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5,448 results for “Neuron”
Data from: Developmental changes in hippocampal CA1 single neuron firing and theta activity during associative learning
Hippocampal development is thought to play a crucial role in the emergence of many forms of learning and memory, but ontogenetic changes in hippocampal activity during learning have not been examined thoroughly. We examined the ontogeny of hippocampal function by recording theta and single neuron activity from the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area while rat pups were trained in associative learning. Three different age groups [postnatal days (P)17-19, P21-23, and P24-26] were trained over six sessions using a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) and a periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (US). Learning increased as a function of age, with the P21-23 and P24-26 groups learning faster than the P17-19 group. Age- and learning-related changes in both theta and single neuron activity were observed. CA1 pyramidal cells in the older age groups showed greater task-related activity than the P17-19 group during CS-US paired sessions. The proportion of trials with a significant theta (4–10 Hz) power change, the theta/delta ratio, and theta peak frequency also increased in an age-dependent manner. Finally, spike/theta phase-locking during the CS showed an age-related increase. The findings indicate substantial developmental changes in dorsal hippocampal function that may play a role in the ontogeny of learning and memory.
Data from: Thyroid hormone protects primary cortical neurons exposed to hypoxia by reducing DNA methylation and apoptosis
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is associated with disruption of cerebral blood flow leading to localized brain hypoxia. Thyroid hormone (TH) treatment, administered shortly after injury, has been shown to promote neural protection in rodent TBI models. The mechanism of TH protection, however, is not established. We used mouse primary cortical neurons to investigate the effectiveness and possible pathways of T3-promoted cell survival after exposure to hypoxic injury. Cultured primary cortical neurons were exposed to hypoxia (0.2% oxygen) for 7 hours with or without T3 (5 nM). T3 treatment enhanced DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmc) levels and attenuated the hypoxia-induced increase in DNA 5-methylcytosine (5-mc). In the presence of T3, mRNA expression of Tet family genes was increased and DNA methyltransferases, (Dnmt) 3a and Dnmt3b, were downregulated, compared to conditions in the absence of T3. These T3-induced changes decreased hypoxia-induced DNA de novo methylation, which reduced hypoxia-induced neuronal damage and apoptosis. We utilized RNA-seq to characterize T3-regulated genes in cortical neurons under hypoxic conditions and identified 22 genes that were upregulated and 15 genes that were downregulated. Krupple-like factor 9 (KLF9), a multifunctional transcription factor that plays a key role in CNS development, was highly upregulated by T3 treatment in hypoxic conditions. Knockdown of the KLF9 gene resulted in early apoptosis and abolished the beneficial role of T3 in neuronal survival. KLF9 mediates, in part, the neuronal protective role of T3. T3 treatment reduces hypoxic damage, although pathways that reduce DNA methylation and apoptosis, remains to be elucidated.
Data from: Na+/K+ pump interacts with the h-current to control bursting activity in central pattern generator neurons of leeches
The dynamics of different ionic currents shape the bursting activity of neurons and networks that control motor output. Despite being ubiquitous in all animal cells, the contribution of the Na+/K+ pump current to such bursting activity has not been well studied. We used monensin, a Na+/H+ antiporter, to examine the role of the pump on the bursting activity of oscillator heart interneurons in leeches. When we stimulated the pump with monensin, the period of these neurons decreased significantly, an effect that was prevented or reversed when the h-current was blocked by Cs+. The decreased period could also occur if the pump was inhibited with strophanthidin or K+-free saline. Our monensin results were reproduced in model, which explains the pump's contributions to bursting activity based on Na+ dynamics. Our results indicate that a dynamically oscillating pump current that interacts with the h-current can regulate the bursting activity of neurons and networks.
Prefrontal deep projection neurons enable cognitive flexibility via persistent feedback monitoring
<p>Attentional set-shifting is a cognitive task that requires a subject to flexibly shift attention between different sensory features of a stimulus, based on continuous trial-and-error. This data set comprises in-vivo 2-photon video recordings of fluorescent calcium signals made in the prefrontal (prelimbic + infralimbic) cortex of mice performing a serial extradimensional set-shifting task. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
A genetic and computational approach to structurally classify neuronal types
<p>This a missing piece of supplemental information that should accompany the article</p> <p>A genetic and computational approach to structurally classify neuronal types</p> <ul> <li>Uygar Sümbül,</li> <li>Sen Song,</li> <li>Kyle McCulloch,</li> <li>Michael Becker,</li> <li>Bin Lin,</li> <li>Joshua R. Sanes,</li> <li>Richard H. Masland</li> <li>& H. Sebastian Seung</li> </ul> <p>The file was kindly supplied by Uygar Sumbul, but has not yet appeared on the nature communications website.</p> <p> </p>
Transient neuronal populations are required to guide callosal axons: a role for semaphorin 3C.
