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2,225 results for “reversal”
Seismic dataset in "Source-Independent Passive Seismic Reverse-time Structure Imaging with Grouping Imaging Condition: Method and Application to Microseismic Events Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing"
<p>This dataset contains the seismic data and the velocity model used in the manuscript entitled "Source-Independent Passive Seismic Reverse-time Structure Imaging with Grouping Imaging Condition: Method and Application to Microseismic Events Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing" submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth.</p>
Fig. 3 in New insights into the systematics and molecular phylogeny of the Malagasy snake genus Liopholidophis suggest at least one rapid reversal of extreme sexual dimorphism in tail length
Fig. 3 Head drawings of Liopholidophis oligolepis sp. nov. (holotype, ZSM 153/2005) in (a) dorsal and (b) lateral view
Fig. 1 in New insights into the systematics and molecular phylogeny of the Malagasy snake genus Liopholidophis suggest at least one rapid reversal of extreme sexual dimorphism in tail length
Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree of all Liopholidophis species based on sequences of three mitochondrial and one nuclear gene (16S rRNA, cytb, COI and c-mos). For L. baderi no 16S sequence was available. Bayesian posterior probabilities (10 million generations) are given above branches, parsimony bootstrap values (2,000 replicates) below branches. The relation of tail length/snout-vent length (red: female, blue: male) is given for all species of Liopholidophis, and for Liophidium torquatum, on the right of the species names. Reconstructed values for nodes are given at the branches, as results of parsimony/maximum likelihood (95% confidence interval). The lower figure shows the same tree with sexual dimorphism in relative tail length plotted on taxa (expressed as ratio of relative tail length of males/ females). Ancestral values calculated on ML-reconstructed values for males and females. Symbols show origin (>) and reversal (<) of extreme dimorphism (values 0.43-0.53, i.e. females having relative tail lengths roughly half that of males or lower)
Dataset for "Mars' axial and reversing dynamo recorded in a magnetized impact crater 4.2 billion years ago"
<p>This dataset is for the research titled "<em><strong>Mars’ axial and reversing dynamo recorded in a magnetized impact crater 4.2 billion years ago</strong></em>".</p> <ul> <li>Please ensure that all files are placed in the same directory</li> <li><strong>ESD.m</strong> contains all the procedures needed to invert crustal magnetization from crustal magnetic field data. </li> <li>The remaining files are crustal magnetic field datasets generated by IDL, which are used as input for <strong>ESD.m</strong>.</li> <li>For MATLAB users, it is necessary to install the <strong><em>restore_idl</em></strong> package to read these IDL-generated files within MATLAB.</li> </ul> <p>Don't hesitate to email me (jfqin@berkeley.edu) if you have any trouble running this code.</p>
Supplementary Figure S3 The leave-one-out analysis of the association between insomnia and MetS components genetically in the reverse MR analysis.
<p>This figure described the leave-one-out analysis of the association between insomnia and MetS components genetically in the reverse MR analysis.</p>
Supplementary Figure S2.The funnel plots of the association between insomnia and MetS components genetically in the reverse MR analysis.
<p>This figure described the funnel plots of the association between insomnia and MetS components genetically in the reverse MR analysis.</p>
View-Based-Reverse-Engineering/Retriever-Benchmark: v5.2.0.202410181425
The benchmark for the view-based Retriever approach to reverse engineering software architecture models.
Data from: Shrub encroachment can reverse desertification in semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands
The worldwide phenomenon of shrub encroachment in grass-dominated dryland ecosystems is commonly associated with desertification. Studies of the purported desertification effects associated with shrub encroachment are often restricted to relatively few study areas, and document a narrow range of possible impacts upon biota and ecosystem processes. We conducted a study in degraded Mediterranean grasslands dominated by Stipa tenacissima to simultaneously evaluate the effects of shrub encroachment on the structure and composition of multiple biotic community components, and on various indicators of ecosystem function. Shrub encroachment enhanced vascular plant richness, biomass of fungi, actinomycetes and other bacteria, and was linked with greater soil fertility and N mineralization rates. While shrub encroachment may be a widespread phenomenon in drylands, an interpretation that this is an expression of desertification is not universal. Our results suggest that shrub establishment may be an important step in the reversal of desertification processes in the Mediterranean region.
