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1,477 results for “earth”
The giant clam photosymbiosis is a physically optimized photoconversion system for the most intense sunlight on Earth
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Data for "Plutonic-squishy lid: a new global tectonic regime generated by intrusive magmatism on Earth-like planets"
<p>Data and plotting software for the journal article "Plutonic-squishy lid: a new global tectonic regime generated by intrusive magmatism on Earth-like planets", published in the journal Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems in 2020.</p> <ol> <li>Scripts.zip has all the scripts used for analysis and plotting of data in the paper.</li> <li>Data.zip has all the time and depth average values used for analysis and different plots in the paper.</li> <li>Data_hdf5.zip has all the hdf5 data used for the different plots in the paper.</li> </ol>
Additional data for the publication "Rare Earth Elements in oyster shells: provenance discrimination and potential vital effects"
<p>Rare Earth Elements (REE) and yttrium measurements from modern (Marennes-Oléron, France) oyster shells collected by LA-ICP-MS. This dataset is used in the publication 'Rare Earth Elements in oyster shells: provenance discrimination and potential vital effects'.</p>
EOMORES earth observation and in situ data of water quality in lakes and coastal areas - year 2 and 3
<p>EOMORES is a European innovation project aiming to develop commercial services for monitoring the quality of inland and coastal water bodies, using data from Earth Observation (EO) satellites and in situ sensors to measure, model and forecast water quality parameters.</p> <p>The current data set is a sample of the data generated within the second and third project years (2018, 2019), and consists of Earth Observation (EO) data and in situ data from lakes and coastal areas. For full data sets, please contact the respective contact point listed for each area. Data sets of the first (2017) year of EOMORES have also be submitted.</p> <p>The following is included:<br> - Estonia lakes and coast: in situ data 2019<br> - Finland: links to repositories of EO data<br> - Italy CNR: sample of EO data 2018 and 2019<br> - Italy Trasimeno: sample of WISPstation in situ spectral data and water quality parameters data<br> - Lithuania Curonian Lagoon: sample of WISPstation in situ spectral data and satellite based water quality maps<br> - Netherlands Lake Markermeer: sample of EO data 2018 and 2019 (Chl, Secchi, SPM)<br> - Netherlands Lake Paterswoldsemeer: EO data 2015, 2016, 2017<br> - UK Scotland: links to relevant repositories of in situ data</p> <p>http://eomores-h2020.eu</p>
Features of research data policies of Earth science and biodiversity academic society journals
<p>Dataset related to Hübner (2020) Earth science and biodiversity journals can improve support for data publication. Preprint: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3818</p> <p>This study reviews research data policies and author instructions of 31 journals from the Earth sciences and from biodiversity that are published by German learned societies or research institutions. The statements on data publishing of the journal´s data policies / author guidelines were matched to 14 pre-defined features of journal research data policies from Hrynaszkiewicz, I. et al. (2020) Developing a Research Data Policy Framework for All Journals and Publishers. Data Science Journal, 19: 5, pp. 1–15. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-005">https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-005</a>.</p>
The origin and diversification of pteropods predate past perturbations in the Earth's carbon cycle
<p>This study examines the taxonomy of pteropods and their divergence time using phylogenomics by incorporating 21 new species and new fossil evidence. In agreement with traditional taxonomy, we recovered the first molecular support for a division between sea butterflies (Thecosomata) and sea angels (Gymnosomata). Molecular dating demonstrated that these two lineages diverged in the early Cretaceous, and that all main pteropod clades, including shelled, partially-shelled and unshelled groups, diverged in the mid to late Cretaceous. This datasets includes the following files: </p> <ul> <li>'pteropods_May18_s7.cali': fossil calibrations used for molecular dating </li> <li>'Concat-Ptero200.phy.gz': reduced alignment with 200 marker genes showing highest support</li> <li>'Concat-Ptero040317.phy.gz': main alignment of 2654 marker genes </li> <li>'OMA-alis.tgz': individual alignments for each marker gene</li> <li>'Ptero200_PBcatgtr.tgz': phylobayes run files on the reduced 200 genes dataset</li> <li>'Ptero040317_examl.tgz': examl run files on the main 2654 markers alignment</li> <li>'pteropods_May18_s7_cir_sb_bd.tgz'z: phylobayes molecular dating run with log-normal model </li> <li>'pteropods_May18_s7_ugam_sb_bd.tgz': phylobayes molecular dating run with UGALM model </li> </ul>
Equatorial pitch angle distributions of 1 – 50 keV electrons in Earth's inner magnetosphere: an empirical model based on the Van Allen Probes observations
<p>This dataset contains the parameters of the pitch angle distribution model of 1 – 50 keV electrons, constructed using data from the HOPE instrument on the Van Allen Probes A using method described in the manuscript, along with the example IDL programs to read in model coefficients and plot out the model PADs.</p>
Breard_et_al_JGR_Solid-Earth
<p>This repository is associated with the article entitled "The basal friction coefficient of granular flows with and without excess pore pressure: implications for pyroclastic density currents, debris flows, rock and submarine avalanches"</p>
