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22,455 results for “Diversion”
Figures 4 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figures 4. Lonchoptera lutea, feeding on biofilm coating dead wood, stills from Film 2. (A) Pseudocephalon lowered into biofilm; (B) extrudable cones swing round to front of pseudocephalon; (C) pseudocephalon lifted up; (D) limit of pseudocephalon lifting.
Figure 7 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figure 7. Polyporivora picta, labial teeth and mandible with serrated margin outside the upper two labial teeth.
Figure 9 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figure 9. Microdon analis, drawing of the articulation point between the mandible and the labium, lateral view, length of mandible 0.3 mm. lm = labium; lp = labial plate; ls = labial sclerite; m = mandible; mt = muscle tendon; sd = salivary duct; sj = socket joint.
Figures 6. Polyporivora picta, head skeleton from a in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figures 6. Polyporivora picta, head skeleton from a puparium. (A) Lateral view, labial teeth to the right, length 0.6 mm; (B) apical view of labial teeth.
Figure 8 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figure 8. Microdon analis, head skeleton, removed from a puparium, lateral view, mandibles to the left, length 1.4 mm.
Figure 2 in Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)
Figure 2. Lonchoptera lutea, larva with extended front compartment, still from a film. p = prothotax; m = mesothorax; m+a1 = fused metathorax + first abdominal segment.
Data from: An update and reassessment of fern and lycophyte diversity data in the Japanese Archipelago
The fern and lycophyte flora of Japan comprising 721 native taxa (including subspecies and varieties) plus 371 combinations of interspecific hybrids was reassessed using a nearly comprehensively sampled distribution map at 10 km resolution vouchered by 216,687 specimens, up-to-date cytotaxonomic information covering 74 % of the taxa, and an rbcL sequence dataset covering 97.9 % of the taxa. Distribution of diversity was visualized by species richness and phylogenetic diversity. Apomixis was observed in 11.0 % of the native taxa whose reproductive modes are known. The number of sexually reproducing polyploid taxa (n = 199) is less than sexual diploids (n = 241), and 30 of them are evidently allopolyploid, in contrast with the low number of possible autopolyploids (n = 4). A morphological character dataset in Lucid format is provided for taxonomic identification of the native taxa.
Genetic diversity and connectivity of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) found in the Brazil and Chile–Peru wintering grounds and the South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur) feeding ground
<p></p><p>As species recover from exploitation, continued assessments of connectivity and population structure are warranted to provide information for conservation and management. This is particularly true in species with high dispersal capacity, such as migratory whales, where patterns of connectivity could change rapidly. Here we build on a previous long-term, large-scale collaboration on southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) to combine new (nnew) and published (npub) mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite genetic data from all major wintering grounds and, uniquely, the South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur: SG) feeding grounds. Specifically, we include data from Argentina (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 208/46), Brazil (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 50/50), South Africa (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 66/77, npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 350/47), Chile–Peru (nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 1/1), the Indo-Pacific (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 769/126), and SG (npub mtDNA/microsatellite = 8/0, nnew mtDNA/microsatellite = 3/11) to investigate the position of previously unstudied habitats in the migratory network: Brazil, SG, and Chile–Peru. These new genetic data show connectivity between Brazil and Argentina, exemplified by weak genetic differentiation and the movement of 1 genetically identified individual between the South American grounds. The single sample from Chile–Peru had an mtDNA haplotype previously only observed in the Indo-Pacific and had a nuclear genotype that appeared admixed between the Indo-Pacific and South Atlantic, based on genetic clustering and assignment algorithms. The SG samples were clearly South Atlantic and were more similar to the South American than the South African wintering grounds. This study highlights how international collaborations are critical to provide context for emerging or recovering regions, like the SG feeding ground, as well as those that remain critically endangered, such as Chile–Peru.</p><p></p>
Branching patterns in phylogenies cannot distinguish diversity-dependent diversification from time-dependent diversification
One of the primary goals of macroevolutionary biology has been to explain general trends in long-term diversity patterns, including whether such patterns correspond to an up-scaling of processes occurring at lower scales. Reconstructed phylogenies often show decelerated lineage accumulation over time. This pattern has often been interpreted as the result of diversity-dependent diversification, where the accumulation of species causes diversification to decrease through niche filling. However, other processes can also produce such a slowdown, including time-dependence without diversity-dependence. To test whether phylogenetic branching patterns can be used to distinguish these two mechanisms, we formulated a time-dependent, but diversity-independent model that matches the expected diversity through time of a diversity-dependent model. We simulated phylogenies under each model and studied how well likelihood methods could recover the true diversification mode. Standard model selection criteria always recovered diversity-dependence, even when it was not present. We correct for this bias by using a bootstrap method and find that neither model is decisively supported. This implies that the branching pattern of reconstructed trees contains insufficient information to detect the presence or absence of diversity-dependence. We advocate that tests encompassing additional data, e.g., traits or range distributions, are needed to evaluate how diversity drives macroevolutionary trends.
