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3,472 results for “Balance”
The relation between deviation from the balanced time perspective and quality of life among older people. The mediating role of death anxiety and the moderating role of awareness of aging
<p><em><span>Objectives</span></em><span>. In the current study, one of the objectives was to check if the deviation from a balanced time perspective (DBTP) is a predictor of the quality of life of the elderly. Another objective investigated whether awareness of aging is a moderator and death anxiety a mediator of the relationship between PTSD and quality of life. <em>Method.</em> 436 elderly people participated in this research (M = 68.27; SD= 6.56; 66.7% female, 33.3% male). They completed 4 instruments to evaluate the variables included in the study: World Health Organization Quality of Life, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory - Short version, Death Anxiety Scale and Awareness of Age-Related Change 10-Item Short Form (awareness of aging). <em>Results</em>. Statistical analyzes highlighted the fact that DBTP is not a predictor of quality of life, but it can positively predict death anxiety. Also, awareness of aging does not moderate the relationship between DBTP and quality of life. Finally, death anxiety negatively predicts quality of life, but also mediates the relationship between DBTP and quality of life. <em>Discussion</em>. This study brought to the fore some concepts less addressed in the case of the elderly population in Romania, which could lead to the identification of some benefits for improving the quality of life of the elderly. Starting from the conclusions obtained, promotion and intervention plans can be developed to improve mental and physical health services. The inclusion process of the elderly in as many social activities as possible can also be considered.</span></p> <p><strong><span> </span></strong></p>
Impacts of Agriculture and Snow Dynamics on Catchment Water Balance in the U.S. and Great Britain
<p>Data required to reproduce the figures reported in the paper.</p> <p> </p>
Koster et al. - Balance training in older adults enhances feedback control after perturbations - data & code
<p>Data & code for: </p> <p><strong><u>Balance training in older adults enhances feedback control after perturbations</u></strong></p> <p><em><u>R A J Koster, L Alizadehsaravi, W Muijres, S M Bruijn, N Dominici, J H van Dieen</u></em></p> <p> </p> <p>This folder contains two subfolders: <em>Code</em> & <em>Data</em>. The folder <em>Code</em> contains the MATLAB scripts used to analyse the data contained within the folder <em>Data</em>.</p> <p><strong>Scripts</strong>/</p> <p>· <strong>RK_Analysis_Kinematics.m</strong>: This is the main script used to analyse the kinematics. Running it will compute the kinematic parameters investigated in the paper and contrast them between conditions. Visualisations of these as well as the statistical results will be stored in the newly created folder <em>/Data/Processed/Figures/Kinematics/</em></p> <p>· <strong>RK_Analysis_Synergies.m</strong>: This is the main script used to analyse the EMG activity. Running it will compute the synergies from the EMGs and contrast them between conditions. Visualisations of these as well as the statistical results will be stored in the newly created folder <em>/Data/Processed/Figures/Synergies/</em></p> <p>· <strong>Subfunctions/</strong>: This folder contains all scripts used within the two main scripts. These scripts are subdivided into 3 folders (<em>General/, Kinematics analysis/, Synergy analysis/</em>) based on which part of the analysis they belong to.</p> <p>o <strong>General/spmi1d/</strong>: The external toolbox used to perform the statistics.</p> <p>o <strong>Kinematics analysis/=VU 3D model=/</strong>: the VU 3D model used to compute kinematic parameters from the trajectories of individual body segments.</p> <p><strong>Data/</strong></p> <p>· <strong>EMG/</strong>: Contains the raw EMG data for each participant & recording.</p> <p>· <strong>Excel sheets/</strong>: Contains participant & recording information sheets. This is used to determine on which leg the participant was standing.</p> <p>· <strong>PT/</strong>: Contains information about the rotating platform the participants were standing on for every recording. This is used to determine perturbation onset and direction.</p> <p>· <strong>Trajectory/</strong>: Contains the trajectories of the participant’s body segments during the recordings.</p> <p>· <strong>Processed/</strong>: (This folder is not there initially, but it is added by the 2 main codes) Will contain the kinematic parameters and synergy weights & activation patterns for every condition and participant after they are computed. This folder is also where the results from the analysis will be stored.</p> <p>o <strong>Figures/</strong>: For kinematics & synergies separately, will contain figures displaying the parameters and the statistical results. The ‘<em>Stats – X – Y.tiff</em>’ figure files display the ANOVA and post hoc test results. If statistical differences are found, their p-values are reported in the title of the individual plots (Note: for subthreshold results p-values are undefined in such analyses). Additional individual muscle analysis is included in the synergy analysis.</p>
