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FIGURE 3 in The IndoWest Pacific Pilumnidae XVIII: On the taxonomy of Pilumnus scabriusculus Adams and White, 1849, and P. s l u i t e r i De Man, 1892, with a note on Cancer incanus Forskål, 1775 (Brachyura: Xanthoidea)
FIGURE 3. Outer view of chelae. A, B, Pilumnus scabriusculus Adams & White, 1849, holotype male, 26.0 x 19.4 mm, NHM 1843.6; C, D, P. sluiteri De Man, 1892, lectotype male, 27.2 x 20.5 mm, ZMA 242226. A, right major chela; B, left minor chela; C, left major chela; D, right minor chela.
FIGURE 6. Left G1. A in The IndoWest Pacific Pilumnidae XVIII: On the taxonomy of Pilumnus scabriusculus Adams and White, 1849, and P. s l u i t e r i De Man, 1892, with a note on Cancer incanus Forskål, 1775 (Brachyura: Xanthoidea)
FIGURE 6. Left G1. A, Pilumnus scabriusculus Adams & White, 1849, holotype male, 26.0 x 19.4 mm, NHM 1843.6; B, P. sluiteri De Man, 1892, lectotype male, 27.2 x 20.5 mm, ZMA 242226. A, C, overall view; B, D, distal half.
FIGURE 3. Chirostylus stellaris, n in A new species of Chirostylus Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostylidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, with a supplemental description of Chirostylus ortmanni Miyake & Baba, 1968
FIGURE 3. Chirostylus stellaris, n. sp. CMNH-ZC 2127, holotype male (cl 3.5 mm), Miyako-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands. A, carapace, abdomen, ocular peduncles, and left antennular and antennal peduncles, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, anterior part of sternal plastron, including proximal parts of maxillipeds, ventral view; D, sternites 3 and 4, ventral view; E, telson, extensor view; F, left ocular, antennular, and antennal peduncles, ventral view; G, merus and carpus of left third maxilliped, lateral view. Scales equal 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 4. Chirostylus stellaris, n in A new species of Chirostylus Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostylidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, with a supplemental description of Chirostylus ortmanni Miyake & Baba, 1968
FIGURE 4. Chirostylus stellaris, n. sp. CMNH-ZC 2127, holotype male (cl 3.5 mm), Miyako-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands. A, left P1, ischium, merus, and carpus, dorsal view; B, same, chela, dorsal view; C, same, ischium and merus, mesial view; D, same, fingers, dorsal view; E, left P2, lateral view; F, same, dactylus and distal part of propodus, lateral view. Scales equal 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Chirostylus Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostylidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, with a supplemental description of Chirostylus ortmanni Miyake & Baba, 1968
FIGURE 2. Chirostylus ortmanni Miyake & Baba, 1968. NSMT-Cr 8037, male (cl 6.5 mm), Zyogasaki, Shizuoka Prefecture (A, B); NSMT-Cr 11678, female (cl 6.1 mm), Miyake-jima Island, Izu Islands (C, D); CMNH-ZC 531, male (cl 4.1 mm), Kamogawa, Chiba Prefecture (E); NSMT-Cr 7787, female (cl 6.7 mm), Manazuru, Kanagawa Prefecture (F). A, ischium and merus of left P1, mesial view; B, chela of left P1, dorsal view; C, carpus, propodus, and dactylus of right P2, lateral view; D–F, dactylus and distal part of propodus of right P2, lateral view. Scales equal 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Chirostylus Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostylidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, with a supplemental description of Chirostylus ortmanni Miyake & Baba, 1968
