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539 results for “organic carbon”
STREAM CONDUCTIVITY, pH, DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON 1990-1992 (Pre-LTER)
Prior to the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, research was being conducted on some of the Taylor Valley streams through an ongoing study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Science Foundation. This dataset contains chemistry values collected from twelve of the Fryxell basin streams during the 1990-91 and 1991-92 austral summers.
Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen measurements from Go-Flo bottles sampling the water column from a zodiac during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 1991 - 2012.
All organisms are composed of organic matter. Organic matter is synthesized from dissolved inorganic carbon (dissolved CO2) and inorganic nutrients by phytoplankton photosynthesis, and consumed (oxidized) by respiration by heterotrophs (zooplankton and bacteria). The organic matter in seawater is a variable mixture of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM). Typically DOM predominates over POM by an order of magnitude, but the relative amount of POM can be highly enhanced during large phytoplankton blooms. The principal elemental components of POM include organic carbon (POC), organic nitrogen (PN), there is no particulate inorganic N) and phosphorus (POP). These elements exist in a relatively stable, characteristic ratio of 106:6:1 (C:N:P) in seawater, known as the Redfield Ratio. Marine particulate matter is a complex mixture of live and dead plankton and detritus, and of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. POC and PN are enhanced in the euphoric zone, reflecting their origin by photosynthesis. The particulate pool is also a complex assemblage of particles of different sizes, shapes and densities. A simplified scheme divides the particles into large, rapidly sinking particles (10s - 100s of meters per day) and smaller, suspended particles. The transition between small particles and dissolved organic matter is typically specified by filtration through GF/F filters. POC and PN are analyzed for all samples in the upper 50 meters at Palmer Station B (75 m depth) and the upper 65 m at Station E (200 m depth). There is a gradient of POM from higher values inshore to much lower values in deep ocean water beyond the continental shelf break (sampled on the annual cruise).
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) taken from discrete water column samples collected during annual cruise along western Antarctic Peninsula, 2003-2012.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a poorly-characterized but large and dynamic pool of actively-cycling carbon in the oceans, and one of the largest organic carbon pools on the planet. The total DOC pool consists of three major fractions: refractory DOC resistant to microbial oxidation with a turnover time of millennia; semi-labile DOC, produced and decomposed on seasonal timescales, and labile DOC, consisting of simple, recently-produced compounds with nanomolar concentrations, and turnover times of minutes-days. The background concentration of refractory DOC in the deep ocean is 35-45 micromolar. DOC concentration in the upper 100-200 meters is enhanced by 10-50 micromolar with the addition of semilabile DOC. In subtropical and temperate oceans, semilabile DOC can form an important part of the carbon export by deep vertical mixing into the oceanic mid-depths. Concentrations of semilabile DOC are lower in the polar Southern Ocean than in most other regions.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) taken from discrete water column samples collected between October and April at Palmer Station, 2002-2012.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a poorly-characterized but large and dynamic pool of actively-cycling carbon in the oceans, and one of the largest organic carbon pools on the planet. The total DOC pool consists of three major fractions: refractory DOC resistant to microbial oxidation with a turnover time of millennia; semi-labile DOC, produced and decomposed on seasonal timescales, and labile DOC, consisting of simple, recently-produced compounds with nanomolar concentrations, and turnover times of minutes-days. The background concentration of refractory DOC in the deep ocean is 35-45 micromolar. DOC concentration in the upper 100-200 meters is enhanced by 10-50 micromolar with the addition of semilabile DOC. In subtropical and temperate oceans, semilabile DOC can form an important part of the carbon export by deep vertical mixing into the oceanic mid-depths. Concentrations of semilabile DOC are lower in the polar Southern Ocean than in most other regions.
