box-plot. The numbers above the bars denote the number of measured seeds.
Data from: Harvester ant seed removal in an invaded sagebrush ecosystem: implications for restoration
<p>A better understanding of seed movement in plant community dynamics is needed, especially in light of disturbance-driven changes and investments into restoring degraded plant communities. A primary agent of change within the sagebrush-steppe is wildfire and invasion by non-native forbs and grasses, primarily cheatgrass (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>). Our objectives were to quantify seed removal and evaluate ecological factors influencing seed removal within degraded sagebrush-steppe by granivorous Owyhee harvester ants (<i>Pogonomyrmex salinus</i> Olsen). In 2014, we sampled 76 harvester ant nests across 11 plots spanning a gradient of cheatgrass invasion (40-91% cover) in southwestern Idaho, USA. We presented seeds from four plant species commonly used in post-fire restoration at 1.5 and 3.0 m from each nest to quantify seed removal. We evaluated seed selection for presented species, monthly removal, and whether biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., distance to nearest nest, temperature) influenced seed removal. Our top model indicated seed removal was positively correlated with nest height, an indicator of colony size. Distance to seeds and cheatgrass canopy cover reduced seed removal, likely due to increased search and handling time. Harvester ants were selective, removing Indian ricegrass (<i>Achnatherum hymenoides</i>) more than any other species presented. We suspect this was due to ease of seed handling and low weight variability. Nest density influenced monthly seed removal, as we estimated monthly removal of 1,890 seeds for 0.25 ha plots with 1 nest and 29,850 seeds for plots with 15 nests. Applying monthly seed removal to historical restoration treatments across the western U.S. showed harvester ants can greatly reduce seed availability at degraded sagebrush sites; for instance, fourwing saltbush (<i>Atriplex canescens</i>) seeds could be removed in <2 months. Collectively, these results shed light on seed removal by harvester ants and emphasize their potential influence on post-fire restoration within invaded sagebrush communities.</p>
FIGURE 5. CAPS assay for A in Aetokthonos hydrillicola gen. et sp. nov.: Epiphytic cyanobacteria on invasive aquatic plants implicated in Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy
FIGURE 5. CAPS assay for A. hydrillicola. RsaI digestion of a PCR-amplified fragment of the16S rRNA gene produces a 247 bp sequence that is diagnostic for the species. At top, the sizes of RsaI digestion products from A. hydrillicola and related cyanobacteria are shown. Lane 1: RsaI digestion products of PCR-amplified DNA from an axenic culture of A. hydrillicola. Lane 2: PCR product from DNA of a field sample. Lane 3: RsaI digestion products of PCR-amplified DNA from a field sample. Arrowheads indicate the size (in base pairs) of the products of PCR and RsaI digestion. M = 100 bp DNA markers. Closed circles = PCR primer binding sites. Open circles = RsaI restriction sites.
FIGURE 1 in Aetokthonos hydrillicola gen. et sp. nov.: Epiphytic cyanobacteria on invasive aquatic plants implicated in Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy
FIGURE 1. Locations (in order of confirmation) across the Southeastern United States where Aetokthonos hydrillicola, invasive plants (Hydrilla, Egeria, Myriophyllum), and bird deaths from AVM have been confirmed.
FIGURE 7 in Aetokthonos hydrillicola gen. et sp. nov.: Epiphytic cyanobacteria on invasive aquatic plants implicated in Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy
FIGURE 7. Secondary structure of conserved domains in the 16S-23S ITS of true-branching Aetokthonos and Fischerella. A–C. D1–D1' helix, D–F. Box-B helix, G–I. V3 helix.
