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5,794 results for “exposures”
Table 1 in Perinatal exposure to a high-fat diet alters proopiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y and dopaminergic receptors gene expression and the food preference in offspring adult rats
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Experimental design. The rats were fed commercial standard diet for rodents control diet or high-fat diet during pregnancy, lactation and post-weaning (up to 100 days of life).During the feeding period, rats consumed both diets (control diet and high-fat diet). The numbers in parentheses indicate the animals number in each nutritional group.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Experimental Design</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Genitors (n)</b></th><td><b>Gestation and lactation</b></td><td><b>Offspring during lactation (n)</b></td><td><b>Offspring (n)</b></td><td><b>Post-weaning (21-100° life’s day)</b></td><td><b>Food preference (102-116º life’s day)</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>CC (12)</td><td>Control diet</td><td>Control diet</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>High-fat diet</td></tr><tr><th>GC (5)</th><td>Control diet</td><td>C (23)</td><td>CH (11)</td><td>High-fat diet</td><td>Control diet</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>High-fat diet</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>HC (11)</td><td>Control diet</td><td>Control diet</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>High-fat diet</td></tr><tr><th>GH (5)</th><td>High-fat diet</td><td>H (23)</td><td>HH (12)</td><td>High-fat diet</td><td>Control diet</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>High-fat diet</td></tr></tbody></table>
Quantification of gamma radiation exposure and radon/thoron exhalation rates in representative building materials in Ireland
<p>Data, models, mapsa nd publication produced during the postdoctoral fellowship: EPSPD/2022/141 </p>
Dataset related to article: "Health risk assessment for dietary exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol, 2-monochloropropane-1,2-diol, and glycidol for Italian consumers"
<p><span><span>Excel file containing food consumption data and concentration data in foodstuff used for exposure assessment<br></span></span></p>
A Modeling Framework for Near-Road Population Exposure to Traffic-Related PM2.5 and Environmental Equity Analysis: A Case Study in Atlanta, Georgia
<p>This is the dataset for the NCST project <em>"A Modeling Framework for Near-Road Population Exposure to Traffic-Related PM2.5 and Environmental Equity Analysis: A Case Study in Atlanta, Georgia"</em> by the Georgia Tech research team.</p> <p> </p> <p>Here is the abstract of the research: </p> <p>In this study, a modeling framework for population exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 with high spatiotemporal resolution is proposed and applied to the I-575/I-75 Northwest Corridor (NWC) in Atlanta, GA, for environmental equity analysis. The analyses retrieved trip data from the Atlanta Regional Commission’s (ARC) Activity-Based Model 2020 (ABM2020), after implementing path retention algorithms (Zhao, et al., 2019) to generate individual travel paths for more than 20 million predicted vehicle trips. Emission rates for each link were retrieved from MOVES-Matrix given the ABM link speed and facility type, the ARC’s county-level fleet composition data, and regional fuel properties and I&M program parameters. High-resolution downwind concentration profiles were predicted using EPA’s AERMOD microscale dispersion model with AERMET meteorology profiles for a huge array of receptors. Trip-end locations were derived from the ABM trip data, and the on-road trajectories for each person-trip (vehicle trace data) were derived from the travel paths through network. ABM synthetic household and person data were used in demographic assessment, and linked to representative household latitude and longitude locations in the Epsilon 2019 household demographic dataset. Individual exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 in time and space (average hourly concentration) was assessed by overlaying the second-by-second person location profiles (for 24 hours) against the hourly predicted PM2.5 concentration profiles. The analyses summarize the results across 16 demographic groups and the aggregate population exposure are compared to assess potential impact differences across demographics. High-income households in the corridor were exposed to less traffic-related air pollution as they tended to live further from the freeways. The analyses did not reveal large disproportionate negative impacts on low income groups along this specific corridor, but lager disproportionate negative impacts are expected elsewhere in the metro area due to the spatial clustering of income groups along other corridors. Overall, the research demonstrates the applicability of the modeling framework and describes how the various elements (e.g., link screening, dispersion modeling, path tracing, etc.) are optimized on the supercomputing cluster.</p>
Dataset: Effects of dietary exposure to plant toxins on bioaccumulation, survival, and growth of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) [larval performance]