Measurements of the solar wind propagation delay for L1 to Earth based on ACE and ground-based magnetometer data
<p>This database is the basis for the analysis described in the manuscript</p> <p>'Timing of the solar wind propagation delay between L1 and Earth based on machine learning'</p> <p>published in Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021026">https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021026</a></p> <p> </p> <p>The database contains the times of 380 interplanetary shocks detected at ACE (T_ACE) which also caused a sudden impulse (T_SI) in the magnetosphere based on ground-based magnetometer data. This information can be found in 'measurement_SW_propagation.txt'.</p> <p>final_learningset_SWdelay.pickle contains the corresponding ACE data (solar wind speed, ACE position) at time T_ACE for each of the 380 cases.</p> <p>The datafile can be loaded with Python as follows:</p> <p>import pickle<br> with open('final_learningset_SWdelay.pickle', 'rb') as f:<br> [learnvector_o,learnvector_m,learnvector_s,learnvector,timevector]=pickle.load(f)</p> <p> </p> <p>The content is described as follows:</p> <p>learnvector_o - contains a list of ACE data in its original form, ordering ['rx','ry','rz','vx','vy','vz']</p> <p>learnvector_m - median of each feature</p> <p>learnvector_s - standard deviation of each feature</p> <p>learnvector - contains an array of the standardized data, which have been used to train the ML models.</p> <p>timevector - contains an array with the vector delay in seconds(first column), flat delay in seconds (second column), and measured solar wind propagation delay in seconds (third column)</p>
Output Files from Reactive Transport Models (supplement to Solid Earth Manuscript 'se-2020-99')
<p>This repository includes the output files (in Tecplot format) of the numerical models in the paper entitled "<em><strong>Understanding controls on hydrothermal dolomitisation: insights from 3D Reactive Transport Modelling of geothermal convection</strong></em>".</p> <p>A key to the output data provided here is summarised in Data_Benjakul_et_al_2020.xlsx.</p> <p> </p> <p>We used <strong>TOUGHREACT</strong>, a numerical simulation program developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) which is available at: <a href="https://tough.lbl.gov/licensing-download/toughreact-licensing-download/">https://tough.lbl.gov/licensing-download/toughreact-licensing-download/</a> to numerically model the convection of seawater in a single fault within carbonate-hosted system. The parameters used in the numerical models are given in the paper.</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2439-2020">https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2439-2020</a></p> <p>The output files from TOUGHREACT (in Tecplot format) are visualised using <strong>trexplot</strong>, a python script developed by Hamish Robertson which can be found at: <a href="https://github.com/hammytheham/trexplot">https://github.com/hammytheham/trexplot</a> (last access: 5 December 2020).</p> <p> </p> <p>Please contact me via the following e-mail addresses in case you have any questions: <a href="mailto:rb17526@bristol.ac.uk">rb17526@bristol.ac.uk</a> or <a href="mailto:rbenjaku@gmail.com">rbenjaku@gmail.com</a></p>
Supplementary data for: Carter, L.C., Williamson, B.J., Tapster, S.R. et al. Crystal mush dykes as conduits for mineralising fluids in the Yerington porphyry copper district, Nevada. Commun Earth Environ 2, 59 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00128-4
<p>Supplementary data for Carter, L.C., Williamson, B.J., Tapster, S.R. <em>et al.</em> Crystal mush dykes as conduits for mineralising fluids in the Yerington porphyry copper district, Nevada. <em>Commun Earth Environ</em> <strong>2, </strong>59 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00128-4</p> <p>The first .xlsx file contains data from EPMA and Total-IBA analyses</p> <p>The second .xlsx file contains QEMSCAN data.</p>
Data from: Rapid diversification and time explain amphibian richness at different scales in the Tropical Andes, Earth's most biodiverse hotspot
The Tropical Andes are Earth's most species-rich biodiversity hotspot for both animals and plants. Nevertheless, the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying this extraordinary richness remain uncertain. Here, we examine the processes that generate high richness in the Andes relative to other regions in South America, and across different elevations within the Andes, using frogs as a model system. We combine distributional data, a newly generated time-calibrated phylogeny for 2318 frog species, and phylogenetic comparative methods to test the relative importance of diversification rates and colonization times for explaining Andean diversity at different scales. At larger scales (among regions and families), we find that faster diversification rates in Andean clades most likely explain high Andean richness. In contrast, at smaller temporal and spatial scales (within family-level clades, within the Andes), diversification rates rarely explain richness patterns. Instead, we show that colonization times are important for shaping elevational richness patterns within the Andes, with more species found in habitats colonized earlier. We suggest that these scale-dependent patterns might apply to many other richness gradients. Recognition of this scale-dependence may help to reconcile conflicting results among studies of richness patterns across habitats, regions, and organisms.