ATHENA: A Framework based on Diverse Weak Defenses for Building Adversarial Defense
<p>This is the dataset associated with <a href="https://softsys4ai.github.io/athena/">ATHENA</a>, a framework based on Diverse Weak Defenses for building Adversarial Defense.</p>
Data from: Climatic drivers of latitudinal variation in Late Triassic tetrapod diversity
<p>The latitudinal biodiversity gradient (LBG), the increase in biodiversity from the poles to the equator, is one of the most widely recognised global macroecological patterns, yet its deep time evolution and drivers remain uncertain. The Late Triassic (237–201 million years ago), a critical interval for the early evolution and radiation of modern tetrapod groups (e.g. crocodylomorphs, dinosaurs, mammaliamorphs), offers a unique opportunity to explore the palaeolatitudinal patterns of tetrapod diversity since it is extensively sampled spatially when compared with other pre-Cenozoic intervals, particularly at lower palaeolatitudes. Here, we explore palaeolatitudinal patterns of Late Triassic tetrapod diversity by applying sampling standardisation to comprehensive occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database. We then use palaeoclimatic model simulations to explore the palaeoclimatic ranges occupied by major tetrapod groups, allowing insight into the influence of palaeoclimate on the palaeolatitudinal distribution of these groups. Our results show that Late Triassic tetrapods generally do not conform to a modern-type LBG; instead, sampling-standardised species richness is highest at mid-palaeolatitudes. In contrast, the richness of pseudosuchians (crocodylians and their relatives) is highest at the palaeoequator, a pattern that is retained throughout their subsequent evolutionary history. Pseudosuchians generally occupied a more restricted range of palaeoclimatic conditions than other tetrapod groups, a condition analogous to modern day reptilian ectotherms, while avemetatarsalians (the archosaur group containing dinosaurs and pterosaurs) exhibit comparatively wider ranges, which is more similar to modern endotherms, such as birds and mammals, suggesting important implications for the evolution of thermal physiology in dinosaurs.</p>
Figs 128–131 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 128–131. Male genitalia of Tischeriidae from Las Cuevas, Belize (NHMUK). 128. Paratischeria neotropicana (Diškus & Stonis, 2015), capsule with phallus removed (genitalia slide no. 010316205). 129. Same, phallus. 130–131. Dishkeya gouaniae (Diškus & Stonis, 2007), paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316202).
Figs 83–89 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 83–89. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria spp. (NHMUK). 83. A. selvica Diškus, Carvalho-Filho & Stonis, 2018, capsule with phallus removed, holotype (genitalia slide no. AD920). 84. Same, phallus, paratype (genitalia slide no. AD919). 85. A. casila Diškus & Stonis, 2018, capsule with phallus removed, holotype (genitalia slide no. AD939). 86. Same, phallus. 87. A. furcata Diškus & Stonis, 2018, capsule with phallus removed, holotype (genitalia slide no. AD925). 88. Same, lateral view of capsule. 89. Same, phallus.
Figs 70–77 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 70–77. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria basilobata Remeikis & Stonis sp. nov. (NHMUK). 70. Capsule, with phallus inside, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316194). 71. Capsule, with phallus removed, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316198). 72. Phallus, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316196). 73–74. Main element and dorsal lobe of valva, with anellus broken, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316197). 75. Same, uncus and tegumen. 76. Same, chitinized ring of anellus. 77. Same, apex of phallus.
Figs 65–69 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 65–69. Female genitalia of Astrotischeria scutifera Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316179, NHMUK). 65. Papillae of ovipositor. 66–68. Details of prela and apophyses. 69. Corpus bursae and coils of ductus spermathecae.