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dataset: Effects of dietary exposure to plant toxins on bioaccumulation, survival, and growth of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) [concentrations]
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Annex B – Occurrence data on brominated phenols and their derivatives in food submitted to EFSA, dietary surveys per country and age group available in the EFSA Comprehensive Database considered in the exposure assessment, and the detailed results of the chronic dietary exposure assessment to 2,4,6-TBP and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposure
<p>This Annex contains the occurrence data submitted to EFSA, the dietary surveys per country and age group, and the detailed results of the chronic dietary exposure assessment to 2,4,6-TBP and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposure related to the Update of the risk assessment of brominated phenols and their derivatives in food.</p>
Data from: Developmental lead exposure has mixed effects on butterfly cognitive processes
While the effects of lead pollution have been well studied in vertebrates, it is unclear to what extent lead may negatively affect insect cognition. Lead pollution in soils can elevate lead in plant tissues, suggesting it could negatively affect neural development of insect herbivores. We used the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) as a model system to study the effect of lead pollution on insect cognitive processes, which play an important role in how insects locate and handle resources. Cabbage white butterfly larvae were reared on a 4-ppm lead diet, a concentration representative of vegetation in polluted sites; we measured eye size and performance on a foraging assay in adults. Relative to controls, lead-reared butterflies did not differ in time or ability to search for a food reward associated with a less preferred color. Indeed, lead-treated butterflies were more likely to participate in the behavioral assay itself. Lead exposure did not negatively affect survival or body size, and it actually sped up development time. The effects of lead on relative eye size varied with sex: lead tended to reduce eye size in males, but increase eye size in females. These results suggest that low levels of lead pollution may have mixed effects on butterfly vision, but only minimal impacts on performance in foraging tasks, although follow-up work is needed to test whether this result is specific to cabbage whites, which are often associated with disturbed areas.
Data from: A biphasic locomotor response to acute unsignaled high temperature exposure in Drosophila.
Unsignaled stress can have profound effects on animal behavior. While most investigation of stress-effects on behavior follows chronic exposures, less is understood about acute exposures and potential after-effects. We examined walking activity in Drosophila following acute exposure to high temperature or electric shock. Compared to initial walking activity, flies first increase walking with exposure to high temperatures then have a strong reduction in activity. These effects are related to the intensity of the high temperature and number of exposures. The reduction in walking activity following high temperature and electric shock exposures survives context changes and lasts at least five hours. Reduction in the function of the biogenic amines octopamine / tyramine and serotonin both strongly blunt the increase in locomotor activity with high temperature exposure. However, neither set of biogenic amines alter the long lasting depression in walking activity after exposure.
Costs of attributable burden disease to PM2.5 ambient air pollution exposure in Medellín, Colombia, 2010-2016
<pre>The repository includes the consolidated databases design to analyze the economic cost of local attributable burden disease to PM2.5 ambient air pollution in Medellín from 2010-2016.</pre>
Data and code archive for Andrews et al. 'Exposure to food insecurity increases energy storage and reduces somatic maintenance in European starlings'
<p>Data and code archive for Andrews et al. 'Exposure to food insecurity increases energy storage and reduces somatic maintenance in European starlings'</p> <p>The archive contains one R script and three .Rdata data files, relating to the mass data, the telomere data, and the food consumption data respectively.</p>
Neonatal exposure to BPA, BDE-99, and PCB produces persistent changes in hepatic transcriptome associated with gut dysbiosis in adult mouse livers