FIGURE 6 in Aetokthonos hydrillicola gen. et sp. nov.: Epiphytic cyanobacteria on invasive aquatic plants implicated in Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy
FIGURE 6. Bayesian Analysis based on alignment of 318 OTU's. Posterior probabilities and bootstrap values from a parsimony analysis of the same alignment are shown above or in close proximity to the nodes that are supported at least at the 50% level. Asterisks (*) indicate 1.00 or 100% support, hyphens (-) indicate unsupported node. Nodes with no support from either analysis have no annotation. The six arrows indicate the clades in the tree consisting of true-branching taxa, and show that the former concept of Stigonematales or Section V
FIGURE 3 in Aetokthonos hydrillicola gen. et sp. nov.: Epiphytic cyanobacteria on invasive aquatic plants implicated in Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy
FIGURE 3. Electron Microscope views of Aetokthonos hydrillicola. A–C. Scanning electron microscope views showing dehiscent apical caps (white arrows). D. Cells embedded in firm, thick, mucilage. Dark inclusions are likely cyanophycin bodies. E. Dehiscent apical cell showing initiation of dehiscence. F. Four thylakoids with characteristic electron dense and electron light areas, with dark areas associated with thylakoids representing phycobilisomes. G. Cell showing characteristic thylakoids, arrowed thylakoids shown at greater magnitude in Fig. 3F. H. High magnification views of cyanophycin and polyphosphate bodies.
FIGURE 2 in Aetokthonos hydrillicola gen. et sp. nov.: Epiphytic cyanobacteria on invasive aquatic plants implicated in Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy
FIGURE 2. Light microscope views of Aetokthonos hydrillicola. A. Fluorescence microscopy of A. hydrillicola on leaf of Hydrilla, scale = 100 μm. B. Fluorescence microscopy of thallus morphology in culture, scale = 100 μm. C–D. Fluorescence microscopy of branching filaments, arrows show hormogonia production in sheath, Scale = 10 μm. E. Thallus showing apical caps (black arrow) and thick-walled enlarged cells possibly functioning as akinetes (white arrow), scale = 10 μm. F–G. Thallus showing typical branching pattern and dehiscent apical cells (hormocytes?) (arrows), scale=10 μm.
Data from: Genetic structuring among colonies of a pantropical seabird: Implication for subspecies validation and conservation
Appendix S1 <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Table S1</td> <td>Details of field researchers and licences under which they took blood samples from white-tailed tropicbirds from populations in the years of study</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S2</td> <td>Morphometrics of 616 individual white-tailed tropicbirds from 11 populations. Population codes are as described in Table 1.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S3</td> <td>Raw microsatellite genotypes for 382 individual White-tailed tropicbird from 13 populations. Population codes are as described in Table 1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S4</td> <td>Details of mtDNA sequences </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S5</td> <td>Tests of bottleneck (P-values for one-tailed Wilcoxon's signed rank test for heterozygosity excess) based on 10 microsatellites in 13 populations of Phaethon lepturus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S6</td> <td>Pairwise FST estimates based on nuclear microsatellite variation (above diagonal), and ΦST estimates based on mtDNA sequence (below diagonal) for 11 populations with sample sizes >5 ('Pop's) of Phaethon lepturus (see Table 1 for population codes)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
FIGURE 4 in The Isoetes longissima complex (Isoetaceae) in Italy: observations on the morphology of spores and leaves, and taxonomic implications
FIGURE 4. Graphic showing the morphological relationships (based on the number of leaves per plant) among the taxa here examined. The presence of a continuous line between two taxa evidences no statistically significant difference (Tukey HSD test, p> 0.39); the presence of a discontinuous line between I. sicula and I. tiguliana evidences a still not significant difference but with a lower p (0.11).
FIGURE 5 in The Isoetes longissima complex (Isoetaceae) in Italy: observations on the morphology of spores and leaves, and taxonomic implications
FIGURE 5. Drawings of leaf bases of Isoetes longissima (A) and I. tiguliana (B), based on Italian material, showing the different size and extension of leaf alae.
FIGURE 3 in The Isoetes longissima complex (Isoetaceae) in Italy: observations on the morphology of spores and leaves, and taxonomic implications
FIGURE 3. Number of leaves per plant in the examined taxa. Whiskers show the minimum and maximum values.
FIGURE 1 in The Isoetes longissima complex (Isoetaceae) in Italy: observations on the morphology of spores and leaves, and taxonomic implications
FIGURE 1. SEM images of megaspores and microspores of the examined taxa, taken from herbarium specimens (see Table 2). First column: proximal view of megaspores; second column: distal view of megaspores; third column: microspores. First line = Isoetes longissima (A, B, C); second line: I. velata (D, E, F); third line: I. sicula (G, H, I); fourth line: I. tiguliana (J, K, L); fifth line: I. dubia (M, N, O). For names of taxa see also Introduction.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.