Data from: Biomass consumption by surface fires across Earth's most fire prone continent
Landscape fire is a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. Predicting biomass consumption by fire at large spatial scales is essential to understanding carbon dynamics and hence how fire management can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase ecosystem carbon storage. An Australia‐wide field‐based survey (at 113 locations) across large‐scale macroecological gradients (climate, productivity and fire regimes) enabled estimation of how biomass combustion by surface fire directly affects continental‐scale carbon budgets. In terms of biomass consumption, we found clear trade‐offs between the frequency and severity of surface fires. In temperate southern Australia, characterised by less frequent and more severe fires, biomass consumed per fire was typically very high. In contrast, surface fires in the tropical savannas of northern Australia were very frequent but less severe, with much lower consumption of biomass per fire (about a quarter of that in the far south). When biomass consumption was expressed on an annual basis, biomass consumed was far greater in the tropical savannas (>20 times that of the far south). This trade‐off is also apparent in the ratio of annual carbon consumption to net primary production (NPP). Across Australia's naturally vegetated land area, annual carbon consumption by surface fire is equivalent to about 11% of NPP, with a sharp contrast between temperate southern Australia (6%) and tropical northern Australia (46%). Our results emphasise that fire management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions should focus on fire prone tropical savanna landscapes, where the vast bulk of biomass consumption occurs globally. In these landscapes, grass biomass is a key driver of frequency, intensity and combustion completeness of surface fires, and management actions that increase grass biomass are likely to lead to increases in greenhouse gas emissions from savanna fires.
Data from: Gene trees, species trees and Earth history combine to shed light on the evolution of migration in a model avian system
The evolution of migration in birds has fascinated biologists for centuries. In this study, we performed phylogenetic-based analyses of Catharus thrushes, a model genus in the study of avian migration, and their close relatives. For these analyses, we used both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and the resulting phylogenies were used to trace migratory traits and biogeographic patterns. Our results provide the first robust assessment of relationships within Catharus and relatives and indicate that both mitochondrial and autosomal genes contribute to overall support of the phylogeny. Measures of phylogenetic informativeness indicated that mitochondrial genes provided more signal within Catharus than did nuclear genes, whereas nuclear loci provided more signal for relationships between Catharus and close relatives than did mitochondrial genes. Insertion and deletion events also contributed important support across the phylogeny. Across all taxa included in the study, and for Catharus, possession of long-distance migration is reconstructed as the ancestral condition, and a North American (north of Mexico) ancestral area is inferred. Within Catharus, sedentary behaviour evolved after the first speciation event in the genus and is geographically and temporally correlated with Central American distributions and the final closure of the Central American Seaway. Migratory behaviour subsequently evolved twice in Catharus and is geographically and temporally correlated with a recolonization of North America in the late Pleistocene. By temporally linking speciation events with changes in migratory condition and events in Earth history, we are able to show support for several competing hypotheses relating to the geographic origin of migration.