<p class="western"><span><span><span><b>Background</b>. Recent evidence suggests that multigenic and complex environmentally modulated diseases result from early life exposure to toxicants at least partly via gut microbial influences. Environmental toxicants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are breast milk-enriched persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and thus remain a continuing threat to human health despite being banned from production. Recent findings focused on the liver developmental reprogramming capabilities from neonatal BPA exposure; however, little is known on how PBDEs and PCBs regulate the liver transcriptome with respect to the gut microbiome. </span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span><b>Objectives</b>. We investigated whether the gut microbiome can be persistently reprogrammed with the liver following neonatal exposure to POPs, and whether microbial biomarkers associated with disease-prone changes in the hepatic epigenetic and transcriptomic landscape in adulthood. </span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span><b>Methods. </b>C57BL/6 male and female mouse pups were orally administered vehicle, bisphenol A (BPA), BDE-99 (a breast milk-enriched PBDE congener), or the Fox River PCB mixture (an environmentally relevant PCB mixture), between postnatal day (PND) 2 to 4, once daily for three consecutive days. Tissues were collected at PND5 and PND60 for 16S rDNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span><b>Results</b>. Neonatal exposure to BDE-99, followed by BPA and PCB, produced the greatest persistent changes in the adult hepatic transcriptome, including an inflammation and cancer-prone transcriptomic signature. BDE-99 exposure resulted in a persistent increase in <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> throughout the intestinal sections and feces. We observed persistent increases in acetate and succinate, metabolites <i>A. muciniphila</i><span> is able to produce.</span> Correspondingly, liver H3K4me1 and H3K27 acetylation were enriched around the loci encoding liver cancer-related genes following neonatal BDE-99 exposure. </span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span><b>Conclusion. </b><span>Similar to BPA, early life exposure to BDE-99 also produced a cancer-prone hepatic transcriptomic signature corresponding to an increase in permissive epigenetic signatures around cancer-related genes in adulthood. This positively associates with BDE-99 mediated increase in </span><i><span>A. muciniphila</span></i><span> and its metabolites which are established epigenetic modifiers. </span></span></span></span></p>
Lifelong exposure to artificial light at night impacts stridulation and locomotion activity patterns in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus
<p>This dataset contains data from a laboratory experiments described in the paper: "<span>Levy, K., Wegrzyn, Y., Efronny, R., Barnea, A., & Ayali, A. 2021 Lifelong exposure to artificial light at night impacts stridulation and locomotion activity patterns in the cricket <i>Gryllus bimaculatus.</i> Proc. R. Soc. B 20211626. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1626">https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.162</a></span>". </p> <p>Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing worldwide,with most of the world population living under light-polluted skies. Growing awareness of the harmful effects of ALAN calls for more comprehensive understanding of these effects. <span>The stridulation and locomotion patterns of adult male crickets reared under different lifelong ALAN intensities were monitored simultaneously for five consecutive days in custom-made anechoic chambers. Activity periods and acrophases were compared between the experimental groups. </span></p> <p><span>Control crickets exhibited a robust rhythm, stridulating at night and demonstrating locomotor activity during the day. In contrast, ALAN affected both the relative level and timing of the crickets' nocturnal and diurnal activity. ALAN induced free-running patterns, manifested in significant changes in the median and variance of the activity periods, and even arrhythmic behavior. The magnitude of disruption was light intensity dependent, revealing an increase in the difference between the activity periods calculated for stridulation and locomotion in the same individual. </span></p> <p><span>Our results demonstrate that ecologically-relevant ALAN intensities affect crickets' behavioral patterns, and may lead to decoupling of locomotion and stridulation behaviors at the individual level, and to loss of synchronization at the population level. </span></p>
Exposure, hazard and vulnerability all contribute to Schistosoma haematobium re-infection in northern Senegal
<p>The risk of infectious diseases, including snail-borne schistosomiasis, is determined by three interrelated components: exposure, hazard and vulnerability. For schistosomiasis, exposure occurs through behaviors involving water contact, but not without the environmental hazard of snails and parasites in the water. Socio-economic vulnerability makes it difficult to reduce exposure in the presence of hazard, because it increases reliance on hazardous activities and environments. We aimed to quantify the contributions of exposure, hazard and vulnerability to schistosome re-infection presence and intensity. We used cross-sectional parasitological data from 821 school-aged children in 13 villages along the Senegal River, survey data from 411 households where those children resided and ecological data from all 24 village water contact sites. We fit mixed-effects logistic and negative binomial regressions with indices of exposure, hazard and vulnerability as explanatory variables of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> infection, along