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opennotspecifiedApr 2018View details →

FIGURE 12 in Species delimitation in the Gehyra nana (Squamata: Gekkonidae) complex: cryptic and divergent morphological evolution in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics, with the description of four new species

FIGURE 12. Holotype of Gehyra granulum sp. nov. (WAM R176212) from Bell Gorge, WA (scale bar = 10 mm).

opennotspecifiedMar 2017View details →

Fig. 10 Z in Morphology and evolution of the nervous system in Gnathostomulida (Gnathifera, Spiralia)

Fig. 10 Z-projections of the nervous system of Austrognathia microconulifera. Serotonin-like immunoreactivity in white, α-tubulinlike immunoreactivity in yellow, FRMF-amid-like immunoreactivity in magenta, and synapsin 2-like immunoreactivity in green. Anterior to the left. a Entire body. b–d Nervous structures in the ventro-anterior part of the body. e–h Brain and sensory structures in the head region. i and j Ventral nervous structures in the middle part of the trunk. k–n Ventral nervous structures in the posterior part of the body. Abbreviations: ano anterior sensory organ; b brain; bg buccal ganglion; bn buccal nerve; bp brain perikarya; cgr ciliary gut receptor; dac dorso-anterior commissure; dc dorso-lateral nerve cord; dp dorsal perikarya; dpc dorso-posterior

opennotspecifiedMay 2017View details →

Fig. 8 Cotylea 28S in Polycladida phylogeny and evolution: integrating evidence from 28S rDNA and morphology

Fig. 8 Cotylea 28S rDNA phylogeny showing genus gross morphology and the new systematic division of monophyletic superfamilies. Figures from Marcus (1947, 1949, 1950, 1952), Marcus and Marcus (1968), and Newman and Cannon (1994, 1996, 2000) (un- der permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd.; http://www. tandfonline.com)

opennotspecifiedMay 2017View details →

Fig. 4 in Polycladida phylogeny and evolution: integrating evidence from 28S rDNA and morphology

Fig. 4 Selected polyclad species used in this study. a Adenoplana evelinae. b Phaenocelis medvedica. c Notoplana sp. d Notocomplana sp. e Armatoplana leptalea. f Melloplana ferruginea. g Imogine sp. h Planocera sp. i Hoploplana divae. j Cestoplana techa. k Cestoplana

Fig. 11 in Parallel evolution of leaf morphology in gnetophytes

Fig. 11 Leaf venation patterns of Cretaceous gnetophytes. a Siphonospermum simplex Rydin et Friis. b–d Drewria potomacensis Crane et Upchurch (redrawn from Crane and Upchurch 1987)

Fig. 8 in Parallel evolution of leaf morphology in gnetophytes

Fig. 8 Reconstruction of Ephedra multinervia displaying dichasial branching pattern, the lengthy and strap-shaped leaves and the sessile two-seeded female cones having a receptacle. b bract, fru female reproductive unit, l leaf, r receptacle

Fig. 5 in Parallel evolution of leaf morphology in gnetophytes

Fig. 5 Nodal portion of a shoot of Ephedra multinervia. a The swollen node and the lengthy strap leaf. b The multiple dichotomizing parallel veins. c Connections of veins. l leaf, v vein, n node

Fig. 2 in Parallel evolution of leaf morphology in gnetophytes

Fig. 2 Leaf venation of the modern gnetophytes. a–b Ephedra (from Foster 1971). c Gnetum (from Rodin 1967). d Welwitschia (from Martens 1971)

Fig. 1 in Parallel evolution of leaf morphology in gnetophytes

Fig. 1 Phylogeny of the modern gnetophytes indicating the diversified morphology of leaves and female cones

opennotspecifiedJul 2014View details →

Fig. 4 in Rediscovery of an internal organ in heart urchins (Echinoidea: Spatangoida): morphology and evolution of the intestinal caecum

Fig. 4 Homology of selected accessory structures associated with the digestive tract of heart urchins (Echinoidea: Spatangoida). a Dissected specimen of Brisaster latifrons (left) and schematic drawing of the general digestive tract morphology found within all species of the genera Brisaster and Tripylaster, as well as some species of the genus Abatus (right). b Dissected specimen of Heterobrissus niasicus (left) and

opennotspecifiedJul 2014View details →

Fig. 3 in Rediscovery of an internal organ in heart urchins (Echinoidea: Spatangoida): morphology and evolution of the intestinal caecum

Fig. 3 Absence and presence of the intestinal caecum in selected paleopneustine heart urchins (Spatangoida: Paleopneustina). Aboral views of partially dissected specimens. Ambulacrum III facing upwards. a–c Representatives of three outgroup taxa, i.e., Prenasteridae (a),

FIGURE 6 in Phylogeny of the Henriquezieae-Posoquerieae-Sipaneeae, a Guayanan-centered clade of Rubiaceae: implications for morphological evolution

FIGURE 6. One of the most parsimonious trees from the cpDNA (trnL-F and rps16) sequence data showing character-states reconstruction of A. Number of ovules per locule; B, Fruit type.