Transgressing Wallace´s Line brings hyperdiverse weevils down to earth
<p>Wallace´s Line, located in the heart of the Indo-Australian archipelago, has historically been hypothesized to strongly inhibit dispersal. Taxa crossing this barrier are confronted with different biota of Asian or Australian origin, respectively, but the extent to which these conditions have affected the evolution of the colonizing lineages remains largely unknown. We examined the potential correlations of body size, lifestyle and biogeographical distribution in the weevil genus Trigonopterus. These beetles are highly diverse both on foliage and in litter east of Wallace´s Line but occur exclusively in leaf litter in the west. Based on a comprehensive, dated phylogeny of 303 species, we inferred nine crossing events of Wallace´s Line, all from east to west. Five previously foliage-dwelling lineages changed their lifestyle to leaf litter habitats after crossing this barrier. Our results indicate that dispersal is not more likely in edaphic lineages, but rather that, abiotic and/or biotic factors may be responsible for the exclusive leaf litter habitat of Trigonopterus in Sundaland. This includes differences in climate, and the different predatory faunas of Australia-New Guinea, Wallacea, and Sundaland. A mimicry complex in New Guinea with Trigonopterus species as presumable model may be of relevance in this context.</p>
Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas
High-resolution information on climatic conditions is essential to many applications in environmental and ecological sciences. Here we present the CHELSA (Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas) data of downscaled model output temperature and precipitation estimates of the ERA-Interim climatic reanalysis to a high resolution of 30 arc sec. The temperature algorithm is based on statistical downscaling of atmospheric temperatures. The precipitation algorithm incorporates orographic predictors including wind fields, valley exposition, and boundary layer height, with a subsequent bias correction. The resulting data consist of a monthly temperature and precipitation climatology for the years 1979–2013. We compare the data derived from the CHELSA algorithm with other standard gridded products and station data from the Global Historical Climate Network. We compare the performance of the new climatologies in species distribution modelling and show that we can increase the accuracy of species range predictions. We further show that CHELSA climatological data has a similar accuracy as other products for temperature, but that its predictions of precipitation patterns are better.
Data from: Dynamic pore structure evolution of the ion adsorbed rare earth ore during the ion exchange process
<p><span>During the leaching process of the ion adsorbed rare earth ore, the pore structure evolution of the ore body plays a vital role in the seepage of the leaching solution. To investigate the evolution of the pore structure during the leaching process, experiments have been carried out with remodeled rare earth ore samples based on physical characteristics of in-situ ores. The seepage rate difference between deionized water leaching solution and 2% NH<sub>4</sub>Cl leaching solution during the active leaching period are analyzed. The porosity and the dynamic pore size evolution of pore structures in the ore body are discussed. Results indicate that along with ion exchange between the rare earth ore and the leaching solution, the porosity of the sample remains constant and the pore structure shows a decreasing trend in the first part and an increasing trend in the second part. Specifically, during the ion exchange process, the number of minimal pores (0~5μm), small pores (5~10μm), and medium pores (10~25μm) increases significantly and the number of medium-large pores (25~60μm), large pores (60~120μm), and mega pores (>120μm) decreases dramatically. Along with the completion of the ion exchange process, the evolution of porous structure shows an opposite trend. The mechanism study reveals that the evolution of pore structure is induced by the difference of ionic strength in the leaching solution during the ion exchange process, where the rare earth ore microparticles will be absorbed or desorbed on to the solid phase.</span></p>
Figure 5 in Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the 'hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Figure 5. Diversity of Photurinae fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos. A – Bicellonycha albilatera, B – Bicellonycha tenuicornis, C – Photuris velox, D – Photuris elliptica, E – Photuris femoralis (modified from Souto et al. 2019), F – Photuris lugubris, G – Pyrogaster moestus, H – Pyrogaster lunifer, I – Pyrogaster vestitus, J – Pyrogaster elongatior, K – Pyrogaster aureus, L – Pyrogaster angustatus, M – Pyrogaster nigrolineatus, N – Pyrogaster telephorinus, O – Pyrogaster margipallens, P – Pyrogaster atrocinctus, Q – Pyrogaster coxalis. Scale bar: 2 mm.
Figure 2 in Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the 'hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Figure 2. Regional climate at the study area is marked by a warm season between October‒April, and a cool season between May‒September. Lines represent the monthly mean, and the shaded area represents the range between the monthly maximum and minimum, from 2007–2017. Inter-annual variation in precipitation is higher in the warm than in the cool season. Data were obtained from an automated weather station at the PNSO at 991 m, Latitude: −22.448922º, Longitude: −42.987146º.
Figure 3 in Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the 'hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Figure 3. Diversity of fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos, including Amydetinae, Psilocladinae, Lampyrinae, and Incertae sedis taxa. A – Amydetes fastigiata, B – Magnoculus obscurus, C – Cladodes pauper, D – Cladodes illigeri, E – Cladodes stellata, F – Vesta thoracica, G – Araucariocladus hiems (modified from Silveira and Mermudes 2017), H – Psilocladus grandis, I – Psilocladus sigillatus, J – Psilocladus pulcher, K – Scissicauda disjuncta (modified from Silveira et al. 2016a), L – Ethra axillaris, M – Ethra marginata, N – Ethra addita, O – Ethra inculta. Scale bar: 2 mm.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.