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FIGURE 7 in Molecular phylogeny reveals strong biogeographic signal and two new species in a Cape Biodiversity Hotspot endemic mini-radiation, the pygmy geckos (Gekkonidae: Goggia)

FIGURE 7. Head scalation in Goggia matzikamaensis sp. nov., MCZ R-192186 (A) and SAM 47802 (B) vs. Goggia rupicola, MCZ R46168 (C) and CAS 192442 (D). Note smaller, non-hexagonal scales above orbits in G. matzikamaensis sp. nov.

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FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogeny reveals strong biogeographic signal and two new species in a Cape Biodiversity Hotspot endemic mini-radiation, the pygmy geckos (Gekkonidae: Goggia)

FIGURE 2. Geographic ranges of Goggia species and sampling localities of specimens included in the study. Countries are labeled in large white text, provinces of South Africa in small white text, and key geographic regions in small black italic text. Colored shaded regions depict overall ranges of species with localities inside these regions; note that shade colors are used twice as follows: red—braacki (east), gemmula (west); yellow—essexi (east), lineata (west); green—hewitti (east), matzikamaensis sp. nov. (west); blue—hexapora, microlepidota (fully overlapping); violet—incognita (south), rupicola (north).

Fig. 6 in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrograph of Proteocephalus demshini n. sp. from Barbatula toni, Russia (A, C,D,F) and Proteocephalus misgurni n. sp. from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Russia (B, E, G, H). A, B — dorsoventral view, C — apical view, D — lateral view, E — subapical view, F — acicular filitriches and gladiate spinitriches on internal rim of suckers, G — acicular filitriches between suckers, H — gladiate spinitriches on neck region. Small letters in A and B indicate position of microtriches on F–H).

Fig. 5. Proteocephalus misgurni n in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 5. Proteocephalus misgurni n. sp. from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. A.Holotype, total view, ventrally (host field No. RUS 77; MHNG-PLAT 79136). B. Eggs drawn in distilled water (host field No. RUS 93; MHNG-PLAT 79140). C. Paratype 1, scolex (host field No. RUS 100; MHNG-PLAT 79142); note the proliferation zone widened anteriorly. D. Paratype 2, detail of terminal genitalia, dorsal view (host field No. RUS 75; MHNG-PLAT 79135); uterus not illustrated. E.Holotype, mature proglottid, ventral view (host field No. RUS 77; MHNG-PLAT 79136); uterus not illustrated.

Fig. 1 in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 1. Bayesian analysis of the concatenated 4-gene alignment (ssrDNA, lsrDNA, rrnL, cox1) constructed using MrBayes 3.2.1 using the GTR + I + G (ssrDNA, rrnL, cox1) and GTR + I (lsrDNA) models of nucleotide evolution. The analysis was run for 10 million generations; 7 million generations were discarded as burn-in. Posterior probabilities and maximum likelihood bootstrap values (obtained using GARLI) are shown above and below branches, respectively. All nodes with <0.95 posterior probabilities have been collapsed. The branchlength scale indicates number of substitutions per site.

Fig. 4. Proteocephalus demshini n in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 4. Proteocephalus demshini n. sp. from Barbatula toni, Russia. A.Scolex (host field No. RUS 195; IPCAS C-727). B. Mature proglottid, ventral view (host field No.RUS 191; IPCAS C-727); uterus not illustrated. C. Detail of terminal genitalia, ventral view (host field No. RUS 192; MHNG-PLAT 79149). D. Eggs drawn in distilled water (host field No. RUS 190; IPCAS C-727).

Fig. 2 in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 2. Proteocephalus sagittus (Grimm, 1872) from Barbatula barbatula, Czech Republic (IPCAS C-33/1). A. Scolex. B. Mature proglottid. Abbreviations (for all figures): cc = chromophilic cells; ci = cirrus; cp = pars copulatrix vaginae; cs = cirrus-sac; doc = dorsal osmoregulatory canal; du = uterine diverticles; eh = embryonic hooks; em = bilayered embryophore; ga = genital atrium; gc = glandular cells, probably of exocrine type; lm = internal longitudinal musculature; ln = longitudinal lateral nerves; Mg = Mehlis' gland; oe = outer envelope; on = oncosphere; oo = oocapt; ov = ovary; sc = subtegumental cells; sd = sperm duct (vas deferens); st = subtegumental muscle fibres; te = testes; tg = tegument; ud = uterine ducts; us = uterine stem; ut = uterus; vc = vaginal canal; vd = vitelloduct; vf = vitelline follicles; voc = ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs = vaginal sphincter.

Fig. 3. Proteocephalus midoriensis Shimazu, 1990 in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 3. Proteocephalus midoriensis Shimazu, 1990 from Lefua echigonia, Japan (IPCAS C-362/1) (A, C–E) and from Lefua costata, Russia ("Proteocephalus sp. n." of N.I. Demshin; not accessioned) (B). A, B. Scoleces. C. Mature proglottid, dorsal view, note vitelline follicles overpassing the ovary ventrally; uterus not illustrated. D. Detail of the posterior part of the proglottid, ventral view. E. Detail of terminal genitalia, ventral view.