Data from: Repeated evolution and reversibility of self-fertilization in the volvocine green algae
Outcrossing and self-fertilization are fundamental strategies of sexual reproduction, each with different evolutionary costs and benefits. Self-fertilization is thought to be an evolutionary "dead-end" strategy, beneficial in the short term but costly in the long term, resulting in self-fertilizing species that occupy only the tips of phylogenetic trees. Here, we use volvocine green algae to investigate the evolution of self-fertilization. We use ancestral-state reconstructions to show that self-fertilization has repeatedly evolved from outcrossing ancestors and that multiple reversals from selfing to outcrossing have occurred. We use three phylogenetic metrics to show that self-fertilization is not restricted to the tips of the phylogenetic tree, a finding inconsistent with the view of self-fertilization as a dead-end strategy. We also find no evidence for higher extinction rates or lower speciation rates in selfing lineages. We find that self-fertilizing species have significantly larger colonies than outcrossing species, suggesting the benefits of selfing may counteract the costs of increased size. We speculate that our macroevolutionary results on self-fertilization (i.e. non-tippy distribution, no decreased diversification rates) may be explained by the haploid-dominant life cycle that occurs in volvocine algae, which may alter the costs and benefits of selfing.
Data from: Structural complexity of hunting habitat and territoriality increase the reversed sexual size dimorphism in diurnal raptors
Despite numerous efforts and many hypotheses to explain the selective pressures that may have favoured reversed sexual dimorphism (RSD) in raptors ‐ i.e. that the female is larger than the male ‐ some drivers of RSD are still unknown. Here we analyse how much variation in RSD is explained by hunting habitat structure, territoriality or territory size. We do so using data on diurnal raptors from the New World and the Western Palearctic – i.e. Cathartidae, Pandionidae, Accipitridae and Falconidae, the largest bird group showing RSD ‐ taking into account the phylogenetic relationships among species. Our results identify the type of the main prey as a major factor explaining RSD in raptors. We also found RSD to increase with increasing structural complexity in the hunting habitat from open or semi‐open habitats to forest interior. RSD also increased with increasing degree of territoriality of the species (non‐territorial < facultative < territorial). Finally, for territorial species RSD increased with increasing size of nesting territory. A model comprising only three predictor variables (prey type, structural complexity of hunting habitat and territoriality) explained up to 50% of the variation in RSD of European and American diurnal raptor species, and up to 40% of the variation in RSD when only territorial species were considered. Our results highlight the relevance of spatial facets of the niche – e.g. hunting habitat, territoriality and territory size ‐ in exerting selective pressures on the body size of diurnal raptors. These selective pressures, joint with already known trophic factors – e.g. diet ‐ are decisive for the evolution of the RSD, a key trait in the functional ecology of raptors. Our findings open up new perspectives in the study of sexual size divergence in birds.
Data from: The selective myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin reversibly eliminates gastrovascular flow and stolon tip pulsations in the colonial hydroid Podocoryna carnea
Blebbistatin reversibly disrupted both stolon tip pulsations and gastrovascular flow in the colonial hydroid Podocoryna carnea. Epithelial longitudinal muscles of polyps were unaffected by blebbistatin, as polyps contracted when challenged with a pulse of KCl. Latrunculin B, which sequesters G actin preventing F actin assembly, caused stolons to retract, exposing focal adhesions where the tip epithelial cells adhere to the substratum. These results are consistent with earlier suggestions that non-muscle myosin II provides the motive force for stolon tip pulsations and further suggest that tip oscillations are functionally coupled to hydrorhizal axial muscle contraction.