Using a multi-layer snow model for transient paleo studies: surface mass balance evolution during the Last Interglacial
<p>This archive provides source data of figures in the main text of the manuscript "Using a multi-layer snow model for transient paleo studies: surface mass balance evolution during the Last Interglacial".</p>
Data from: Wright's shifting balance theory and the diversification of aposematic signals
Despite accumulating evidence for selection within natural systems, the importance of random genetic drift opposing Wright's and Fisher's views of evolution continue to be a subject of controversy. The geographical diversification of aposematic signals appears to be a suitable system to assess the factors involved in the process of adaptation since both theories were independently proposed to explain this phenomenon. In the present study, the effects of drift and selection were assessed from population genetics and predation experiments on poison-dart frogs, Ranitomaya imitator, of Northern Peru. We specifically focus on the transient zone between two distinct aposematic signals. In contrast to regions where high predation maintains a monomorphic aposematic signal, the transient zones are characterized by lowered selection and a high phenotypic diversity. As a result, the diversification of phenotypes may occur via genetic drift without a significant loss of fitness. These new phenotypes may then colonize alternative habitats if successfully recognized and avoided by predators. This study highlights the interplay between drift and selection as determinant processes in the adaptive diversification of aposematic signals. Results are consistent with the expectations of the Wright's shifting balance theory and represent, to our knowledge, the first empirical demonstration of this highly contested theory in a natural system.
Data from: Balance between inbreeding and outcrossing in a nannandrous species, the moss Homalothecium lutescens
Epiphytic dwarf males on the females present a possible solution to the problem of short fertilization distances in mosses. However, leptokurtic spore dispersal makes dwarf males likely to be closely related to their host shoot, with an accompanying risk of inbreeding. The capacity of a female to harbour a high number of different dwarf males suggests that there may be mechanisms in place that counteract inbreeding, such as polyandry and post-fertilization selection. We have genotyped sporophytes, female host shoots and dwarf males in four populations of the moss Homalothecium lutescens. We found no evidence of selective sporophyte abortion based on level of heterozygosity. The occurrence of entirely homozygous sporophytes together with significantly positive inbreeding coefficients in three of the populations (mean FIS between 0.48 and 0.64) suggest frequent mother–son mating events. However, 23% of all sampled sporophytes had a higher level of heterozygosity compared with the mean expected heterozygosity at the population level. Polyandry was frequent, on average 59% of the sporophytes on a female shoot were sired by distinct fathers. In conclusion, sporadic fertilizations by dwarf males originating from nonhost female shoots appear to counteract strong inbreeding.
Data from: Hierarchical decision-making balances current and future reproductive success
Parental decisions in animals are often context-dependent and shaped by fitness trade-offs between parents and offspring. For example, the selection of breeding habitats can considerably impact the fitness of both offspring and parents, and therefore parents should carefully weigh the costs and benefits of available options for their current and future reproductive success. Here we show that resource-use preferences are shaped by a trade-off between parental effort and offspring safety in a tadpole-transporting frog. In a large-scale in-situ experiment, we investigated decision-strategies across an entire population of poison frogs that distribute their tadpoles across multiple water bodies. Pool use followed a dynamic and sequential selection process and transportation became more efficient over time. Our results point to a complex suite of environmental variables that are considered during offspring deposition, which necessitates a highly dynamic and flexible decision-making process in tadpole-transporting frogs.
