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opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Efficacy of intervention to relieve nest box competition for Orange‐bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster

We use an experimental approach to evaluate the effectiveness of removing nests of a dominant competitor to create vacant nest boxes for a critically endangered parrot. We compared the number of times that Tree Martin (Petrochelidon nigricans – the dominant competitor at nest boxes) perched at or entered nest boxes intended for Orange-bellied Parrot (Neophema chrysogaster – the subordinate nest competitor) over three time periods (before, immediately after and one week after experimental nest destruction). In the before period, rates of nest attendance by martins in treatment and control nests were not explained by treatment group. After experimental nest destruction, total attendance at boxes by martins rose to a mean of 6.1 visits over three five-minute surveys in the treatment group, compared with 3.3 visits at control boxes. Within individual surveys, martins visited treatment boxes 4.4 times per survey one week after nest destruction, compared with only 1.6 visits in the control group. Martins in the treatment group rapidly rebuilt their nests and laid replacement clutches, and within a week, all boxes were reoccupied. Nest destruction did not increase nesting opportunities for the parrot, and increased vigilance of the dominant competitor may in fact reduce nesting opportunities in nearby boxes. Our study suggests that removing martin nests is an ineffective management action for alleviating nest competition for this parrot.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Efficacy of cover crops for pollinator habitat provision and weed suppression

Pollinator declines have been documented globally, but little information is available about native bee ecology in Midwestern US agriculture. This project seeks to optimize pollinator support and weed suppression in a 3-year crop rotation with a fallow growing season. During fallow, one of five cover crop treatments (T1: crimson, red, and ladino clover and Bob oats [Trifolium incarnatum, T. pratense, T. repens, Avena sativa]; T2: crimson clover and oats; T3: red clover and oats; T4: ladino clover and oats; T5: no cover crop; T6/control: winter wheat [Triticum aestivum]) was seeded in one-half of 25 agricultural fields, while wheat was left unharvested in the other half as a comparison. Treatments that provide season-long floral resources support the greatest bee diversity and abundance (T1), and treatments with red clover support declining Bombus species (T1 and T3). Late-season floral resources may be important, yet limited (T1 and T4), and some species of agricultural weeds provide floral resources. Floral diversity may be less important than flower abundance or timing for pollinator diversity (T1 – T4). Weed diversity was greatest in the no cover crop treatment (T5), least in winter wheat (T6), and intermediate in cover crop treatments (T1 – T4) with no differences in weeds of economic concern. Wheat suppresses weeds but does not provide floral resources for pollinators. These results may also be applicable to marginal lands taken out of cultivation or field margin pollinator plantings in a typical corn-soybean rotation. Floral resource availability across the landscape is critical to maintain pollinator diversity.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Dataset of A Review on the Efficacy, and Safety of nab-paclitaxel with Gemcitabine in Combination with other Drugs

Dataset of A Review on the Efficacy, and Safety of nab-paclitaxel with Gemcitabine in Combination with other Drugs as New Therapeutic Strategies in Pancreatic Cancer Table 1. Patient characteristics. Table 2. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist Table 3. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies (non-randomized experimental studies) Table 4. Comparison of response to treatment Table 5. Summary of all grades Adverse Events (AE) in treatments that include placebo Table 6. Summary of all grades Adverse Events (AE) in treatments that include no placebo

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Dataset from paper "Weathering of plastic SODIS containers and the impact of ageing on their lifetime and disinfection efficacy"

<ul> <li>Evolution of the molar mass distribution curves for the samples of both polypropylenes for each time of weathering.</li> <li>Evolution of the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curves for the first melting for both polypropylenes.</li> </ul>

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Data from: Comparing the efficacy of control strategies for infectious disease outbreaks using field and simulation studies