with demographic control variables. Multi-model inference was used to determine the relative importance of each component of risk and model averaging was used to quantify associations between infection outcomes and indices of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. The most important component of <i>S. haematobium </i>presence was hazard (Ʃw<sub>i =</sub> 0.95), followed by vulnerability (Ʃw<sub>i</sub> = 0.91), while the most important component of <i>S. haematobium </i>intensity was exposure (Ʃw<sub>i</sub> = 1.00), followed by hazard (Ʃw<sub>i</sub> = 0.77). Hazard was positively associated with infection presence (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.12, 1.97), while exposure was positively associated with infection intensity. Our findings highlight how social (exposure and vulnerability) and environmental (hazard) processes act together to facilitate the acquisition and accumulation of schistosome infection from the environment across time and space. This approach can inform targeting of social and environmental interventions as complements to mass drug administration.</p>
Monoclonal antibodies from humans with Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure or latent infection recognize distinct arabinomannan epitopes
<p>The surface polysacharide arabinomannan (AM) and related glycolipid lipoarabinomannan (LAM) play critical roles in tuberculosis pathogenesis. Human antibody responses to AM/LAM are heterogenous and knowledge of reactivity to specific glycan epitopes at the monoclonal level is limited, especially in individuals who can control <i><span>M. tuberculosis</span></i> infection<span>. </span>We generated human IgG mAbs to AM/LAM from B cells of two asymptomatic individuals exposed to or latently infected with <i><span>M. tuberculosis</span></i>. We here show that two of these mAbs have high affinity to AM/LAM, are non-competing, and recognize different glycan epitopes <span>distinct from other anti-AM/LAM mAbs reported. Both mAbs recognize virulent </span><i><span>M. tuberculosis</span></i><span> and nontuberculous mycobacteria with marked differences, can be used for the detection of urinary LAM, and can detect </span><i><span>M. tuberculosis</span></i><span> and LAM in infected lungs. These mAbs enhance our understanding of the spectrum of antibodies to AM/LAM epitopes </span>in humans <span>and</span> are valuable for <span>tuberculosis</span> diagnostic and research applications.</p>
Magnitude-duration relationships of physiological sensitivity and environmental exposure improve climate change vulnerability assessments
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Integrating thermal physiology with environmental temperature is essential to understanding distributions of species and vulnerability to climate change. Warming tolerance—the difference between an organism's maximum thermal tolerance (T<sub>max</sub>) and maximum habitat temperature (T<sub>hab</sub>)—is frequently used to integrate organismal sensitivity and environmental exposure. Traditionally, applications of warming tolerance define T<sub>max</sub> and T<sub>hab</sub> as invariable magnitudes, yet tolerance magnitude depends on exposure duration and diel temperature cycles expose organisms to a range of temperature magnitudes and durations. How traditional (<em>i.e.</em>, acute) estimates of warming tolerance compare to estimates from prolonged exposures remains poorly understood. In this study, magnitude-duration curves for tolerances of one cold-water, two cool-water, and one warm-water species of freshwater fish were compiled from the literature and compared to magnitude-duration exposures from 66 streams across the eastern United States. Warming tolerances were estimated for exposure durations spanning 0.01 to 24 hours. Current acute (0.01 hours) warming tolerances ranged from median 6.30°C for the cold-water species to 9.68°C for the warm-water species. The lowest warming tolerances corresponded to prolonged exposures lasting median 3.85 to 5.30 hours among species and were 2.51 to 4.38°C lower than acute estimates. Although acute estimates remained positive in historically occupied and unoccupied streams (6.30°C versus 2.33°C), estimates based on prolonged exposure were positive at occupied streams of the cold-water species but transitioned to negative in unoccupied streams (2.19°C versus -1.12°C). Acute warming tolerances for the cold-water species also remained positive under future climate (6.29 to 4.23°C) but approached zero at prolonged durations (2.19 to 0.09°C) and transitioned to negative for 47.2% of streams. Results demonstrate that acute measures of T<sub>max</sub> and T<sub>hab</sub> overestimate warming tolerances and therefore underestimate climate change vulnerability. Integrating magnitude-duration relationships into warming tolerance estimates can elucidate physiological mechanisms underlying species distributions and can improve accuracy of climate change vulnerability assessments.</span></p>
Dataset and R code: Prior exposure to B. pertussis shapes the mucosal antibody response to acellular pertussis booster vaccination