FIGURES 24–26 in On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

FIGURES 24–26. Hoplia dubia species group. Comparison between the shape of protoracic tarsi (right leg, ventral view), length uniform. 24, Hoplia dubia (Marina di Vecchiano); 25, H. meridiana (R. N. O. Bosco Pantano di Policoro); 26, H. messapia (Cesine, Le Vernole). A stouter structure, with broader tarsomeres and claw, is evident in H. meridiana (courtesy of Daniele Baiocchi and Lara Gallina).

FIGURES 18–23 in On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

FIGURES 18–23. Hoplia dubia species group. Details of scutellar area in oblique (18, 20, 22) and dorsal (19, 21, 23) view, male specimens. 18–19, Hoplia dubia (Marina di Vecchiano); 20–21, H. meridiana (Policoro); 22–23, H. messapia (Torre Mozza). Note the difference between scutellar setae (thin in H. dubia, thick in H. meridiana and H. messapia) and the differences on the relation between the setae of scutellum and periscutellar setae of elytra (reciprocally similar for length and thickness in H. dubia and H. meridiana, different in H. messapia as the scutellar setae are short and thick and the elytral setae long and thin).

FIGURES 9–11 in On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

FIGURES 9–11. Habitus of Hoplia messapia in dorsal and lateral view. 9, male (Cesine, Le Vernole); 10, female (Torre Mozza); 11, male (Cesine, Le Vernole).

FIGURES 7–8 in On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

FIGURES 7–8. Hoplia meridiana, extremes of variability in the habitus of males (the more typical color form shown in Fig. 4). 7, dark integument and extensively green scales, with metallic sheen (Capaccio, Varolato Beach). 8, rare phenotype with dark integument and unusually reduced scales (Isola di Capo Rizzuto, contrada Sovereto).

FIGURES 34–38 in On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

FIGURES 34–38. Hoplia messapia in nature from Vernole, Le Cesine. 34, male on a Tamarix inflorescence, 20.V.2011 (courtesy of Maurizio Pavesi); 35–37, males clustering on the top of grasses and on dry Juncus infructescences, 21.V.2011 (courtesy of Maurizio Bollino); 38, habitat of the species, 7.VI.2003 (courtesy of Giuseppe De Matteis).

FIGURES 4–6 in On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

FIGURES 4–6. Habitus of Hoplia meridiana in dorsal and lateral view. 4, male (Capaccio, Laura Beach); 5, female (Policoro); 6, male (Policoro).

FIGURES 12–17 in On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

FIGURES 12–17. Hoplia dubia species group. Details of scale vestiture of dorsal side (12, 14, 16) and pygidium (13, 15, 17), male specimens. 12–13, Hoplia dubia (Marina di Vecchiano); 14–15, H. meridiana (Policoro); 16–17, H. messapia (Cesine, Le Vernole).

FIGURES 1–3 in On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

FIGURES 1–3. Habitus of Hoplia dubia in dorsal and lateral view. 1, 3: male; 2: female. All from Marina di Vecchiano.

FIGURES 32–33 in On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

FIGURES 32–33. Hoplia meridiana in nature. 32, male on an ear of grass, Marina di Pisticci, mouth of Cavone stream, 29.IV.1999; 33, habitat in Policoro (1.V.2016, courtesy of Giuseppe Cancelliere).

FIGURES 28–31 in On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

FIGURES 28–31. Hoplia dubia in nature from Marina di Vecchiano, 5.V.2012. 28–29, male in activity on a dry stalk; 30, male sheltered among Juniperus fronds after a storm; 31, habitat of the species.

FIGURE 11 in A new species of the endemic South African spider genus Austrachelas (Araneae: Gallieniellidae) and first description of the male of A. bergi

FIGURE 11. Distribution of Austrachelas in South Africa, indicating type locality of A. entabeni sp. nov. (black star), type locality of A. bergi Haddad, Lyle, Bosselaers & Ramírez, 2009 (black circle), new localities of A. bergi (white circles), and distribution of other Austrachelas species (black triangles).

FIGURES 1–5 in A new species of the endemic South African spider genus Austrachelas (Araneae: Gallieniellidae) and first description of the male of A. bergi

FIGURES 1–5. Digital microscope photographs of Austrachelas entabeni sp. nov. (1–3) and A. bergi Haddad, Lyle, Bosselaers & Ramírez, 2009 (4, 5): 1. Female holotype, dorsal habitus; 2. Same, ventral view of abdomen; 3, 4. Epigyne, ventral view; 5. Male palp, ventral view. Abbreviations: AH—anterior hood; EM—distal portion of embolus; ET—embolus tip; LH—lateral hoods; MAmedian apophysis. Scale bars: 1, 2 = 1 mm, 3–5 = 0.25 mm.