Diseases characterized by long distance inoculum dispersal (LDD) are among the fastest spreading epidemics in both natural and managed landscapes. Management of such epidemics is extremely challenging because of asymptomatic infection extending at large spatial scales and frequent escape from the newly established disease sources. We compared the efficacy of area- and timing-based disease management strategies in artificially initiated field epidemics of wheat stripe rust and complemented with simulations from an updated version of the spatially explicit model EPIMUL, using model parameters relevant to field epidemics. The model was further used to expand the number of epidemic mitigations beyond that feasible to incorporate in the field. The field experiment was conducted for two years in two locations having different climatic conditions. Culling and protection treatments were applied at different times after epidemic initiation and to different spatial extents surrounding the outbreaks. In each experiment, treatments were replicated four times in plots 33.5 m long and 1.52 m wide with a 0.76 x 0.76 m inoculated focus centered within each plot. Disease gradients were assessed along the center lines of the plots at 1.52 m intervals both upwind and downwind from the focus. Both field and simulation results indicated that control measures applied over the entire population were highly effective in suppressing the epidemics by more than 99% but may not always be logistically and economically feasible at large spatial scales. Comparison between the variable sized treatment areas and application timings suggested that implementing contiguous premises (CP) cull at 1 day after first sporulation in the outbreak focus reduced rust by 52 and 60% in Corvallis and Madras, respectively. However, altering the cull size did not significantly affect the disease epidemic development, which suggested that early timing had a greater influence in suppressing the epidemics than did increased area of application. However, sufficiently large, treated areas may compensate for a delay in application timing to some extent. Results from these replicated treatments may help to devise appropriate management strategies for other LDD pathogens.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Raw Data for the article: Efficacy of Three Commercial Disinfectants in Reducing Microbial Surfaces' Contaminations of Pharmaceuticals Hospital Facilities

To evaluate and validate the efficacy of disinfectants used in our cleaning procedure, in order to reduce pharmaceutical hospital surfaces' contaminations, we tested the action of three commercial disinfectants on small representative samples of the surfaces present in our hospital cleanrooms. These samples (or coupons) were contaminated with selected microorganisms for the validation of the disinfectants. The coupons were sampled before and after disinfection and the microbial load was assessed to calculate the Log10 reduction index. Subsequently, we developed and validated a disinfection procedure on real surfaces inside the cleanrooms intentionally contaminated with microorganisms, using approximately 107-108 total colony forming units per coupon. Our results showed a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal efficacy coherent to the acceptance criteria suggested by United States Pharmacopeia 35 <1072>. The correct implementation of our cleaning and disinfection procedure, respecting stipulated concentrations and contact times, led to a reduction of at least 6 Log10 for all microorganisms used. The proposed disinfection procedure reduced the pharmaceutical hospital surfaces' contaminations, limited the propagation of microorganisms in points adjacent to the disinfected area, and ensured high disinfection and safety levels for operators, patients, and treated surfaces.

openother-openMar 2022View details →

NIOO-QingZ/Geertruidenberg_Mesocosms: Towards climate-robust water quality management: testing the efficacy of different eutrophication control measures during a heat

Data and Codes used in the following open-access publication:  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722015145

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Combining point counts and autonomous recording units improves avian survey efficacy across elevational gradients on two continents

Accurate biodiversity and population monitoring is a requirement for effective conservation decision-making. Survey method bias is therefore a concern, particularly when research programs face logistical and cost limitations. We employed point counts (PCs) and autonomous recording units (ARUs) to survey avian biodiversity within comparable, high elevation, temperate mountain habitats at opposite ends of the Americas: 9 mountains in British Columbia (BC), Canada and 10 in southern Chile. We compared detected species richness against multi-year species inventories and examined method-specific detection probability by family. By incorporating time costs, we assessed the performance and efficiency of single vs. combined methods. Species accumulation curves indicate ARUs can capture ~93% of species present in BC but only ~58% in Chile, despite Chilean mountain communities being less diverse. The avian community, rather than landscape composition, appears to drive this dramatic difference. Chilean communities contain less-vocal species, which ARUs missed. Further, 6/13 families in BC were better detected by ARUs while 11/11 families in Chile were better detected by PCs. Where survey conditions differentially impacted method performance, PCs mostly varied over the morning and with canopy cover in BC, while ARUs mostly varied seasonally in Chile. Within a single year of monitoring, neither method alone was predicted to capture the full avian community, with the exception of ARUs in the alpine and subalpine of BC. PCs contributed little to detected diversity in BC, but including this method resulted in negligible increases in total time costs. Combining PCs with ARUs in Chile significantly increased species detections, again, for little cost. Combined methods were among the most efficient and accurate approaches to capturing diversity. We recommend conducting point counts while ARUs are being deployed and retrieved in order to capture additional diversity with minimal additional effort and to flag methodological biases using a comparative framework.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Efficacy of negative feedback in the HPA axis predicts recovery from acute challenges.