Data from: Acoustic risk balancing by marine mammals: anthropogenic noise can influence the foraging decisions by seals
<p class="MsoCommentText">Avoidance of anthropogenic sounds has been measured in many species. The results, which are typically based on observations in limited exposure contexts, are frequently used to inform policy and the regulation of industrial activities. However, the occurrence and magnitude of avoidance may be a consequence of complex risk-balancing decisions made by animals. The importance of the factors in decision-making, such as perceived risks associated with the sounds or prey quantity and quality during sound exposure, is unknown.</p> <p class="MsoCommentText">Here we address this knowledge gap by measuring the relative influence of perceived risk of a sound (silence, <span>pile driving, and a tidal turbine)</span> and prey patch quality on decision making and foraging success in grey seals <span>(<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>). </span>Seals were given access to two <span>underwater 'prey patches' </span>in an experimental pool <span>where fish were delivered at controlled rates to simulate a </span>low density (LD) and a high density (HD) prey patch. Acoustic playbacks were made using an underwater speaker above one of the prey patches (randomised during the study), and three decision and foraging metrics (foraging duration, foraging effort allocation between the prey patches, and foraging success) were measured.</p> <p>Foraging success was highest during silent controls and was similar regardless of speaker location (LD/HD). Under the tidal turbine and pile driving treatments, foraging success was similar to the controls when the speaker was located at the HD prey patch but was significantly reduced (~16-28% lower) when the speaker was located at the LD prey patch. Foraging decisions by the seals were consistent with a risk/profit balancing approach. Avoidance rates depend on the quality of the prey patch as well as the perceived risk.</p> <p>Policy implications: The results suggest that foraging context is important when interpreting avoidance behaviour and should be considered when predicting the effects of anthropogenic activities. For example, sound exposure in different prey patch qualities may result in markedly different avoidance behaviour, potentially leading to contrasting predictions of impact in Environmental Assessments. We recommend future studies explicitly consider foraging context, and other contextual factors such as behavioural state (e.g. foraging or travelling) and habitat quality.</p>
Do extraordinary science and technology scientists balance their publishing and patenting activities?
<p>Data of figures in the article titled "<strong>Do extraordinary science and technology scientists balance their publishing and patenting activities?."</strong></p>
Database for study: Database for study: The effects of leg preference and leg dominance on static and dynamic balance performance in highly-trained tennis players
<p>This is the dataset underlying a study on the effects of leg preference and dominance on static and dynamic balance performance. The raw data outcomes for 90 (51 males, 39 females) tennis players are included. The data involve force plate metrics from single-leg quiet stance and single-leg landing tasks.</p>
The Dayside Ionopause of Mars: Solar Wind Interaction, Pressure Balance, and Comparisons with Venus
<p>These files contain the derived data products used in the paper. See Readme.txt for a description of the data stored in each file.</p>
Amplification of the divergent component from balanced motions and forward kinetic energy cascade in an ocean-atmosphere simulation
<p>This dataset contains animations of:</p> <ol> <li> <p>The temporal evolution of ocean currents partitioned into balanced motions (BMs) and non-BMs (including internal gravity waves and low-frequency wind-driven currents), displayed in the physical domain for COAS (top row) and Ocean-forced (bottom row). Both simulations illustrate kinetic energy (KE) together with velocity gradients—vorticity ($\zeta$) and horizontal divergence ($\delta$)—all normalized by the Coriolis frequency.</p> </li> <li> <p>The temporal evolution of low-frequency (lf) and high-frequency (hf) non-BM currents in the physical domain for COAS (top row) and Ocean-forced (bottom row).</p> </li> </ol>
Wood Brook catchment: A coupled phenology – surface energy balance model to understand stream – subsurface temperature dynamics
<p>This folder contains data, model input files, model executable and source code required to reproduce results in the paper:"Evaluating a coupled phenology – surface energy balance model to understand stream – subsurface temperature dynamics in a mixed-use farmland catchment" by Han Qiu, Phillip Blaen, Sophie Comer-Warner, David M. Hannah, Stefan Krause and Mantha S. Phanikumar (Water Resources Research).</p> <p>The catchment (referred to herein as Wood Brook, Mill Brook, Mill Haft, BIFOR) is a mixed-use farmland catchment in central England. The "Data" folder contains information needed to create model input files. The "Figures" folder contains MS excel files with observed data (streamflows, groundwater heads, stream, streambed and groundwater temperatures etc) and simulation results to recreate the figures in the WRR paper. The other three folders contain model inputs, outputs and source code.</p>
