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1,154 results for “Extant”

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zenodo36/100

Fig. 4 in The Phylogenetic Resolving Power of Discrete Dental Morphology Among Extant Hedgehogs and the Implications for Their Fossil Record

Fig. 4. Hylomys sinenesis (AMNH 10106) upper and lower jaw.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2001View details →

zenodo36/100

Fig. 6 in The Phylogenetic Resolving Power of Discrete Dental Morphology Among Extant Hedgehogs and the Implications for Their Fossil Record

Fig. 6. Erinaceus europeaus (AMNH 70611) upper and lower jaw.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2001View details →

zenodo36/100

Fig. 3 in The Phylogenetic Resolving Power of Discrete Dental Morphology Among Extant Hedgehogs and the Implications for Their Fossil Record

Fig. 3. Echinosorex gymnura (AMNH 115519) upper and lower jaw.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2001View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Testing the success of palaeontological methods in the delimitation of clam shrimp (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) on extant species

Fossil spinicaudatan taxonomy heavily relies on carapace features (size, shape, ornamentation), and palaeontologists have greatly refined methods to study and describe carapace variability. Whether carapace features alone are sufficient for distinguishing between species of a single genus has remained untested. In our study, we tested common palaeontological methods on 481 individuals of the extant Australian genus Ozestheria that have been previously assigned to ten species based on genetic analysis. All species are morphologically distinct based on geometric morphometrics (p ≤ 0.001), but they occupy overlapping regions in Ozestheria morphospace. Linear discriminant analysis of Fourier shape coefficients reaches a mean model performance of 93.8% correctly classified individuals over all possible 45 pairwise species comparisons. This can be further increased by combining the size and shape datasets. Nine of the ten examined species are clearly sexually dimorphic but male and female morphologies strongly overlap within species with little influence on model performance. Ornamentation is commonly species-diagnostic; seven ornamentation types are distinguished of which six are species-specific while one is shared by four species. A transformation of main ornamental features (e.g. from punctate to smooth) can occur among closely related species suggesting short evolutionary timescales. Our overall results support the taxonomic value of carapace features, which should also receive greater attention in the taxonomy of extant species. The extensive variation in carapace shape and ornamentation is noteworthy and several species would probably have been assigned to different genera or families if these had been fossils, bearing implications for the systematics of fossil Spinicaudata.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Genomes of the extinct Bachman's Warbler show high divergence and no evidence of admixture with other extant Vermivora Warblers

Bachman's Warbler (Vermivora bachmanii) – last sighted in 1988 – is one of the only North American passerines to have gone extinct. Given extensive ongoing hybridization of its two extant congeners – the Blue-Winged Warbler (V. cyanoptera) and Golden-Winged Warbler (V. chrysoptera) – and shared patterns of plumage variation between Bachman's Warbler and hybrids between those extant species, it has been suggested that Bachman's Warbler might have also had a component of hybrid ancestry. Here, we use historic DNA (hDNA) and whole genomes of Bachman's Warblers collected at the turn of the 20th century to address this. We combine these data with the two extant Vermivora species to examine patterns of population differentiation, inbreeding, and gene flow. In contrast to the admixture hypothesis, the genomic evidence is consistent with V. bachmanii having been a highly divergent, reproductively isolated species, with no evidence of introgression. We show that these three species have similar levels of runs of homozygosity (ROH), consistent with effects of a small long-term effective population size or population bottlenecks, with one V. bachmanii outlier showing numerous long ROH and an FROH greater than 5%. We also found—using population branch statistic estimates—previously undocumented evidence of lineage-specific evolution in V. chrysoptera near a pigmentation gene candidate, CORIN, which is a known modifier of ASIP, which is in turn involved in melanic throat and mask coloration in this family of birds. Together, these genomic results also highlight how natural history collections are such invaluable repositories of information about extant and extinct species.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100

The Mammal Dental Metrics Database: a compilation of fossil and extant mammal tooth measurements

Fossil relative abundance data in combination with specimen-level measurements can reveal community-level changes underpinning long-term ecological and evolutionary dynamics. However relative abundance data is not consistently reported in the paleontological literature, and measurement data is presented in individual studies in varying formats. Here, we compiled dental measurements (tooth crown length, width, and height) from the paleontological literature (or otherwise available sources) in a single database, simultaneously permitting analyses of size and relative abundance for the fossil record. This first version of the database focuses on large mammals and on the African and Arabian Neogene fossil record. Measurements of teeth of extant species were also collected. Each row gives the available measurements for a single tooth. Specimens with multiple teeth reported are divided among several rows. Taxonomic information was entered largely as given in the original source, without standardization or revision of taxonomic identifications. Geographic, stratigraphic, and assemblage information was also collected for fossil specimens, and specimens were assigned to individual 'computational localities' (normally combinations of geological unit and location) that can be treated as paleo-communities (metacommunities). Numeric ages and geographic and geological information for these localities are given in a corresponding spreadsheet. Sources are given for all measurement and age data. This dataset provides a powerful new resource for investigations of changes in relative abundance, body mass, or mass-abundance distributions in the fossil record.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991

Fig. 1. Map of the sampling locations, where Anthosphaera was observed.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Bridging the extant and fossil record of planktonic foraminifera: implications for the Globigerina lineage

Dataset for the biometric study on picked specimens of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerina falconensis. The individuals span the biozones M4 to PT1 from various locations worldwide. All specimens come from cored drill samples from IODP Site U1482, ODP Site 590, Meteor M32. Extra 33 samples are from a geological outcrop located in Siena Basin (Italy). All these data have been used for the paper entitled: Bridging the extant and fossil record of planktonic foraminifera: implications for the Globigerina lineage.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

dryad36/100