The glucocorticoid stress response mediates a suite of physiological and behavioral changes that allow vertebrates to cope with transient stressors. Chronically elevated glucocorticoid levels are known to result in a variety of organismal costs, but relatively little is known about the downstream effects of mounting a series of brief, acute spikes in circulating glucocorticoids. Conceptual models of stress suggest that repeated acute stressors might produce 'wear-and-tear' on the stress response system when encountered in sequence. We used a novel technique to experimentally induce acute corticosterone spikes on either three or six consecutive days in incubating tree swallows. Consistent with the 'wear-and-tear' hypothesis, we found that i) a sequence of corticosterone spikes produced cumulative effects on corticosterone regulation, ii) treatment frequency predicted the severity of consequences, and iii) individual variation in the ability to terminate the stress response through negative feedback predicted the duration of physiological disruption in the group that experienced the most frequent challenges. Our results illustrate the importance of assessing multiple aspects of the hormonal stress response and have implications for understanding both individual and population resilience to repeated transient stressors.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Comparative efficacy of GS-Hv1a against invasive tropical tephritids

Invasive tephritid fruit flies collectively pose a significant economic challenge to agricultural pest management globally. Insecticide resistance to a number of previously effective chemical classes has increased the risk these pests pose as management options become limited. We evaluated the efficacy of a novel class of peptide-based biorational insecticides containing the active ingredient, GS-omega/kappa-Hxtx-Hv1a (Hv1a), against four of tephritid species, oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), melon fly (Zeugodacus cucurbitae), Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata, "Medfly"), and Malaysian fruit fly (B. latrifrons). This assessment aimed to determine whether Hv1a has the potential for effective management of tropical tephritids, particularly in regions where insecticide resistance has developed to other products. We conducted two sets of screening assays with different methods of exposure, oral and topical, and compared survival over time in response to increasing concentrations of Hv1a up to 3.86 mg/ml. We found that efficacy was species dependent: Ceratitis capitata was susceptible following topical exposure, while the other species of fruit fly were not. While Medfly was susceptible following oral ingestions as well, the dose required to achieve mortality was greater than topical. We observed that mortality continued to decline up to 72 hours after exposure, indicating a delayed effect similar to other reduced-risk insecticidal products such as fipronil. For this reason, Hv1a may be useful as a horizontal transfer tool in conjunction with C. capitata male pheromone lures.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

"Efficacy of Plant-derived Fungicides at Inhibiting Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Growth" Dataset and Code

The emerging fungal amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), is currently spreading across Europe and given its estimated invasion potential, has the capacity to decimate salamander populations worldwide. Fungicides are a promising in situ management strategy for Bsal due to their ability to treat the environment and infected individuals. However, antifungal drugs or pesticides could adversely affect the environment and non-target hosts, thus identifying safe, effective candidate fungicides for in situ treatment is needed. Here, we estimated the inhibitory fungicidal efficacy of five plant-derived fungicides (thymol, curcumin, allicin, 6-gingerol, and Pond Pimafix®) and one chemical fungicide (Virkon® Aquatic) against Bsal zoospores in vitro. We used a broth microdilution method in 48-well plates to test the efficacy of six concentrations per fungicide on Bsal zoospore viability. Following plate incubation, we performed cell viability assays and agar plate growth trials to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of each fungicide. All six fungicides exhibited inhibitory and fungicidal effects against Bsal growth, with estimated MIC concentrations ranging from 60 to 0.156 μg/mL for the different compounds. Allicin showed the greatest efficacy (i.e., lowest MIC and MFC) against Bsal zoospores followed by curcumin, Pond Pimafix®, thymol, 6-gingerol, and Virkon® Aquatic, respectively. Our results provide evidence that plant-derived fungicides are effective at inhibiting and killing Bsal zoospores in vitro and may be useful for in situ treatment. Additional studies are needed to estimate the efficacy of these fungicides at inactivating Bsal in the environment and treating Bsal-infected amphibians.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Data that are used to Explain the Forcing Efficacy with Pattern Effect and Feedback Nonlinearity"