All data support the published articel "Loop-optimization of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanases for balancing the activity–stability trade-off through cross-strategy between machine learning and the B-factor analysis"
<p><em>Trichoderma reesei</em> endoglucanases (EGs) have limited industrial applications due to its low thermostability and activity. Here, we aimed to improve the thermostability of EGs from<em> T.reesei</em> without reducing its activity counteracting the activity-stability trade-off. A cross-strategy combination of machine learning and B-factor analysis was used to predict beneficial amino acid substitution in EG loop optimization. Experimental validation showed single-site mutated EG concomitantly improved enzymatic activity and thermal properties by 17.21%–18.06% and 49.85%–62.90%, respectively, compared with wild-type EGs. Furthermore, the mechanism explained mutant variants had lower RMSD values and a more stable overall structure than the wild type. According to this study, EGs loop optimization is crucial for balancing the activity-stability trade-off, which may provide new insights into how loop region function interacts with enzymatic characteristics. Moreover, the cross-strategy between machine learning and B-factor analysis improved superior enzyme activity-stability performance, which integrated structure-dependent and sequence-dependent information.</p>
Divergent growth-differentiation balance strategies and resource competition shape mortality patterns in ponderosa pine
<p><span>Dynamic resource availability leads to trade-offs among functions in plants. The growth-differentiation balance hypothesis (GDBH) predicts greater allocation of carbon to defense than growth when resources are scarce; with optimum defense production occurring at a point between the minimum and maximum growth rates. While the GDBH has been widely tested, consideration of phenotypic variation in rates for which defense is traded for growth and what this variation means for plant resistance remains rare. For defense, pines produce and store oleoresin in "resin ducts." Retrospective comparisons of resin ducts in pines have revealed that trees with greater numbers, sizes, or areas of xylem resin ducts are more likely to avoid or survive insect attacks. We used tree ring chronologies to quantify phenotypic variation in growth and resin duct defenses in pairs of living and bark beetle-killed <em>Pinus ponderosa</em> trees in southern New Mexico, USA, and to test the utility of the GDBH for explaining tree mortality. We also assessed the sensitivity of annual growth to climate and competitor density in years preceding mortality in each pair. Survivors had greater growth rates and total cross-sectional areas of resin ducts than trees killed by bark beetles. We did not observe a difference in climate-growth relationships among the groups, however, trees killed by bark beetles suffered negative effects of competition while survivors did not. Growth-defense trade-offs conformed to the GDBH's prediction of a quadratic relationship, however, the two groups significantly differed in the rate at which defense was traded for increasing levels of annual growth.<em> </em> Our results demonstrate that phenotypic variation in the trade-off between growth and defense could be used to characterize trees that were killed by or survived recent natural enemy epidemics. We hypothesize that the GDBH could be integrated with the characterization of phenotypic variation in growth-differentiation strategies—along with parsing of gene versus environment influences on phenotypes—at both local and landscape scales to increase our understanding of patterns of natural enemy impacts in plant populations.</span></p>
Net greenhouse gas balance of fiber wood plantation on peat in Indonesia
<p>Tropical peatlands cycle and store globally significant amounts of carbon in their soil and biomass. Climate and land-use change alter greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes of tropical peatlands, but the magnitude of these changes remains highly uncertain owing to limited measurements. We measured net ecosystem exchanges of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) as well as soil nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) fluxes between mid-2016 and mid-2022 from <em>Acacia</em> <em>crassicarpa</em> plantation, degraded forest and intact forest within the same peat landscape to represent land-cover change trajectories in Sumatra, Indonesia. Here we report the first full plantation rotation GHG balance investigation undertaken in any fiber wood plantation on peatland globally. The <em>Acacia</em> plantation was found to have lower GHG emissions than the