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Fig. 2 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 2. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Semi-schematic diagram of the ventral side, showing the fibrillar hook as well as the contractile vacuole and the somatic ciliary pattern. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the hook towards the left body margin. B. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are on average 6 (5–7) fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 33 (30–37) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and on average 11 (8–13) fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. C. Shape variants of fibrillar hooks. The hook is composed of two unequally long arms: the longer arm is flat and 25–35 µm long, while the shorter arm appears slightly more robust at the base and is 8–13 µm long. D–E. Lateral somatic kineties form a right and a left subterminal suture in the posterior body region. F. Ventral view, showing the general body organization. G. The cytoplasm contains innumerable granules being ca 0.4 µm across and rod-like bacteria being about 3–15 µm long. Scale bars: A, F = 50 µm; B = 10 µm.
Fig. 1 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 1. Map of Slovakia showing the localization of six collection sites (marked by black dots). A schematized outline of Bratislava City is depicted left of the map of Slovakia. Rectangles A and B indicate the two Bratislava study areas, whose details are shown in panels (A) and (B) under the map of Slovakia. For locality codes and further details, see Table 1.
Fig. 6 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 6. Metaradiophrya varians (de Puytorac, 1954), Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Semi-schematic diagram of the ventral side, showing the localization of fibrillar hook, the arrangement of contractile vacuoles and the somatic ciliary pattern. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. B. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are 5 or 6 fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 26 (22–29) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and 11 or 12 fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. C. Shape variants of fibrillar hooks. The longer arm of the hook measures on average 30 µm, while the shorter arm only 11 µm. D–E. The macronucleus is rodlike and accompanied by an elliptical micronucleus. F–I. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the contractile vacuole and nuclear apparatus. There are two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles arranged along the left and right side of the macronucleus. Drawn to scale. J. Ventral view, showing a late divider. Scale bars: A, F–J = 50 µm; B = 20 µm.
Fig. 3 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 3. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are on average 6 (5–7) fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 33 (30–37) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and on average 11 (8–13) fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. B, F–M. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the contractile vacuole and nuclear apparatus. Drawn to scale. C–E. The macronucleus is rod-like and its surface is smooth or with some indistinct irregularities. However, many small vesicules appear in its vicinity in dying cells. The micronucleus is elliptical and typically situated close to the mid-portion of the macronucleus. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B, F–M = 100 µm.
Fig. 4 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 4. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. A–B. Ventral view of representative specimens, showing the typical body shape, localization of the fibrillar hook, the long rod-like macronucleus and two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles (arrowheads). C–D. Detail, showing the long rod-like macronucleus, a single micronucleus, contractile vacuoles and cytoplasmic bacteria. The central region of the micronucleus appears homogenous and brighter than its margin in the differential interference optics and might represent a central nucleolus. E–F. Somatic ciliature is holotrichous and composed of very densely ciliated meridional kineties. In the posterior body region, lateral somatic kineties form a right and a left subterminal suture (arrow in E), whose detail is shown in the left inset. Scale bars: A–B = 100 µm; C–D = 10 µm; E–F = 20 µm.
Fig. 5. A–B in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 5. A–B. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. Details of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are on average 6 (5–7) fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 33 (30–37) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and on average 11 (8–13) fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. The somatic kineties above the suture run towards the anterior body end where they curve onto the dorsal body side to meridionally extend over its surface towards the posterior body end. On the other hand, the somatic kineties below the suture run meridionally over the ventral side towards the posterior body end. The ventral somatic kineties are lined with fibers attached to the fibrillar hook. Scale bars: 20 µm.