FIGURE 1. Chirostylus ortmanni Miyake & Baba, 1968. NSMT-Cr 8037, male (cl 6.5 mm), Zyogasaki, Shizuoka Prefecture (A, D, E, I, K); NSMT-Cr 11681, male, (cl 5.0 mm), Izu Ocean Park (B, G, J); NSMT-Cr 11678, female (cl 6.1 mm), Miyake-jima Island, Izu Islands (C); NSMT-Cr 11682, female (cl 6.8 mm), Izu Ocean Park (F); NSMT-Cr 11684, male (cl 4.3 mm), Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture (H). A–C, carapace and ocular peduncles, dorsal view; D, anterior part of sternal plastron, including proximal parts of maxillipeds, ventral view; E, sternites 3 and 4, ventral view; F–H, anterior margin of sternite 3, ventral view; I, left ocular, antennular, and antennal peduncles, ventral view; J, basal article of left antennular peduncle, ventral view; K, carpus, merus, and distal part of ischium of right third maxilliped, lateral view. Scales equal 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Chirostylus Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostylidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, with a supplemental description of Chirostylus ortmanni Miyake & Baba, 1968
FIGURE 5. Fresh specimens. Chirostylus ortmanni Miyake & Baba, 1968, CMNH-ZC 531, male (cl 4.1 mm), Kamogawa, Chiba Prefecture (A, B); Chirostylus stellaris, n. sp., CMNH-ZC 01115, paratype male (cl 4.1 mm), Kumejima Island, Ryukyu Islands (C, D); CMNH-ZC 2130, paratype female (cl 3.3 mm), Zanpa-misaki, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands (E, F). A, C, entire specimen, dorsal view; B, D, carapace, abdomen, and meri of pereopods, dorsal view; E, F, live specimen in aquarium. Photographed by J. Okuno (A–D) and Y. Fujita (E, F).
FIGURE 3. Metadynomeninae n in A re-evaluation of the Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata), with the recognition of four subfamilies
FIGURE 3. Metadynomeninae n. subfam. (A, B) and Dynomeninae Ortmann (C, D), views of thoracic sternum and abdomen (A, C, D) and ventral surface of abdomen (B). A, Metadynomene tanensis (Yokoya, 1933), male 12,5 x 13,5 mm, New Caledonia, SMIB 2 (MNHN-B25583): abdominal holding by P2 coxa; B, Metadynomene crosnieri McLay, 1999, holotype, male, 23.2 x 22.7 mm, western Indian Ocean, îles Glorieuses, Benthedi Exp. (MNHN-B22510): biramous vestigial pleopods 3–5; detail at right; C, Dynomene hispida (Latreille, in Milbert 1812), male 6.9 x 8.8 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B22091): abdominal holding mechanism by sternal structure; D, Hirsutodynomene spinosa (Rathbun, 1911), male, 14.3 x 16.4 mm, western Indian Ocean, îles Glorieuses (MNHN-B6899): abdominal holding mechanism by sternal structure (see Bouchard 2000: fig. 24A). a3–a6, abdominal somites 3–6; cx1–cx4, coxae of P1–P4; e4–e6, episternites 4–6; pl3–pl5, vestigial pleopods on abdominal somites 3–5; pr, coxal projection; s, shield; t, telson; u, uropod; 4, sternite 4. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURES 27–28 in Review and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical tarantula genus Ephebopus Simon 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with notes on the Aviculariinae
FIGURES 27–28. Tapinauchenius sp., female, maxilla, prolateral. 27, Area with modified fimbria setae (arrow) resembling weakly developed lyra. 28, Detail of setae.
FIGURES 23–26 in Review and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical tarantula genus Ephebopus Simon 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with notes on the Aviculariinae
FIGURES 23–26. Some characters used in cladistic analysis. (23–24) Eye tubercle and clypeus. 23, Heteroscodra sp., female, low eye tubercle and narrow clypeus. 24, Haplopelma sp., female, high eye tubercle and wide clypeus. (25–26) Cymbium and male palpal bulb. 25, Avicularia sp., subtriangular cymbium, thin embolus with curvature to retrolateral side. 26, Lasiodora sp., male, rounded cymbium, thick embolus.
FIGURES 19–20. Ephebopus murinus. 19 in Review and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical tarantula genus Ephebopus Simon 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with notes on the Aviculariinae
FIGURES 19–20. Ephebopus murinus. 19, Threat display showing urticating hair pad on apical prolateral pedipalp femur (arrow). 20, Detail of type V urticating hairs. Photo: R. Bertani.
