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FIGURE 9 in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 9. Preserved specimens of Ancylodactylus laikipiensis sp. nov. A) Dorsal view of holotype, NMK-L3214/1. Scale bar = 10 mm. B) Trunk dorsum of holotype at midbody showing granular scalation. C) Ventral view of right hind foot of holotype. D) Precloacal region of adult male paratype, NMK-L1462/1, showing single series of 7 precloacal pores (arrows mark the lateralmost pores). E) Dorsal view of holotype tail showing atubercular scalation. F) Ventral surface of holotype tail showing single median row of enlarged, athough not particularly wide, subcaudal plates.

FIGURE 8 in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 8. Ancylodactylus mathewsensis sp. nov.. A) Living holotype (NMK-L3375/1) and B) paratype (NMK-L3368/3) in dorsal views showing the typical fleurs-de-lis dorsal pattern typical of this and several other Kenyan Cnemaspis. C) Ventral view of male holotype showing the typical contrasting yellow trunk and limb venter and orange subcaudal surface. Note the transversely widened midventral subcaudal scales in a single row. Photos © P.K. Malonza.

FIGURE 7 in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 7. Preserved specimen of holotype of Ancylodactylus mathewsensis sp. nov., NMK-L3375/1. A) Dorsal view of entire specimen. Scale bar = 10 mm. B) Trunk dorsum, showing heterogeneous granular scalation. C) Ventral view of right hind foot. D) Precloacal region showing a series of 7 precloacal pores (arrows mark the lateralmost pores). E) Dorsum of tail base showing rounded tubercles on pygal portion of tail only. Post-pygal (autotomic) portion of tail without tubercles.

FIGURE 6B in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 6B. Ancylodactylus africanus in life. A) Female (no voucher) in crevice of tree trunk, Namanga Hills. B) Ventral view of NMK-L4177/3 from Namanga Hill rock cave, with freshly autotomized tail and exhibiting typical ventral coloration. C) Specimen (no voucher) on rock surface, Mt. Kasigau, Taita Hills. Photos: A–B © P.K. Malonza, C: © Quentin Luke.

FIGURE 5 in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 5. Ancylodactylus kituiensis sp. nov. A–B) Live adult male paratype NMK-L3559/1 inside rock cave at Nzambani Rock. C–D) Freshly dead male paratype NMK-L3775/1 from Mutomo Hill rock outcrops showing dorsal and ventral coloration, respectively. Photos A–B © P.K. Malonza, photos C–D © Domnick Victor Wasonga.

FIGURE 2 in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 2. Ancylodactylus kenyaensis sp. nov. A) Dorsal view of holotype, NMK-220L/2. Scale bar = 10 mm. B) Dorsal view of holotype trunk at midbody. C) Precloacal region of holotype showing a series of 8 precloacal pores (arrows mark the lateralmost pores). D) Ventral view of right hind foot of paratype NMK-220L/1. E) Dorsum of tailbase of holotype.

FIGURE 13 in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 13. Holotype of Ancylodactylus chyuluensis sp. nov., NMK-L3869. A) Dorsal view. B) Ventral view showing the bluish throat and extensive dark pigmentation on most of the ventral scales. C) Dorsal view of preserved specimen. Scale bar = 10 mm. D) Trunk dorsum at midbody showing mostly granular surface. E) Precloacal region showing single row of 8 pores (arrows mark the lateralmost pores). F) Tail dorsum showing atubercular surface. Photos A–B © P.K. Malonza.

FIGURE 10 in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 10. Freshly dead Ancylodactylus laikipiensis sp. nov. showing A) dorsal and B) ventral coloration of holotype (NMK- L3214/1). Note uniformly yellow ventral surfaces. Mukutan Gorge area. Photos © Domnick Victor Wasonga.

FIGURE 6A in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 6A. Ancylodactylus africanus in life. A–B) Adult female, dorsum (NMK-L3622/3) and venter (NMK-L218L), respectively; Shimba Hills National Reserve. C) Male (NMK-L3924/L) on rock cave ceiling, Ngulia Hills. D) Ventral surface of specimen in image C. Photos: A–D © P.K. Malonza.

