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FIGURE 12 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 12. Mesonotum in dorsal view. a: Plutofoenus chaeturus; b: P. e d w a rd s i; c: P. paraguayensis; d: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; e: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; f: T. plaumanni; g: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 7. a–b in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 7. a–b: Left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm). a: Pseudofoenus infumatus; b: Gasteruption bispinosum; c–h: Left fore wing discal cell (without scale); c: G. bispinosum; d: G. p a r v u m; e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h: T. alvarengai. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic

FIGURE 5. a–b in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 5. a–b: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni habitus. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 6. a–g in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 6. a–g: Head in anterior view. a: Aulacus sp. A; b: Pseudofoenus infumatus; c: Gasteruption bispinosum; d: G. nasutum (without scale); e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h–i: Left mandible in frontal view (without scale). h: G. bispinosum; i: Plutofoenus edwardsi. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 4. a–b in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 4. a–b: Spinolafoenus ruficornis habitus. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 2. a–c in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 2. a–c: Gasteruption bispinosum, delimitation of the measurements and some characters of cladistic analysis. a: lateral view; b: head in dorsal view; c: propleuron in ventral view; d: Gasteruption nasutum, left hind tarsus. Measurements: Head: i: head length; ii: eye length; iii: malar space height; iv: distance between posterior ocellus and occipital margin (dorsal view); v: distance between posterior ocelli (dorsal view); vi: scape length; vii: pedicel length; viii: first flagellomere length; ix: second flagellomere length; Mesosoma: x: propleuron length; xi: propleuron width (ventral view); xii: mesosoma length (excluding propleuron); xiii: mesosoma height (distance between metasoma insertion and base of middle coxa); xiv: pronotum length (distance between anterior margin of pronotum and tegula); xv: distance between anterior margin of pronotum and metasoma insertion; xvi: hind coxa length; xvii: hind coxa width; xviii: hind femur length; xix: hind tibia length; xx: hind tibia width; xxi: hind first tarsomere length; Metasoma: xxii: metasoma length; xxiii: ovipositor sheath length; xxiv: body length (measurements i+x+xv+xxii). The following ratios were used in the species descriptions: xxiv/xxiii, i/ii, ii/iii, iv/v, viii/vi, viii/vii, viii/ix, xii/xiii, x/xi, x/xiv; xvi/xvii, xix/xx, xix/xviii, xix/xxi, xxii/xii, and xxiii/xxii. Arabic numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 1 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 1. Most parsimonious tree for the cladistic analysis of Gasteruptiinae (length=116 steps; CI=0.448, RI=0.806). Character numbers are above circles and respective synapomorphic states are below circles; black circles indicate exclusive synapomorphies and white circles indicate shared synapomorphies or reversions. Absolute Bremer support values are given between parentheses. AT: Afrotropical; AU: Australasian-continental; AU-NG: Australasian-Papua- New Guinea; NA: Nearctic; NT: Neotropical; PA: Paleartic; OR: Oriental.

FIGURE 13 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 13. Mesosoma in lateral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: G. guildingi; c: Plutofoenus chaeturus; d: P. edwardsi, e: P. paraguayensis; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; h: T. plaumanni; i: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Lobes of pronotum: vl: ventral lobe; dl: dorsal lobe; ll: lateral lobe. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 11 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 11. Head in dorsal and lateral views. a–b: Plutofoenus chaeturus; c–d: P. e d w a rd s i; e–f: P. paraguayensis; g–h: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; i–j: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; k–l: T. plaumanni; m–n: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURES 27–30. Nycterilampus lifuanus Montrouzier, 1860 in A taxonomic revision and revalidation of Nycterilampus Montrouzier (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Agrypninae)

FIGURES 27–30. Nycterilampus lifuanus Montrouzier, 1860 (female). 27, tergite VIII; 28, sternite VIII; 29, ovipositor (ventral); 30, ovipositor and reproductive organs (dorsal).

FIGURES 19–26. Nycterilampus lifuanus Montrouzier, 1860 in A taxonomic revision and revalidation of Nycterilampus Montrouzier (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Agrypninae)

FIGURES 19–26. Nycterilampus lifuanus Montrouzier, 1860 (male). 19, sternite IX; 20, tergites IX – X; 21, sternite VIII; 22, tergite VIII; 23, abdomen (ventral); 24, 25, aedeagus (dorsal, ventral). N. velutinus Fleutiaux, 1891 (male). 26, aedeagus (ventral).