FIGURES 21–22. 21 in Review and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical tarantula genus Ephebopus Simon 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with notes on the Aviculariinae
FIGURES 21–22. 21, Tapinauchenius violaceus, holotype, spermathecae. 22, Tapinauchenius purpureus, holotype, spermathecae.
FIGURES 17–18. Ephebopus rufescens. 17 in Review and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical tarantula genus Ephebopus Simon 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with notes on the Aviculariinae
FIGURES 17–18. Ephebopus rufescens. 17, Female exposed in retreat under overturned rock. 18, Female in arboreal retreat two meters above ground in palm tree. Photos: R. C. West.
FIGURE 4. A–B in A re-evaluation of the Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata), with the recognition of four subfamilies
FIGURE 4. A–B, Dynomene hispida (Latreille, in Milbert 1812), A, male, 8.8 x 11.5 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN- B22091): A, thoracic sternum, two views (arrow indicates difference in level); B, female, 8.3 x 10 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B22091): posterior view showing sutures 7/8 and spermathecal apertures. C–F, P5 coxa, enclosing penis for its most part. C, Dynomene hispida (Latreille, in Milbert 1812), male, 8.8 x 11.5 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B22091). D, Paradynomene sp., male, 11 mm width, New Caledonia (MNHN-B24780); E, Hirsutodynomene ursula (Stimpson, 1860), male, 9.6 x 11.7 mm, Galápagos Is. (MNHN-B27637); F, Metadynomene tanensis (Yokoya, 1933), male, 12.5 x 13.5 mm, New Caledonia, SMIB 2 (MNHN-B25583). cx1–cx4, coxae of P1–P4; d5–d7, sterno-coxal depressions on sternites 5, 6 and 7; e4–e6, episternites 4–6; gmxp1–gmxp3, gynglymes of mxp1–mxp3; p, penis; pr, projection; s, spermatheca; 3–8, sternites 3–8; 4/5–6/7, thoracic sternal sutures 4/5–6/7 (indistinct); 7/8, distinct thoracic sternal suture 7/8. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, D); 0.5 mm (C, E, F).
FIGURE 5 in A re-evaluation of the Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata), with the recognition of four subfamilies
FIGURE 5. Uropods in the four dynomenid subfamilies (dorsal surface, unless mentioned otherwise). A–H, Dynomeninae Ortmann, 1892; I–L, Metadynomeninae n. subfam.; M–N, Paradynomeninae n. subfam.; O–P, Acanthodromiinae n. subfam. A–B, Dynomene hispida (Latreille, in Milbert 1812): A, male, New Caledonia (MNHN-B22091); B, female (After McLay 1999: fig. 18g). C, Dynomene pilumnoides Alcock, 1900, female (After McLay 1999: fig. 21g). D, Dynomene praedator A. Milne-Edwards, 1879, male (After McLay 1999: fig. 19g). E, Dynomene pugnatrix De Man, 1889, male (After McLay 1999: fig. 22g). F, Dynomene filholi Bouvier, 1894, male (After McLay 1999: fig. 20g). G, Hirsutodynomene spinosa (Rathbun, 1911), male (After McLay 1999: fig. 23g). H, Hirsutodynomene ursula (Stimpson, 1860), female (After McLay 1999: fig. 24g). I–J, Metadynomene tanensis (Yokoya, 1933): I, male, New Caledonia, dorsal surface (MNHN-B25583); J, female, ventral surface (After McLay 1999: fig. 27g). K–L, Metadynomene crosnieri McLay, 1999, male, holotype, western Indian Ocean, îles Glorieuses (MNHN-B22510): dorsal (K) and ventral (L) surfaces; M–N, Paradynomene sp., New Caledonia (MNHN-B 24779); M, male: ventral surface; N, female: dorsal surface (After McLay 1999: fig. 32g). O, Acanthodromia erinacea A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, female, Puerto Rico (USNM 124263); P, Acanthodromia margarita (Alcock, 1899), female (After McLay 1999: fig. 31f).