This dataset is for the draft "Explaining the Forcing Efficacy with Pattern Effect and Feedback Nonlinearity".     The netcdf file "last150yravg_picontrol.nc" represents the time-average fields for the last 150 years of PI-control experiment. Netcdf files beginning with "last20yravg" represent the time-average fields for the last 20 years (Year131-150) of abrupt forcing experiments.  Note that "0p5co2" in the file name denotes 0.5xCO2, "4psolar" denotes +4% solar radiation, and "m2psolar" denotes -2% solar radiation.     The netcdf files beginning with "fixedsst" represent the time-average fields for fixed-SST experiments, where the file "fixedsst_control.nc" denotes the fixed SST control experiment.     The netcdf files beginning with "uni" represent the time-average fields for uniform warming/cooling experiments, where the magnitude of SST change is indicated by the file names (m2K denotes -2K).     The text file "GFA_partialR_over_partial_SST" denote the value of partial_R over partial_SST for each grid, and its grid (96x144) is same as other netcdf files in this datasets .

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Evaluation of comparative efficacy of Babool Vati versus Tablet Metformin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Prameha)- a randomized controlled trial protocol

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Payload-delivering engineered γδ T cells display enhanced cytotoxicity, persistence, and efficacy in preclinical models of osteosarcoma

T cell-based cancer immunotherapy has typically relied on membrane-bound cytotoxicity enhancers such as chimeric antigen receptors expressed in autologous αβ T cells. These approaches are limited by tonic signaling of synthetic constructs and costs associated with manufacturing. γδ T cells are an emerging alternative for cellular therapy, possessing innate anti-tumor activity, potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and minimal alloreactivity. We present an immunotherapeutic platform technology built around the innate properties of the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell, harnessing specific characteristics of this cell type and offering an allo-compatible cellular therapy that recruits bystander immunity. We engineered γδ T cells to secrete synthetic tumor-targeting opsonins in the form of an scFv-Fc fusion protein and a mitogenic IL-15Ra–IL-15 fusion protein (stIL15). Using GD2 as a model antigen, we show that GD2-specific opsonin-secreting Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells) have enhanced cytotoxicity and promote bystander activity of other lymphoid and myeloid cells. Secretion of stIL-15 abrogated the need for exogenous cytokine supplementation and further mediated activation of bystander natural killer cells. Compared to unmodified γδ T cells, stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells exhibited superior in vivo control of subcutaneous tumors and persistence in the blood. Moreover, stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells were efficacious against patient-derived osteosarcomas in animal models and in vitro, where efficacy could be boosted with the addition of zoledronic acid. Together the data identify stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells as a candidate allogeneic cell therapy platform combining direct cytolysis with bystander activation to promote tumor control.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Fig. 4 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin

Fig. 4 Parity rate of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) collected in treated and control areas

Figure 4 in Efficacy of a topical formulation containing esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard Combo ) against natural infestations with the cat louse, Felicola subrostratus under field conditions

Figure 4. Number of cats according to the clinical score for hair loss in Group 1 (NexGard Combo®).

Figure 7 in Efficacy of a topical formulation containing esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard Combo ) against natural infestations with the cat louse, Felicola subrostratus under field conditions

Figure 7. Number of cats according to the clinical score for scales in Group 2 (Frontline Combo®).

Figure 6 in Efficacy of a topical formulation containing esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard Combo ) against natural infestations with the cat louse, Felicola subrostratus under field conditions

Figure 6. Number of cats according to the clinical score for scales in Group 1 (NexGard Combo®).

Figure 2 in Efficacy of a topical formulation containing esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard Combo ) against natural infestations with the cat louse, Felicola subrostratus under field conditions

Figure 2. Number of cats according to the clinical score for pruritus in Group 1 (NexGard Combo®).