<p>The R code and dataset for the figures created in the Nature communications manuscript titled "<strong>Prior exposure to <em>B. pertussis </em>shapes the mucosal antibody response to acellular pertussis booster vaccination"</strong>.</p> <p>contains:</p> <p>- excel dataset including the parameters needed for the figures</p> <p>- R code document with the code used to produce the figures and statistical analyses</p>
Identity and density of parasite exposures alter the outcome of co-infections: Implications for management
<p>1) Although research has focused on density-dependent responses of hosts to single-parasite infections, hosts are exposed to numerous parasites simultaneously under natural conditions and if these exposures lead to infections, they can threaten host populations and ecosystem stability. Moreover, spatiotemporal variation in abundance of co-occurring parasites might influence host infection intensity. If interactions are consistent between different co-infecting parasites, then these patterns could give managers another tool to control disease spread and even predict problematic disease emergences.</p> <p>2) We investigated how parasite density and identity alter within-host co-infection dynamics. To test this, we simultaneously exposed Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) as a model amphibian species to all pairwise combinations of three problematic parasites that commonly co-infect amphibians: the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the nematode Aplectana hamatospicula, and Ranavirus. Hosts were exposed to one parasite at a fixed dose and another parasite at a range of five doses.</p> <p>3) Higher doses of Bd decreased Ranaviral and A. hamatospicula loads, but Bd load was not influenced by the dose of either parasite. Ranaviral load was negatively associated with A. hamatospicula dose, but A. hamatospicula load was not affected by Ranaviral dose. We found that all the pairwise co-infections were dependent on parasite density and that pairwise interactions were highly asymmetric – strong in one direction and weak in the other – consistent with interactions dominating food webs.</p> <p>4) Synthesis and applications: We also revealed that the exposure dose of A. hamatospicula was positively associated with host tolerance to Bd infection and negatively associated with Ranaviral load in hosts. Ranavirus and Bd cause mass die-offs in amphibians, but A. hamatospicula does not. Therefore, in systems where these parasites coexist, maintaining or increasing densities of A. hamatospicula could reduce the negative effects of Bd and Ranavirus infections. Additionally, if these asymmetric and density dependent patterns from community ecology are applicable to other amphibian co-infections or co-infections in other systems, this should allow conservation organizations and resource managers to predict outbreaks and manage host declines associated with deadly parasites by modifying the abundance of co-infecting parasites that might be easier to manage.</p>
James et al. Short-term exposure to ciprofloxacin reduces proteoglycan loss in tendon explants DATASET
<p>Dataset associated with results in the article "Short-term exposure to ciprofloxacin reduces proteoglycan loss in tendon explants".</p>
Divergent water requirements partition exposure risk to parasites in wild equids
<p><span>For grazing herbivores, dung density in feeding areas is an important determinant of exposure risk to faecal-orally transmitted parasites. When host species share the same parasite species, a non-random distribution of their cumulative dung density and/or non-random ranging and feeding behaviour may skew exposure risk and the relative selection pressure parasites impose on each host. The arid-adapted Grevy's zebra (<em>Equus grevyi</em>) can range more widely than the water-dependent plains zebra (<em>Equus quagga</em>), with which it shares the same species of gastrointestinal nematodes. We studied how the spatial distribution of zebra dung relates to ranging and feeding behaviour to assess parasite exposure risk in Grevy's and plains zebras at a site inhabited by both zebra species. We found that zebra dung density declined with distance from water, Grevy's zebra home ranges (excluding those of territorial males) were farther from water than those of plains zebras, and plains zebra grazing areas had higher dung density than random points while Grevy's zebra grazing areas did not, suggesting a greater exposure risk in plains zebras associated with their water dependence. Faecal egg counts increased with home range proximity to water for both species, but the response was stronger in plains zebras, indicating that this host species may be particularly vulnerable to the elevated exposure risk close to water. We further ran experiments on microclimatic effects on dung infectivity and showed that fewer nematode eggs embryonated in dung in the sun than in the shade. However, only 5% of the zebra dung on the landscape was in shade, indicating that the microclimatic effects of shade on the density of infective larvae is not a major influence on exposure risk dynamics. Ranging constraints based on water requirements appear to be key mediators of nematode parasite exposure in free-ranging equids.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.