degraded peatland, which had a similar mean groundwater level, despite more intensive land-use. The GHG emissions from the <em>Acacia</em> plantation over a full plantation rotation (38.3 ± 4.8 tCO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, average ± standard deviation) were two times higher than those from the intact forest (20.1 ± 3.7 tCO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), but only around half of the current IPCC Tier 1 emission factor for this land-use. Our results should help to reduce the uncertainty in the estimation of GHG emissions from globally important ecosystems, provide a complete estimate of the impact of land-use change on tropical peat, and develop science-based peatland management practices that help to minimize GHG emissions.</p>
CLAIRE: contrastive learning-based batch correction framework for better balance between batch mixing and preservation of cellular heterogeneity
<p>Source code, datasets and outputs. </p>
Net greenhouse gas balance of fiber wood plantation on peat in Indonesia
<p>Tropical peatlands cycle and store large amounts of carbon in their soil and biomass<sup>1</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>5</sup>. Climate and land-use change alter greenhouse gas fluxes of tropical peatlands, but the magnitude of these changes remains highly uncertain<sup>6</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>19</sup>. Here we measure net ecosystem exchanges of carbon dioxide, methane, and soil nitrous oxide fluxes between October 2016 - May 2022 from <em>Acacia</em> <em>crassicarpa</em> plantation, degraded forest and intact forest within the same peat landscape, representing land-cover change trajectories in Sumatra, Indonesia. This allows us to present a full plantation rotation greenhouse gas flux balance in fiber wood plantation on peatland. We find that the <em>Acacia</em> plantation has lower greenhouse gas emissions than the degraded site with a similar average groundwater level, despite more intensive land-use. The greenhouse gas emissions from the <em>Acacia</em> plantation over a full plantation rotation (35.2 ± 4.7 tCO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, average ± standard deviation) were around two times higher than those from the intact forest (20.3 ± 3.7 tCO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), but only half of the current IPCC Tier 1 emission factor<sup>20</sup> for this land-use. Our results can help to reduce the uncertainty in greenhouse gas emissions estimates, provide an estimate of the impact of land-use change on tropical peat, and develop science-based peatland management practices as nature-based climate solutions.</p>
Humpback whale adult females and calves balance acoustic contact with vocal crypsis during periods of increased separation
<ol> <li>Acoustic communication is important for animals with dependent young, particularly when they are spatially separated. Maternal humpback whales (<i>Megaptera novaeangliae</i>) use acoustic calling to help minimise the risk of separation from their young calves during migration.</li> <li>These pairs also use acoustic crypsis to minimise detection by males. How they balance a restricted active space with the need to maintain acoustic contact during periods of separation is not yet understood.</li> <li>Here, we analysed movement metrics of tagged adult female-calf pairs during migration to identify two behavioural states, 'resting/milling' and 'travelling'. When travelling, these pairs dived synchronously and exhibited little to no spatial separation. Alternatively, adult females had significantly longer dive durations (p < 0.01) when resting, and while they spent prolonged times at depth, calves would surface several times independently. This demonstrated that these pairs are frequently separated during periods of rest.</li> <li>We then determined if the call rates and acoustic levels of these pairs increased with more frequent separation, finding that both adult females and calves significantly increased their call rates, but not levels, when resting.</li> <li>We also found that adult female-calf pairs have a restricted active space, with less than 15% of calls estimated to be detectable beyond 2 km. However, as with call level, detection distance did not differ significantly between the two behavioural states.</li> <li>In summary, adult female-calf pairs maintain successful communication during periods of separation by calling more frequently rather than by producing louder calls. This strategy aids in maintaining acoustic contact while simultaneously limiting detectability by conspecifics.</li> </ol>
Precariously balanced rock photo archive from Meadowcliff Canyon, California.
<p>Photo archive of field surveys of Meadowcliff Canyon, CA. Images were taken in 1996 and 2022 that document precariously balanced rocks near active normal faults. The 2022 photos were taken after the M6.0 Antelope Valley earthquake occurred in July 2021, with a hypocenter several kilometers to the south.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.