Figs 118–123 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 118–123. Female genitalia of Paratischeria tubifex Diškus & Stonis sp. nov., paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316173, NHMUK). 118. General view. 119–122. Details. 123. Ovipositor lobes.
Figs 132–138 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 132–138. Male genitalia of Tischeriidae from Las Cuevas, Belize (NHMUK). 132. Coptotriche pulverea (Walsingham, 1897), capsule with phallus removed (genitalia slide no. 010316203). 133–134. Same, phallus. 135. C. forsteroniae Stonis & Diškus, 2008, capsule with phallus removed, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316201). 136–138. Same, phallus.
Figs 21–34 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 21–34. Tischeriidae collected in Las Cuevas, Belize. 21. Paratischeria tubifex sp. nov., holotype (NHMUK 010289272). 22. Same, paratype (010289282). 23. Same, paratype (010289276). 24–25. P. belizensis sp. nov., holotype (010289283). 26–28. P. neotropicana (010289285). 29. Dishkeya gouaniae, paratype (010289320). 30. Coptotriche pulverea (010289324). 31. Same (010289322). 32–34. C. forsteroniae, paratype (010289330).
Figs 35–46 in Exceptional diversity of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) from a single tropical forest site in Belize, Central America
Figs 35–46. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria papilloma Diškus & Stonis sp. nov. (NHMUK). 35–36. Dorsal and ventral lobes of uncus, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316184). 37. Ventral lobes of uncus, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316185). 38. Dorsal lobes of uncus, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316182). 39. General view, uncus, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316182). 40–41. Same, valva. 42. Dorsal lobe of valva, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316185). 43–44. Anellus and dorsal lobe of valva, holotype (genitalia slide no. 010316182). 45–46. Phallus, paratype (genitalia slide no. 010316185).
DoMars16k: A Diverse Dataset for Weakly Supervised Geomorphologic Analysis on Mars
<p>The dataset contains 16150 samples extracted from 163 CTX images. Each sample depicts one of fifteen Martian surface landforms. One CTX image contributed with at least three and at most 1247 patches to the creation of the dataset. The dataset is subdivided into training, test, and validation sets, which contain seventy, ten, and twenty percent of the samples. The sets are mutually exclusive. Each sample has a size of 200 x 200 px or roughly 1.2km x 1.2km.</p> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>data.zip contains the dataset separated into training, validation, and test sets. </li> <li>models.zip contains pre-trained neural networks.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Classes</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Aeolian Bedforms</strong> <ul> <li>Aeolian Curved (ael)</li> <li>Aeolian Straight (aec)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Topographic Landforms</strong> <ul> <li>Cliff (cli)</li> <li>Ridge (rid)</li> <li>Channel (fsf)</li> <li>Mounds (sfe)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Slope Feature Landforms</strong> <ul> <li>Gullies (fsg)</li> <li>Slope Streaks (fse)</li> <li>Mass Wasting (fss)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Impact Landforms</strong> <ul> <li>Crater (cra)</li> <li>Crater Field (sfx)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Basic Terrain Landforms</strong> <ul> <li>Mixed Terrain (mix)</li> <li>Rough Terrain (rou)</li> <li>Smooth Terrain (smo)</li> <li>Textured Terrain (tex)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Code</strong></p> <p>Python code to train, evaluate, and apply deep neural networks to Martian surface data is available at GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/thowilh/geomars">https://github.com/thowilh/geomars</a></p> <p><strong>Attribution</strong></p> <p>If you find this work useful please consider citing:</p> <p>Wilhelm, T.; Geis, M.; Püttschneider, J.; Sievernich, T.; Weber, T.; Wohlfarth, K.; Wöhler, C. DoMars16k: A Diverse Dataset for Weakly Supervised Geomorphologic Analysis on Mars. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 3981.</p> <pre><code>@article{wilhelm2020domars16k, doi = {10.3390/rs12233981}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233981}, year = {2020}, month = dec, publisher = {{MDPI} {AG}}, volume = {12}, number = {23}, pages = {3981}, author = {Thorsten Wilhelm and Melina Geis and Jens P\"{u}ttschneider and Timo Sievernich and Tobias Weber and Kay Wohlfarth and Christian W\"{o}hler}, title = {{DoMars}16k: A Diverse Dataset for Weakly Supervised Geomorphologic Analysis on Mars}, journal = {Remote Sensing} }</code></pre> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.