Soil Organic Carbon balance
<p>Provisional demonstration of SOC balance in eucalyptus and sugarcane systems in Brazil</p>
Role of black carbon in the formation of primary organic aerosols: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations: Supplementary Materials
<p>This zip file contains supplements for the article entitled "Role of black carbon in the formation of primary organic aerosols: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations" authored by Zhou et al. including three different sets of data as follows:</p> <p>data: Data files that contain optimized atomistic configurations of organic molecules adsorbed on nanoparticles are provided. These .xyz files contain the atomic coordinates of the adsorbed organic molecules. The first line in each file contains the total number of atoms, the second line comprises three integers corresponding to the number of molecules, number of atoms in each molecule and number of atoms in the nanoparticle, and each subsequent line contains the atomic species and the three Cartesian coordinates (in Angstrom) for an atom. Please see the PDF in the directory for instructions.</p> <p>code: Sets of Lammps simulation input scripts.</p> <p>video: Supplements demonstrating the formation process of molecular clusters of these simulations.</p>
Supplemental information for McClelland et al. (2020). Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks – A meta-analysis
<p>All supplemental information for McClelland et al. (2020). Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks – A meta-analysis. </p>
The Pulse of the Amazon: Fluxes of dissolved organic carbon, nutrients, and ions from the world's largest river
<p>Water chemistry and discharge data for Amazon River @ Obidos.</p>
Data from: Spatial-temporal variability and related factors of soil organic carbon in Henan province
Spatial variability and influence factors are important to evaluate soil organic carbon(SOC) and the carbon pool in large areas. In the present study, sampling was conducted from May to November 2011 in Henan province, a typical agricultural region of central China, to study the effects of soil properties and anthropogenic factors on SOC variability in cropland. Physicochemical properties of soil samples were analyzed, which were collected at 280 sites from the surface layer (at a depth of 0–20 cm), and related data about the sampling sites were also collected from the Second State Soil Survey of China (SSSSC), conducted in 1981. The main results were as follows: 1) Increasing trends in soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and soil organic carbon pool (SOCP) were obvious from 1981 to 2011, and we conclude that cropland presents great carbon sequestration potential for the future. Carbon pool ability varied with soil properties: the order of fixed carbon amount in different soil types was found to be Inceptisols > Luvisols > Semi-hydromorphic soil > Anthrosols, and the average SOCP increased significantly from 1981 to 2011. 2) Soil bulk density, pH and returning straw are the key influence factors for SOCD in the past 30 years. 3) Although random factors (returning straw) only explain 29.1% of SOCD variability, the factor should be paid more attention, because application of returning strawwas the most dominant anthropogenic factors, which can be used to improve cropland productivity and carbon sink capacity within a short period if they are properly managed in the future.
Data from: Direct and indirect effects of nitrogen enrichment on soil organisms and carbon and nitrogen mineralization in a semi‐arid grassland
1. Semi-arid grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau are expected to experience high inputs of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen in this century. It remains unclear, however, how soil organisms and nutrient cycling are directly affected by N enrichment (i.e., without mediation by plant input to soil) vs. indirectly affected via changes in plant-related inputs to soils resulting from N enrichment. 2. To test the direct and indirect effects of N enrichment on soil organisms (bacteria, fungi, and nematodes) and their associated C and N mineralization, in 2010 we designated two subplots (with plants and without plants) in every plot of a six-level N-enrichment experiment established in 1999 in a semi-arid grassland. 3. In 2014, 4 years after subplots with and without plant were established, N enrichment had substantially altered the soil bacterial, fungal, and nematode community structures due to declines in biomass or abundance whether plants had been removed or not. N enrichment also reduced the diversity of these groups (except for fungi) and the soil C mineralization rate and induced a hump-shaped response of soil N mineralization. As expected, plant removal decreased the biomass or abundance of soil organisms and C and N mineralization rates due to declines in soil substrates or food resources. 4. Analyses of plant removal-induced changes (ratios of without- to with-plant subplots) showed that microorganisms and C and N mineralization rates were not enhanced as N enrichment increased but that nematodes were enhanced as N enrichment increased, indicating that the effects of plant removal on soil organisms and mineralization depended on trophic level and nutrient status.5. Surprisingly, there was no statistical interaction between N enrichment and plant removal for most variables, indicating that plant-related inputs did not qualitatively change the effects of N enrichment on soil organisms or mineralization. Structural equation modeling confirmed that changes in soil communities and mineralization rates were more affected by the direct effects of N enrichment (via soil acidification and increased N availability) than by plant-related indirect effects. Our results provide insight into how future changes in N-deposition and vegetation may modify below-ground communities and processes in grassland ecosystems.