<p>Abstract</p> <p>The corpus callosum (CC) is the main pathway responsible for interhemispheric communication. CC agenesis is associated with numerous human pathologies, suggesting that a range of developmental defects can result in abnormalities in this structure. Midline glial cells are known to play a role in CC development, but we here show that two transient populations of midline neurons also make major contributions to the formation of this commissure. We report that these two neuronal populations enter the CC midline prior to the arrival of callosal pioneer axons. Using a combination of mutant analysis and in vitro assays, we demonstrate that CC neurons are necessary for normal callosal axon navigation. They exert an attractive influence on callosal axons, in part via Semaphorin 3C and its receptor Neuropilin-1. By revealing a novel and essential role for these neuronal populations in the pathfinding of a major cerebral commissure, our study brings new perspectives to pathophysiological mechanisms altering CC formation.</p> <p>Author Summary</p> <p>The largest commissural tract in the human brain is the corpus callosum, with over 200 million callosal axons that channel information between the two cerebral hemispheres. Failure of the corpus callosum to form appropriately is observed in several human pathologies and can result from defects during different steps of development, including cell proliferation, cell migration, or axonal guidance. Studies to date suggest that glial cells are critical for the formation of the corpus callosum. In this study, we show that during embryonic development, the corpus callosum, which was considered a neuron-poor structure, is in fact transiently populated by numerous glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. With the use of in vitro graft experiments and of various transgenic mice, we demonstrate that neurons of the corpus callosum are essential for the accurate navigation of callosal axons. Moreover, we discovered that the guidance factor Semaphorin 3C, which is expressed by corpus callosum neurons, acts through the neuropilin 1 receptor to orient axons crossing through the corpus callosum. The present work therefore gives new insights into the mechanisms involved in axon guidance and implies that transient neurons work together with their glial partners in guiding callosal axons.</p>
IP-MS, MeCP2 Represses the Activity of Topoisomerase IIβ in Long Neuronal Genes
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Machine learning-based high-frequency neuronal spike reconstruction from low-frequency and low-sampling-rate recordings
<p>Supplementary Data for<strong> "Machine learning-based high-frequency neuronal spike reconstruction from low-frequency and low-sampling-rate recordings", Hong et al.</strong></p>
Disrupting abnormal neuronal oscillations with adaptive delayed feedback control
<p>This dataset contains the spike data of the experiments performed for the paper:</p><p><strong>Domingos Leite de Castro, Miguel Aroso, A. Pedro Aguiar, David B. Grayden, Paulo Aguiar, "Disrupting abnormal neuronal oscillations with adaptive delayed feedback control", </strong>currently under review</p><p>You can access the pre-print at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.05.498735</p><p>The data was recorded with the 2100MEA-System from Multichannel Systems using their software Multichannel Experimenter. Each h5 file contains the spike detection results for all electrodes, the electrode labels, and stimulation times. The experiments were performed with microelectrode arrays that contained multiple independent culture wells. The h5 files contain data recorded from all the wells, even though the experiments are only performed in one well at a time. To access the data of a given experiment, choose the electrodes associated with the well identified in the name of the folder, or consult the table in DataTable.xlsx.</p><p>The experiments followed both the European legislation regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes and the protocols approved by the ethical committee of i3S. The Animal Facility of i3S follows the FELASA guidelines and recommendations concerning laboratory animal welfare, complies with the European Guidelines (Directive 2010/63/EU) transposed to Portuguese legislation by Decreto-Lei no 113/2013 and is licensed by the Portuguese official veterinary department (DGAV, Ref 004461). Embryonic (E18) rat hippocampal neurons were cultured on 6-well or 9-well chamber MEA (256-6well MEA200/30iR-ITO-rcr and 256-9wellMEA300/30iR-ITO, respectively) (Multichannel System MCS, Germany) with a density of 5 × 104 cells/well and 3 x 104 cells/well, respectively. Each well of the 6-well MEA has 42 TiN electrodes (array of 7 × 6), and the 9-well contain arrays of 26 TiN electrodes (6 x 5 without corners). The experiments were performed between 13 and 55 days in vitro. </p>
Maternal omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improved accretion of DHA-enriched phosphatidylethanolamines and neuronal membrane lipid-rich domains in C57BL/6 mice fetal brains during gestation
<p>This file contains raw dataset for fetal brain lipidomics and associated fetal neuronal membrane </p>
Code and exemplificative data for publication titled: Synaptic inputs to motor neurons underlying muscle co-activation for functionally different tasks have different spectral characteristics.