Antileishmanial compounds isolated from Psidium guajava L. using a metabolomic approach
<p>With an estimated annual incidence of 1 million cases, leishmaniasis is one of the top five vector-borne diseases. Currently available treatments involve side effects, including toxicity, non-specific targeting, and resistance development. Thus, new antileishmanial chemical entities are of the utmost interest to fight against this disease. The aim of this study was to obtain potential antileishmanial natural products from <em>Psidium guajava</em> leaves using a metabolomic workflow. Several crude extracts from <em>P. guajava</em> leaves harvested from different locations Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) were profiled by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry and evaluated for their antileishmanial activities. The putative active compounds were highlighted by multivariate correlation analysis between the antileishmanial response and chromatographic profiles of <em>P. guajava</em> mixtures. The results showed that the pooled apolar fractions from <em>P. guajava</em> were the most active (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.96±0.47 µg/mL). Multivariate data analysis of the apolar fractions highlighted a family of triterpenoid compounds, including jacoumaric acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.318±0.59 µg/mL) and corosolic acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.01±0.06 µg/mL). Our approach allowed the identification of antileishmanial compounds from the crude extracts in only a small number of steps steps and can be easily adapted for use in the discovery workflows of several other natural products.</p>
Figures 3–11 in Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Parque Estadual São Camilo, an isolated Atlantic Forest remnant in western Paraná, Brazil
Figures 3–11. Full-face, lateral and dorsal view of the new genera records for the Paraná state and Southern Brazil according to the survey carried out in the Parque Estadual São Camilo, Palotina: (3–5) Carebara brevipilosa; (6–8) Rasopone ferruginea; (9–11) Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus. Scale: 0.2 mm.
Figure 2 in Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Parque Estadual São Camilo, an isolated Atlantic Forest remnant in western Paraná, Brazil
Figure 2. Number of ant species per genus recorded in the Parque Estadual São Camilo, Palotina, PR, Brazil.
Figures 5–10 in Scopaeus saotomensis spec. nov., a flightless rove beetle from the Island of São Tomé (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini) - Isolation and adaptation in a dark, humid, tropical forest environment
Figures 5–10. Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia; aedeagus in lateral (5), ventral (6), dorsal (7) view; abdominal sternite VII (8); abdominal sternite VIII in ventral (9) and lateral (10) view. Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes (apical lobes and dorsal lobe not distinguishable), f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobes, mf – median foramen, mtf – median tooth of flagellum, p – parameres, sl – groups of setae of lateral lobes, sp – setae of phallobase, vdl – ventrodextral, lobiform enlargement of distal lobes, vl – ventral lobe.
Figure 1 in Scopaeus saotomensis spec. nov., a flightless rove beetle from the Island of São Tomé (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini) - Isolation and adaptation in a dark, humid, tropical forest environment
Figure 1. Habitus of Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia.
Figures 2–4 in Scopaeus saotomensis spec. nov., a flightless rove beetle from the Island of São Tomé (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini) - Isolation and adaptation in a dark, humid, tropical forest environment
Figures 2–4. Scopaeus saotomensis, lateral aspect exhibiting basal depressions of abdominal tergites (upper arrows), basal constrictions of abdominal sternites (lower arrows), and stridular file on dorsolateral surface of metaventrite (2); enlarged view of stridular file (3); plectral ridges on posterior surface of base of mesothoracic leg (4).
Figs 1–5 in A Description of Cochliopodium a Freshwater Habitat megatetrastylus n. sp. Isolated from
Figs 1–5. Light microscopic and fine structure images of Cochliopodium megatetrastylus n. sp. 1–3. Morphology of living C. megatetrastylus n. sp. during locomotion. 1 – locomoting amoebae with anterior hyaloplasm fringe; 2 – morphology of the relatively short subpseudopodia that become adhesive laterally and posteriorly, and attach to the substratum; 3 – aggregation and fusion of amoebae (inset shows a large and nearby small cyst). All scale bars: 20 µm; 4 – fine structure of a cell in cross-section showing the nucleus (N) and prominent nucleolus (Nu), vacuole (V), emergent pseudopodia (Ps) from the ventral surface, and showing scales (arrow) covering the dorsal surface. Scale bar: 2 µm; 5 – tubulo-cristate mitochondria (M) near the cell periphery, coated with surface scales (arrows) shown in profile. Double-headed arrows indicate the distance (~ 0.2 µm) between the bases of a pair of opposite styles that support the apical collar. Scale bar: 0.5 µm.