FIGURE 5 in Phylogeny of the Henriquezieae-Posoquerieae-Sipaneeae, a Guayanan-centered clade of Rubiaceae: implications for morphological evolution

FIGURE 5. One of the most parsimonious trees from the cpDNA (trnL-F and rps16) sequence data showing character-states reconstruction of A. Habit; B, Pollen Catapult mechanism.

FIGURE 4 in Phylogeny of the Henriquezieae-Posoquerieae-Sipaneeae, a Guayanan-centered clade of Rubiaceae: implications for morphological evolution

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree from the parsimony analysis of: A. ITS sequence data; B. Morphological data; C. Combined analysis of molecular data (ITS, trnL-F, and rps16); D. Total combined analysis of molecular (ITS, trnL-F, and rps16) and morphological data. Bootstrap support values and posterior probabilities from the Bayesian analysis are indicated above and below branches respectively.

FIGURE 2 in Phylogeny of the Henriquezieae-Posoquerieae-Sipaneeae, a Guayanan-centered clade of Rubiaceae: implications for morphological evolution

FIGURE 2. Morphological diversity in the Posoquerieae. A. Posoqueria latifolia, flowers; B. Posoqueria sp. 1, fruits and seeds; C–E, P. velutina; C, detail of the anther head before pollen release; D, pin playing the role of a pollinator; E, detail of the central stamen after triggered the pollen on the pins head; F, P. williamsii, detail of the anther head before anthesis; G, P. latifolia, upper part of the corolla, detail of the anther head; H, Posoqueria sp. 1, detail of the anther head, before (bottom) and after (top) pollen

FIGURE 1 in Phylogeny of the Henriquezieae-Posoquerieae-Sipaneeae, a Guayanan-centered clade of Rubiaceae: implications for morphological evolution

FIGURE 1. Morphological diversity in the Henriquezieae. A, Platycarpum decipiens, habit; B–C, P. schultesii; B, habit; C, flowers; D, P. decipiens, fruit; E, Henriquezia nitida, fruit; F, P. decipiens, seeds inside the fruit; G, P. schultesii, glands on petiole bases. Photos, R. Cortés-B.

FIGURE 3 in Phylogeny of the Henriquezieae-Posoquerieae-Sipaneeae, a Guayanan-centered clade of Rubiaceae: implications for morphological evolution

FIGURE 3. Strict consensus tree from the parsimony analysis (left) and the majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis (right) based on the combined data set of cpDNA (trnL-F and rps16). Numbers indicate bootstrap support above 50% (left) and posterior probabilities (right). Tribe names abbreviation: ALE, Aleisanthieae; COF, Coffeeae; CON, Condamineeae; GAR, Gardenieae; HEN, Henriquezieae; IXO, Ixoreae; MUS, Mussaendeae; OCT, Octotropideae; PAV, Pavetteae; POS, Posoquerieae; RET, Retiniphylleae; SCY, Scyphiphoreae; SIP, Sipaneeae; VAN, Vanguerieae.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Behavioral and morphological traits interact to promote the evolution of alternative reproductive tactics in a lizard

Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are predicted to be the result of disruptive correlational selection on suites of morphological, physiological and behavioral traits. ARTs are most obvious when they occur in discrete morphs with concomitant behavioral tactics. However, ARTs driven by behavior, in species lacking obvious phenotypic differences, are rarely documented and poorly understood. We quantified selection acting on phenotypic traits predicted to characterize ARTs by observing marked lizards in six semi-natural populations. We quantified reproductive fitness for each male using 6 microsatellite DNA loci from 226 offspring born to 56 females. Candidate models containing directional and correlational selection gradients were equally supported. As predicted, large males with large home ranges and large males who were observed frequently had the highest reproductive success. We also found evidence that large males that moved little, but were observed frequently and large males which moved frequently, but were observed little, were predicted to have high fitness. Model predictions support our verbal hypothesis regarding the phenotypes characterizing ARTs and suggest that large males may be adopting subtly different tactics to acquire paternity. Our results suggest that disruptive correlational selection between behavioral traits may drive the evolution of ARTs in 'cryptic' systems that lack overt polymorphisms.

opennotspecifiedDec 2005View details →

FIGURE 16 in Taxonomic review of the Tribe Melaenini (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with observations on morphological, ecological and chorological evolution

FIGURE 16. Geographical range of the species of Cymbionotum (Procoscinia), and of Cymbionotum (s. str.) basale species group illustrated on an outline map of South America and of southwestern Asia, southern Europe and Africa.