<p>Code implemented in the publication</p> <p>Titled: Synaptic inputs to motor neurons underlying muscle co-activation for functionally different tasks have different spectral characteristics</p> <p>Authors: Borzelli,D; Vieira,TMM; Botter,A; Gazzoni,M; Lacquaniti,F; d’Avella,A</p> <p>Published in: Journal of Neurophysiology</p> <p>Year: 2024</p> <p>When running the function 'coherenceAnalysis_Borzelli_et_al_JNeurophysiol_2024.m', the code load the firings of the motor units identified during two exemplificative trials performed by a participant, saved in 'data_Borzelli_et_al_JNeurophysiol_2024'. One trial was directed toward an horizontal target of the perturbed block and the other was directed toward a supination target of the baseline block.</p> <p>Then the code calculates the coherence between the MUs identified on the BB and on the TB (cross-muscle coherence) and the cross-muscle coherence after excluding the components synchronized with the norm of the endpoint force.</p> <p>Finally, the code plots the results.</p> <p>This code could easily be modified to compute all the relevant analyses presented in the paper, such as the total within muscle coherence and the within muscle coherences after excluding the components synchronized with the norm of the force or the sum of the firings of the antagonist muscle.</p>
AgRP neuron cis-regulatory analysis across hunger states reveals that IRF3 mediates leptin's acute effects
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Transcriptomic neuron types vary topographically in function and morphology. Shainer*, Kappel* et al.
<p>Data files and analysis code for Shainer, Kappel et al. are provided. Each zip file includes the relevant data, R or Python code, and session/environment information necessary to reproduce the manuscript's results and figures.</p>
Resources for Anatomical Connectivity and Single-Neuron Typing/Subtyping
<p>The dataset consists of local morphology reconstructions and necessary computational material for the paper: <a title="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2960606/latest" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2960606/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Anatomical Connectivity of Single Neurons Helps Classify Cell Subtypes in Mouse Brains</a></p> <p>File Inventory:</p> <ul> <li>SEU_10860_dendrite.zip </li> <li>Materials.zip</li> </ul> <p>The Material file includes tables for the following:</p> <ul> <li>Cell type (single-neuron)</li> <li>Connectivity matrix (single-neuron)</li> <li>Morphological feature (single-neuron)</li> <li>Projection matrix (single-neuron)</li> <li>Soma coordinates (single-neuron)</li> <li>Gene expression profile (MOs_FRP cells)</li> </ul>
Feeding-state dependent neuropeptidergic modulation of reciprocally interconnected inhibitory neurons biases sensorimotor decisions in Drosophila
<p>Raw and source data related to the study "Feeding-state dependent neuropeptidergic modulation of reciprocally interconnected inhibitory neurons biases sensorimotor decisions in Drosophila"</p> <p>Please not that protein-deprived (pd) and sucrose annotation are used interchangeabley in the dataset</p> <p> </p>
Pathogenic LRRK2 control of primary cilia and Hedgehog signaling in neurons and astrocytes of mouse brain
<p>Previously, we showed that cholinergic interneurons of the dorsal striatum lose cilia in mice harboring the Parkinson's disease associated, kinase activating, R1441C LRRK2 mutation (<a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433576v1#ref-8">Dhekne et al., 2018</a>). Here we show that this phenotype is also seen in two mouse strains carrying the most common human G2019S LRRK2 mutation. Heterozygous loss of the PPM1H phosphatase that is specific for LRRK2-phosphorylated Rab GTPases (<a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433576v1#ref-3">Berndsen et al., 2019</a>) yields the same cilia loss phenotype, strongly supporting a connection between Rab GTPase phosphorylation and cilia loss. In addition, astrocytes throughout the striatum show a ciliation defect in LRRK2 and PPM1H<sup>-/+</sup> mutant models. Hedgehog signaling requires cilia, and loss of cilia correlates here with a loss in induction of Hedgehog signaling as monitored by in situ hybridization of <em>Gli1</em> transcripts. These data support a model in which LRRK2 and PPM1H mutant mice struggle to receive and respond to critical Hedgehog signals in the nigral-striatal pathway.</p>
Fig 4 AAVrg open loop, in Regulation of REM Sleep by Inhibitory Neurons in the Dorsomedial Medulla
<p>Sleep recordings for AAVrg open loop experiments. Associated with Figure 4.</p>
Fig S4 hM4D(Gi) chemogenetic inhibition, in Regulation of REM Sleep by Inhibitory Neurons in the Dorsomedial Medulla
<p>Sleep recording data for hM4D(Gi) experiments. Associated with Figure S4.</p>
Fig S4 mCherry controls, in Regulation of REM Sleep by Inhibitory Neurons in the Dorsomedial Medulla
<p>Sleep recordings for mCherry controls. Associated with Figure S4.</p>
Fig 2 eYFP closed loop inactivation controls, in Regulation of REM Sleep by Inhibitory Neurons in the Dorsomedial Medulla
<p>Sleep recordings for eYFP controls for Swichr++ control experiments. Associated with Figure 2D.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.