FIGURE 3 in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 3. Ancylodactylus kenyaensis sp. nov., in life. A) Holotype (NMK-220L/2), adult male, dorsal view, note trombiculid mite infestation. B) Holotype venter showing lack of bright pigmentation. C) Adult female paratype (NMK-220L/1); D) Tree trunk microhabitat of A. kenyaensis in Chuka Forest, Meru South, Thiraka-Nithi County, Kenya.

FIGURE 1 in Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya

FIGURE 1. Map of Kenya showing the known localities of the six newly described species of Ancylodactylus and the distribution of comparative Kenyan material of A. africanus and A. elgonensis. Stars indicate type localities. Cartography by Edward L. Stanley.

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The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996). in Muridae

The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996).

FIGURE 13 in Resurrection of Lethrinus scoparius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 (Perciformes: Lethrinidae), from South African waters

FIGURE 13. Phylogenetic relationships within Lethrinus nebulosus sensu lato generated using maximum likelihood analyses based on sequence data from the nuclear RAG1 gene fragment. Australian specimens were not sampled for RAG1. Numbers corresponding to nodes are bootstrap support values.

FIGURE 14 in Resurrection of Lethrinus scoparius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 (Perciformes: Lethrinidae), from South African waters

FIGURE 14. Phylogenetic relationships of Lethrinus nebulosus from Western Australian and Indonesia and from the Western Indian Ocean.

FIGURE 11 in Resurrection of Lethrinus scoparius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 (Perciformes: Lethrinidae), from South African waters

FIGURE 11. Phylogenetic relationships within Lethrinus nebulosus sensu lato generated using maximum likelihood analyses based on sequence data from the mitochondrial COI gene fragment. Numbers corresponding to nodes are bootstrap support values.

FIGURE 10 in Resurrection of Lethrinus scoparius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 (Perciformes: Lethrinidae), from South African waters

FIGURE 10. Phylogram depicting phylogenetic relationships within Lethrinus nebulosus sensu lato from the Western Indian Ocean and Western Australian coast, based on the analyses of a 2367 nucleotide concatenated alignment of sequence data from the RAG-1, COI and 16S gene fragments from 62 individuals. Lethrinus haematopterus, L. lentjan and L. ornatus are included as outgroups. Numbers above the nodes indicate support from the Bayesian inference (MB) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses, and the probability of species assignment from the Bayesian species delimitation analysis (ASTRAL).

FIGURE 12 in Resurrection of Lethrinus scoparius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 (Perciformes: Lethrinidae), from South African waters

FIGURE 12. Phylogenetic relationships within Lethrinus nebulosus sensu lato generated using maximum likelihood analyses based on sequence data from the mitochondrial 16S gene fragment. Numbers corresponding to nodes are bootstrap support values.

FIGURE 9. a in Resurrection of Lethrinus scoparius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 (Perciformes: Lethrinidae), from South African waters

FIGURE 9. a. Lethrinus scoparius freshly caught, Aliwal Shoal, KwaZulu-Natal (CD Buxton); b. with stress pattern, Pondoland, South Africa (BQ Mann).

FIGURE 4–5. 4 in Resurrection of Lethrinus scoparius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 (Perciformes: Lethrinidae), from South African waters

FIGURE 4–5. 4. Lethrinus nebulosus, juvenile (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Original Scientific Illustrations Archive).5. Lethrinus nebulosus, showing stress pattern, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa (BQ Mann).

FIGURE 7–8. 7a in Resurrection of Lethrinus scoparius Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 (Perciformes: Lethrinidae), from South African waters

FIGURE 7–8. 7a. Lethrinus scoparius, from off Umdloti, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (© D King, taken in uShaka Sea World aquarium); 7b. & 7c. with 'normal' colour pattern (A Bernard), 7d. with 'stress' pattern, and 7e. with banded colour pattern, Pondoland, South Africa (BQ Mann). 8. Lethrinus scoparius juvenile, Rocky Bay, KwaZulu-Natal (© D King).