Reversal learning in FTD (fMRI)
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Objective</b>: Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in disinhibition and difficulty with flexible responding when provided feedback. Inflexible responding is observed early in the course of the illness and contributes to the financial and social morbidities of FTD. Reversal learning is an established cognitive paradigm that indexes flexible responding in the face of feedback signaling a change in reinforcement contingencies, with components of reversal learning associated with specific neurotransmitter systems. The objective of the study was to evaluate the neural mechanisms underlying impaired flexible behavioural responding in FTD using a reversal learning paradigm combined with fMRI.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Methods</b>: Twenty-two patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for FTD and twenty-one healthy controls completed the study. Participants completed an fMRI-adapted reversal learning task that indexes behavioural flexibility when provided positive and negative feedback.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Results</b>: Patients with FTD demonstrated poorer behavioural flexibility relative to controls and abnormal BOLD responses within the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex to incorrect responses made during the learning phase, and during correct responses when reward contingencies were reversed. As well, patients showed decreased activity within the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex to incorrect responses compared to controls.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that reversal learning impairments in patients with FTD, in particular those with frontal predominant atrophy, may be related to impaired flexible motor responding when selecting among several choices and deficient attention to relevant stimuli during instances of conflict (i.e. receiving negative feedback). These results and the associated neurotransmitter systems mediating these regions may provide targets for future pharmacological or behavioural interventions mediating these cognitive deficits.</p>
Figure 4 in Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal
Figure 4. Climbing behaviour of the tadpoles of L. palavanensis. (a) The male stimulates hatching by touching the eggs with its chin and fingers. (b) The male positions himself on top of the eggs and twitches his abdomen and fingers. (c) He steps on the eggs, breaking the egg capsule and separating them. (d) The first tadpole starts climbing (indicated by the arrow). The male sits on top of the now free tadpoles and waits for them to climb. (e) The male starts to turn around while the tadpoles wriggle onto his back. After every turn he remains still for a few seconds while the tadpoles climb. (f) The tadpoles move around and rearrange themselves while the last tadpole makes it to the top.
Figure 2 in Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal
Figure 2. Abandoned clutch of Limnonectes palavanensis. (a) Abandoned clutch of 14 eggs; note the formation of the animal pole (darkened area). (b) The clutch continued its normal development (7 days old). Two eggs did not develop (yellow arrows) and one egg stopped developing after day five (black arrow). The tadpoles hatched on their own after nine days.
Figure 3 in Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal
Figure 3. Embryonic development of the eggs of L. palavanensis. (a) The vegetal pole differentiates from the animal pole 24 h after fertilisation. (b) Neural folds develop, Gosner stage 15 (3 days old). (c) The head forms and the tail elongates around the yolk sac, Gosner stages 18–19 (4 days old). (d) Eyes become apparent and external gills are visible, Gosner stages 21–22 (6 days old). (e) The tadpoles are now sensitive to light, the eyes are completely formed and the gills are not visible anymore, Gosner stages 24–25 (9 days old). (f) The tadpoles are ready to hatch (10 days old).
Figure 1 in Sexual dimorphism in chelicerae, forelegs and palpal traits in two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) with sex-role reversal
Figure 1. Dimorphism in chelicerae pigmentation (frontal views). Males (A, C) show darker pigmentation than females (B, D) in both species: Allocosa brasiliensis (above) and Allocosa alticeps (below).
Figure 3 in Sexual dimorphism in chelicerae, forelegs and palpal traits in two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) with sex-role reversal
Figure 3. Palpal tarsi (lateral views) of Aglaoctenus lagotis (A,B) and Schizocosa malitiosa (C,D), showing female claws (A,C), and male palpal tarsus without claws or specialized structures on distal position (B,D).
Figure 2 in Sexual dimorphism in chelicerae, forelegs and palpal traits in two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) with sex-role reversal
Figure 2. Palpal claws (lateral views) (A) female of Allocosa alticeps; (B) juvenile of Allocosa alticeps; and apical modifications of palpal tarsi (C) adult male of Allocosa brasiliensis (ventrolateral view); (D) adult male of Allocosa brasiliensis (dorsal view); (E) penultimate male of Allocosa brasiliensis (ventrolateral view); (F) penultimate male of Allocosa brasiliensis (dorsal view).
Figure 3 in Nest-site microhabitat association of red-billed leiothrix in subtropical fragmented forest in central China: evidence for a reverse edge effect on nest predation risk?
Figure 3. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination of 237 sample units of microhabitat characteristics in the forest, and the joint plot of NMS scores with important microhabitat variables (r2> 0.2). The first and third axes represent 30% and 46% of the total variation, respectively.
Figure 4 in Nest-site microhabitat association of red-billed leiothrix in subtropical fragmented forest in central China: evidence for a reverse edge effect on nest predation risk?
Figure 4. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination of 134 sample units of microhabitat characteristics in the scrub-grassland, and the joint plot of NMS scores with important microhabitat variables (r2> 0.2). The first and second axes represent 78% and 15% of the total variation, respectively.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.