Long time-series (2020-2100) high-resolution (1km) multi-scenario and multi-depth soil organic carbon dataset in China
<p>unit: kg C m-2 (soil oganic carbon density)</p><p>0100: denote 0-100 cm</p><p>020: denote 0-20 cm</p><p>Example 2020: 2020-2024 (five years mean soc)</p>
Supplemental Data for "Soil organic carbon change can reduce the climate benefits of biofuel produced from forest residues"
<p>The files contain the code and supplementary data for the article.</p>
Fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in soils
<p>Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution plays roles in soil C storage and biogeochemical cycles. Factors regulating fluxes and concentrations of DOC still remain unclear. To identify the factors regulating fluxes and concentrations of DOC in the soil profiles, we compiled the data of site information [Country, Region or state, Coordinates, Vegetation, Mean annual air temperature (ºC), Climate type, Vegetation type, Mycorrhiza type, Soil (USDA, Soil Taxonomy)], soil properties [Litter pH (H<sub>2</sub>O), Soil pH (H<sub>2</sub>O), Soil C/N ratio, Clay (%), Al<sub>o</sub>+1/2Fe<sub>o</sub> (g kg<sup>-1</sup>), O horizon C stock (Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup>), Mineral soil C stock (Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup>)], fluxes and concentrations of DOC [Throughfall DOC flux (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), DOC flux at the bottom of the O horizon (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), DOC flux at the bottom of the B horizon (kg C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), DOC concentration at the bottom of the O horizon (mg C L<sup>-1</sup>), DOC concentration at the bottom of the B horizon (mg C L<sup>-1</sup>), DOC/Dissolved organic N (DON) (O horizon), DOC/DON (B horizon), Precipitation (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>), Water flux at the bottom of the O horizon (mm y<sup>r-1</sup>), Water flux at the bottom of B horizon (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)], plant litter properties [Litterfall C input (Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), C/N ratio in litter, Lignin content in litter (%), Lignin/N ratio in litter, Root litter C input (Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>)], and DOC retention in mineral soil (%), DOC flux relative to C input (%), Contribution of DOC to C input in mineral soil (%), and Turnover time of mineral soil C (yr)].</p>
Patterns and drivers of soil organic carbon fractions and persistence in coastal wetlands in China
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dataset for Prolonged storage of bound organic carbon in wetland but not upland soils: A 13C and 14C perspective
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Spatiotemporal prediction of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) for pan-Europe (2000-2022) in 3D+T
<h2><strong>Sub-dataset: SOCD mean, 2000-2004</strong></h2> <h2>Disclaimer</h2> <p>This is the first release of pan-EU predictions of soil health indicators (the Soil Health Data Cube). Use for testing purposes only. A publication describing methods used has been submitted to PeerJ and is in review. Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Commision. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. The data is provided "as is". AI4SoilHealth project consortium and its suppliers and licensors hereby disclaim all warranties of any kind, express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. Neither AI4SoilHealth project Consortium nor its suppliers and licensors, makes any warranty that the Website will be error free or that access thereto will be continuous or uninterrupted. You understand that you download from, or otherwise obtain content or services through, the Website at your own discretion and risk.</p> <h2>Description</h2> <p>This dataset covers pan-European areas, including Ukraine, the UK, and Turkey. This data cube could be used for applications such as soil property mapping and comprehensive soil health assessment across Europe. The dataset spans four depth ranges and multiple time periods, providing information for studies on soil organic carbon stock and dynamics.</p> <p>This dataset is part of the Spatiotemporal prediction of soil organic carbon density for Europe (2000-2022) in 3D+T dataset. Check the related identifiers section below to access other parts of the dataset.</p> <p>This data set includes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Soil Organic Carbon Density (SOCD) (2000-2022, 4-year intervals):</strong><br>This data includes mean, p975, and p025 SOCD maps for four depth ranges (0-20cm, 20-50cm, 50-100cm, and 100-200cm) in kg/m<sup>3</sup> (scaled 10x).</li> <li><strong>Organic carbon content based on dry combustion weight percentage (WPCT) (2000-2022, 4-year intervals):</strong><br>This data includes mean, p975, and p025 WPCT maps for four depth ranges (0-20cm, 20-50cm, 50-100cm, and 100-200cm) in percentage.</li> </ul> <h3>Related identifiers</h3> <ul> <li><strong>SOCD mean:</strong><br><a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13754343">2000-2004</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13771721">2004-2008</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13771841">2008-2012</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13771911">2012-2016</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13771967">2016-2020</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13772054">2020-2022</a></li> <li><strong>SOCD p025:</strong><br><a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13779539">2000-2004</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13774064">2004-2008</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13774089">2008-2012</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13774114">2012-2016</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13774167">2016-2020</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13774196">2020-2022</a></li> <li><strong>SOCD p975:</strong><br><a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13778472">2000-2004</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13773396">2004-2008</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13773765">2008-2012</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13773828">2012-2016</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13773953">2016-2020</a> <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13774003">2020-2022</a></li> </ul> <h3>Data Details</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Time period:</strong> 2000–2022, in 4-year intervals (last period covers 2020–2022).