FIGURE 1 in A re-evaluation of the Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata), with the recognition of four subfamilies
FIGURE 1. Representative species of the four subfamilies of Dynomenidae, overall view. A, Acanthodromiinae n. subfam.: Acanthodromia margarita (Alcock, 1899), Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Visayas, Philippines (ZRC) (see McLay & Ng 2005: 18); B, Paradynomeninae n. subfam.: Paradynomene tuberculata Sakai, 1963, Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Visayas, Philippines (ZRC) (see McLay & Ng 2004: 4); C, Metadynomeninae n. subfam.: Metadynomene tanensis (Yokoya, 1933) with its undulating tomentum, Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Visayas, Philippines (ZRC) (see McLay & Ng 2005: 25); D, Dynomeninae Ortmann, 1892: Hirsutodynomene vespertilio McLay & Ng, 2005, Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Visayas, Philippines (ZRC) (see McLay & Ng 2005: 21). E, Paradynomene tuberculata Sakai, 1963, New Caledonia, frontal view showing the characteristic "face" (ZRC). (All photographs courtesy of P.K.L. Ng).
FIGURE 2. Acanthodromia A in A re-evaluation of the Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata), with the recognition of four subfamilies
FIGURE 2. Acanthodromia A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Acanthodromiinae n. subfam.). A–C, Acanthodromia erinacea A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, ovigerous female, 14.7 x 12 mm, west of Puerto Rico (USNM 124263). A, thoracic sternum; B, ventral surface without abdomen; C, abdomen. D, Acanthodromia margarita (Alcock, 1899), male, 11.6 x 12.8 mm, Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Visayas, Philippines, McLay & Ng det. (MNHN-B28812) [The abdominal sutures are erroneously too much pronouced in these figures since there is a fusion of abdominal somites 3–6]. cx1–cx5, coxae of P1–P5; d5–d6, sterno-coxal depressions 5 and 6; g, female gonopore; 2–6, sternites 2–6 (1 and 2 fused into shield; 3, individualised thoracic sternite 3; 3/4, limit between thoracic sternites 3 and 4; 4/5–5/6, thoracic sternal sutures 4/5–5/6 (indistinct); 7/8, distinct thoracic sternal suture 7/8. Scale bars: 2.5 mm.
FIGURES 1–10 in Review and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical tarantula genus Ephebopus Simon 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with notes on the Aviculariinae
FIGURES 1–10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1–2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3–4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5–6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7–8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9–10) E. foliatus sp. nov.. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm.
FIGURES 11–16 in Review and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical tarantula genus Ephebopus Simon 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with notes on the Aviculariinae
FIGURES 11–16. Ephebopus, habitus and burrow. (11–12) E. murinus. 11, Female in burrow entrance. 12, Antepenultimate female in retreat in bromeliad leaf. (13, 15) E. uatuman. 13, Female. 15, Detail of burrow entrance. (14) E. foliatus sp. nov., female paratype, in life. (16). E. cyanognathus, female. Photos: 14, M. Kuntner, other by R. C. West.
FIGURE 7. A–M. Magulla spp. A–I. Magulla brescoviti n in Revalidation and revision of the genus Magulla Simon 1892 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae)
FIGURE 7. A–M. Magulla spp. A–I. Magulla brescoviti n. sp. A–C. Male, holotype (MCN 43290). A. Carapace, dorsal view; B. Abdomen, dorsal view; C. Endites and sternum, ventral view; D–G. Female, paratype (MCN 43291). D. Carapace, dorsal view; E. Abdomen, dorsal view; F. Endites and sternum, ventral view; G. Tarsus and metatarsus I, retrolateral view; H–J. Urticating hairs. H. Type IV, M. obesa, M. brescoviti n. sp. and M. buecherli n. sp.; I–J. Type III. I. M. brescoviti n. sp. and M. buecherli n. sp. J. M. obesa; K–M. Magulla buecherli n. sp., male holotype (IBSP 3367). K. Carapace, dorsal view; L. Abdomen, dorsal view; M. Endites and sternum, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm. Photos: R.P. Indicatti.
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