FIGURES 2–9. Nycterilampus velutinus Fleutiaux, 1891. 2, 3 in A taxonomic revision and revalidation of Nycterilampus Montrouzier (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Agrypninae)

FIGURES 2–9. Nycterilampus velutinus Fleutiaux, 1891. 2, 3, antennae (male, female); 7, head and pronotum (female). N. lifuanus Montrouzier, 1860. 4, 5, antennae (male, female); 6, head; 8, head and pronotum (dorsal); 9 prothorax (ventral).

FIGURES 10–18. Nycterilampus lifuanus Montrouzier, 1860 in A taxonomic revision and revalidation of Nycterilampus Montrouzier (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Agrypninae)

FIGURES 10–18. Nycterilampus lifuanus Montrouzier, 1860 (male). 10, 11, mesoscutum and scutellum (dorsal, lateral); 12, 13, mesoventrite (ventral, lateral); 14, 15, pterothorax (ventral, ventro–lateral); 16, tarsal claw; 17, hind wing; 18, metanotum.

FIGURE 24 in Taxonomic review of Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) with revalidation of Physalaemus lateristriga (Steindachner, 1864) and description of two new related species (Anura: Leiuperidae)

FIGURE 24: Physalaemus orophilus sp. nov. advertisement call: A—oscilogram, B—audiospectrogram, C—power spectrum, D—oscillogram of a cut of the same call evidencing pulsed structure, and E—oscillogram of a cut of the same call evidencing the subpulsed structure. Specimen not specified, collected at the municipality of Mariana, state of Minas Gerais, on I/2007.

FIGURE 22 in Taxonomic review of Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) with revalidation of Physalaemus lateristriga (Steindachner, 1864) and description of two new related species (Anura: Leiuperidae)

FIGURE 22: Physalaemus orophilus sp. nov., holotype (MNRJ 55097, adult male) from municipality of Mariana, state of Minas Gerais. A—dorsal, and B—lateral view of head; C—hand, and D—foot. Bars = 10 mm.

FIGURE 21 in Taxonomic review of Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) with revalidation of Physalaemus lateristriga (Steindachner, 1864) and description of two new related species (Anura: Leiuperidae)

FIGURE 21: Physalaemus orophilus sp. nov., holotype (MNRJ 55097, adult male) from municipality of Mariana, state of Minas Gerais. A—dorsal, and B—ventral views. Bar = 20 mm.

FIGURE 18 in Taxonomic review of Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) with revalidation of Physalaemus lateristriga (Steindachner, 1864) and description of two new related species (Anura: Leiuperidae)

FIGURE 18: Physalaemus feioi sp. nov., holotype (MNRJ 49946, adult male) from municipality of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais. A—dorsal, and B—lateral view of head; C—hand, and D—foot. Bars = 10 mm.

FIGURE 15 in Taxonomic review of Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) with revalidation of Physalaemus lateristriga (Steindachner, 1864) and description of two new related species (Anura: Leiuperidae)

FIGURE 15: Physalaemus lateristriga comb. nov. (CHUFSC 1689) from the municipality of Anitápolis (27°50'23"S, 49°5'2"W), state of Santa Catarina. Photograph by Luís O.M. Giasson.

FIGURE 14 in Taxonomic review of Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) with revalidation of Physalaemus lateristriga (Steindachner, 1864) and description of two new related species (Anura: Leiuperidae)

FIGURE 14: Physalaemus lateristriga comb. nov. (CFBH 21169) from the municipality of São José dos Pinhais, state of Paraná. A—dorsal, and B—lateral view of head, C—hand, and D—foot. Bars = 10 mm.

FIGURE 12 in Taxonomic review of Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) with revalidation of Physalaemus lateristriga (Steindachner, 1864) and description of two new related species (Anura: Leiuperidae)

FIGURE 12: Physalaemus lateristriga comb. nov., lectotype (NMW 4329:1, adult female). A—dorsal, and B—ventral views (photographs conceded by Franz Tiedemman and Heinz Grillitsch).