</li> <li><strong>Type of data:</strong> Spatiotemporal soil organic carbon data cube, with depth ranges and weighted percentage data for soil carbon assessments.</li> <li><strong>How the data was collected or derived:</strong> The data was derived using machine learning models.</li> <li><strong>Statistical methods used:</strong> Quantile Random Forest</li> <li><strong>Limitations or exclusions in the data:</strong> The dataset does not include data for Svalbard.</li> <li><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> EPSG:3035</li> <li><strong>Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax):</strong> (900,000, 899,000, 7,401,000, 5,501,000)</li> <li><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 30m</li> <li><strong>Image size:</strong> 216,700P x 153,400L</li> <li><strong>File format:</strong> Cloud Optimized Geotiff (COG) format.</li> </ul> <h3>Support</h3> <p>If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question please raise a GitHub issue: GitLab Issues (tbc)</p> <h3>Name convention</h3> <p>To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Ai4SoilHealth and Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describe important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. The fields are:</p> <ol> <li><strong>generic variable name:</strong> oc = organic carbon</li> <li><strong>variable procedure combination:</strong> iso.10694.1995.mg.cm3 = ISO method 10694:1995, with values in mg/cm<sup>3</sup> for SOCD | iso.10694.1995.wpct = ISO method 10694:1995, with values in weighted percentage of organic carbon content.</li> <li><strong>Position in the probability distribution/variable type:</strong> m = mean | p975 = percentile 97.5 | p025 = percentile 2.5</li> <li><strong>Spatial support:</strong> 30m</li> <li><strong>Depth reference:</strong> b0cm..20cm = depth range from 0 to 20cm</li> <li><strong>Time reference begin time:</strong> 20000101 = 2000-01-01</li> <li><strong>Time reference end time:</strong> 20041231 = 2004-12-31</li> <li><strong>Bounding box:</strong> eu = pan-Europe</li> <li><strong>EPSG code:</strong> epsg.3035</li> <li><strong>Version code:</strong> v20240804 = version from 2024-08-04</li> </ol>
Herbivore grazing mitigates the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon in low-diversity grassland
<p>1. Changes in soil carbon (C) sequestration in grassland ecosystems have important impacts on the global C cycle. As such, it is important that researchers better understand the underlying mechanisms affecting soil C. Increasing evidence has shown that atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can cause dramatic changes in grassland soil C. It remains unclear whether herbivore grazing, a primary means to manage and utilize grassland resources, can regulate the effects of N deposition on soil C, and whether these effects are dependent on plant community diversity.</p> <p>2. Here, we examined the joint effects of herbivore grazing and N-addition on soil organic C (SOC) stocks in two types of communities with low and high plant diversity, respectively.</p> <p>3. Our results showed that the effects of N-addition and its combination with herbivore grazing on grassland SOC were inconsistent in the two types of communities. In the low-diversity community, N-addition greatly decreased SOC stocks, while grazing significantly increased it. Additionally, the grazing-induced increase in soil C stocks in presence of N-addition was so great that it completely counteracted the significant decline in SOC induced by N-addition. However, in the high-diversity community, we observed no effects of N-addition on SOC and grazing increased SOC only in the absence of N-addition and had no significant effect in presence of N-addition.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that increased N deposition can trigger a remarkable reduction in soil C sequestration in grasslands with low plant diversity, but that herbivore grazing can offset this decline, which may help to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions caused by atmospheric N deposition. As a result, we suggest that moderate herbivore grazing should be considered as an effective grassland management measure for maintaining and improving grassland soil C sequestration as the increasing global change such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, N deposition, and biodiversity losses threat.</p>
The main driver of soil organic carbon differs greatly between topsoil and subsoil in a grazing steppe
<p>1. Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics is regulated by a complex interplay of factors such as climate and potential anthropogenic activities. Livestocks play a key role in regulating the C cycle in grasslands. However, the interrelationship between SOC and these drivers remains unclear at different soil layers, and their potential relationships network have rarely been quantitatively assessed.</p> <p>2. Here, we completed a six-year manipulation experiment of grazing exclusion (no grazing: NG) and increasing grazing intensity (light grazing: LG, medium grazing: MG, heavy grazing: HG). We measurements of light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) in 12 plots along grazing intensity in three soil layers (topsoil: 0-10 cm, mid-soil: 10-30 cm, subsoil: 30-50 cm) to assess their underlying controls.</p> <p>3. Grazing significantly reduced SOC of the soil profile, but with significant depth and time dependencies. (1) SOC and SOC stability of the topsoil is primarily regulated by grazing duration (years). Specifically, grazing duration and grazing intensity increased the SOC lability of topsoil due to an increase in LFOC. (2) Grazing intensity was the major factor affecting the mid-soil SOC dynamics, among which MG had significantly lower SOC than did NG. (3) Subsoil organic carbon dynamics were mainly regulated by climatic factors. The increase in mean annual temperature (MAT) may have promoted the turnover of LFOC to HFOC in the subsoil.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. When evaluating the impacts of grazing on soil organic fraction, we need to consider the differences in sampling depth and the duration of grazing years. Our results highlight that the key factors influencing SOC dynamics differ among soil layers. Climatic and grazing factors have different roles in determining SOC in each soil layer.</p>
Water-insoluble components in rainwater in suburban Guiyang, southwestern China: a potential contributor to dissolved organic carbon
<p>Source Data.</p>
MIMICS-BC_v1.0: Modeling biochar effects on soil organic carbon on croplands in a microbial decomposition model
<p>The code and data of MIMICS-BC_v1.0 related to the manuscript in submission</p>
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