Fig. 7 in Morphological Description of Telaepolella tubasferens n. g. n. sp., Isolate ATCC© 50593™, a Filose Amoeba in the Gracilipodida, Amoebozoa
Fig. 7. Sequential phase contrast micrographs of encysting T. tubasferens. The individual was observed at irregular intervals. A–H – formation of a first, larger cyst; I–J – formation of second, smaller cyst; phase contrast in I, Hoffmann modulation contrast in J. Scale bar for all images: 20 µm.
Fig. 4 in Morphological Description of Telaepolella tubasferens n. g. n. sp., Isolate ATCC© 50593™, a Filose Amoeba in the Gracilipodida, Amoebozoa
Fig. 4. Fine structure of amoeboid forms. A – a nucleus (N) with undulating margin and somewhat irregularly shaped nucleolus (Nu); B – mitochondria (M) with tubular cristae, and the uncoated peripheral plasma membrane with villous-like protrusions (arrow); C – an apparent feeding invagination of the cell contains bacteria (B) and an enlarged arrangement of plasma membrane protrusions (asterisk); D – "trumpet-shaped" tapered assembly of microtubules (arrow) distributed in the cytoplasm; E – an enlarged view of the microtubular assembly showing arrangement of the electron dense broadened attachment plates (arrow) where the microtubules terminate. Scale bar in A: 2 µm, B: 0.5 µm, C: 1 µm and D, E: 0.3 µm.
Fig. 3 in Morphological Description of Telaepolella tubasferens n. g. n. sp., Isolate ATCC© 50593™, a Filose Amoeba in the Gracilipodida, Amoebozoa
Fig. 3. Phase contrast micrographs of T. tubasferens, large locomotive forms. A – a large multinucleated individual in active locomotion; B – a detail of the fine, filose pseudopods at the trailing region of the individual in A; C – a distinct large individual in active locomotion; D – a detail of the anterior hyaline margin of the individual in C; E – a different morphology of large individual, at beginning of locomotion; F – a typical trailing pseudopod at the uroidal region, with corkscrew aspect; G – an individual with a very high number of filose pseudopods protruded at the anterior region; H, I – a locomotive individual with a high number of pseudopods at the trailing region; J, K, L, M – a sequential documentation of a locomotive amoeba, to demonstrate the aspect of the trailing and anterior regions during active movement. Scale bar for all images: 50 µm.
Fig. 2 in Morphological Description of Telaepolella tubasferens n. g. n. sp., Isolate ATCC© 50593™, a Filose Amoeba in the Gracilipodida, Amoebozoa
Fig. 2. Phase contrast micrographs of T. tubasferens trophic forms. A – contrasting size of five individuals within a monoeukaryotic culture; B – a small tetranucleated individual; C – medium sized individual with a large anterior region; D, E, F – different morphologies of small sized individuals; G, H, I – different morphologies of large, multinucleated individuals, without extensive branching; J, K – typical extensively branched large individual, showing many gaps within the cytoplasm; L – a large individual. Scale bar for all images: 50 µm.
Fig. 1 in Morphological Description of Telaepolella tubasferens n. g. n. sp., Isolate ATCC© 50593™, a Filose Amoeba in the Gracilipodida, Amoebozoa
Fig. 1. Life history diagram of T. tubasferens. a – small trophic form (50-100 μm); b – larger trophic form (100–300 μm); c – cyst; d – floating form; e – larger multinucleated form (up to 500 μm). Steps in gray indicated with a question mark have not been observed, but are hypothesized to happen. Image drawn by GK and DL.
Figs 6, 7 in A Description of Cochliopodium a Freshwater Habitat megatetrastylus n. sp. Isolated from
Figs 6, 7. Fine structure details of the nucleus of Cochliopodium megatetrastylus n. sp. 6 – examples of nuclei varying from somewhat rounded with undulating margin to those with lobe-like extensions (arrow); 7 – a lenticular shaped nucleus viewed in one plane of section. Scale bars: 1 µm.
Fig. 10 in A Description of Cochliopodium a Freshwater Habitat megatetrastylus n. sp. Isolated from
Fig. 10. Diagram of C. megatetrastylus n. sp. scale showing the grid-like base plate and the apical conical collar supported on four styles. Scale bar: 0.1 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.