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FIGURE 9 in Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species

FIGURE 9. Stelletta fibrosa (Schmidt, 1870) [ZMBN 81784]: A. Plagiotriaene and oxeas. Scale: 100 µm; B. Anatriaene. Scale: 20 µm; C–D. Tylaster. Scale: 2 µm; S. fibrosa [MCZ 8020, lectotype]: E. Plagiotriaene. Scale: 20 µm; F. Tylaster. Scale: 2 µm.

FIGURE 10 in Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species

FIGURE 10. Stelletta sp. [ZMBN 81643]: A. Specimen in situ on mangrove root, August 2007. Notice large oscule leading to a cloaca. Scale: 2 cm; B. Bleached specimen maintained alive in a tank, July 2009. Scale: 2 cm; C. Cross– section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; D. Close-up of cross-section showing bundles of triaenes at the surface of the sponge. Scale: 1 mm; E. Oxea II. Scale: 100 µm; F. Plagiotriaenes. Scale: 100 µm; G. Anatriaene and tylaster. Scale: 20 µm; H. Tylaster. Scale: 4 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species

FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm.

FIGURE 12 in Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species

FIGURE 12. Spicule repertoire of Stryphnus raratriaenus sp. nov [ZMBN 81642]: A. Oxea I; B. Oxea II; C. Style; D. Dichotriaene; E. Oxyasters; F. Sanidasters. Scale 200 µm for A. Scale 50 µm for B–C–D. Scale 10 µm for E–F.

FIGURE 7. A in Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles

FIGURE 7. A to G: Dentitheca dendritica (Nutting, 1900)—fragment of poly- (A) and monosiphonic (B) parts of stem; stem apophysis and origin of cladium (C); hydrothecae (D, E); hydrothecal rim in lateral (upper figure) and frontal (lower figure) views (F); lateral nematotheca with deep emargination on adaxial side, and three mesial nematothecae showing variation in shape of upper chamber (G). H and I: Plumularia margaretta (Nutting, 1900)—stem internode with cladium and hydrotheca (H); gonothecae (G). J to M: Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758)—portion of stem (J) and cladium (K); variability among ahydrothecate cladial internodes (L); gonotheca (M). N and O: Aglaophenia latecarinata Allman, 1877—hydrotheca in lateral (N) and frontal (O) views. Scale bars: 50 µm (F, G); 100 µm (C, H, L, N, O); 200 µm (D, E, I); 300 µm (K, M); 400 µm (B, J); 500 µm (A).

FIGURE 5. A in Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles

FIGURE 5. A to G: Sertularella fraseri nom. nov.—erect stem (A); portion of stem with hydrothecae, side branch, and gonotheca (B); hydrothecae (C); gonothecae inserted on stem internodes (E, F); transverse section through gonotheca, showing four apical cusps (G). H to M: Sertularia tongensis (Stechow, 1919)—portion of stem showing internodes and hydrothecae (H); fragment of stem with side branch arising from within hydrothecae (I); hydrotheca; hydrothecal aperture in apical (left) and lateral (right) views, showing pleated opercular flaps (K); gonotheca typically springing from hydrotheca (L); cnidome (M). N to P: Hincksella cylindrica (Bale, 1888)—erect stem (N); two internodes with hydrothecae (O); nematocysts (P). Scale bars: 10 µm (M, P); 100 µm (D, K); 200 µm (J); 300 µm (C, E, F, G, L, O); 400 µm (H, I); 500 µm (B); 750 µm (N); 1 mm (A).

FIGURE 3. A in Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles

FIGURE 3. A to J: Halecium calderi sp. nov.—various habits (A); portions of stem and branches (B–D); hydrothecae (E–G); gonothecae in frontal (H) and lateral (I) views; nematocysts (J). K and L: Halecium dyssymetrum Billard, 1929— fragment of stem (K); nematocysts (L). M to O: Halecium tenellum Hincks, 1861—portion of stem (M); hydrotheca (N); undischarged microbasic mastigophore from tentacle (O). P to S: Halecium sp.—erect stem (P); dichotomous branching of stem (Q); hydrotheca (R); nematocysts (S). Scale bars: 10 µm (J, L, O, S); 100 µm (N, R); 200 µm (G); 300 µm (M, Q); 400 µm (B, D, E, F, P); 500 µm (C, H, I, K); 1 cm (A).

FIGURE 4. A in Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles

FIGURE 4. A to D: Hydrodendron sp.—erect stem (A); internode with hydro- and nematotheca (B); nematothecae (C); cnidome (D). E to G: Hebella venusta (Allman, 1877)—hydrothecae (E); gonothecae (F); undischarged microbasic mastigophore from tentacle (G). H and I: Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879)—two hydrothecae, of which one (H) on Sertularia tongensis (Stechow, 1909). J and K: Diphasia tropica Nutting, 1904—basal part of stem with two pairs of hydrothecae (J); gonotheca (K). L to N—Sertularella diaphana (Allman, 1885), morphotype 1—portion of cladium with two hydrothecae (L); hydrothecal aperture view from above (M); undischarged microbasic mastigophore from tentacle (N). O to R: S. diaphana, morphotype 2—portion of cladium with two hydrothecae (O); gonotheca (P); transverse section through gonotheca (Q); cnidome (R). Scale bars: 10 µm (D, G, N, R); 50 µm (C); 100 µm (B, H, I, M); 200 µm (E); 300 µm (A, K, L, O, Q); 500 µm (F, J, P).

FIGURE 2. A in Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles

FIGURE 2. A: Incertae sedis – four hydrothecae. B: Incertae sedis—hydrotheca atop its pedicel and gonotheca with two medusa buds. C to H: Clytia tottoni (Leloup, 1935)—colony habit (C); portion of stem with hydrothecae (D); hydrotheca (E); hydrothecal rim in apical and lateral views (F); shape of hydrothecal cusps (G); gonotheca (H). I: Obelia bidentata Clarke, 1875—hydrotheca. J and K: Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758)—hydrotheca (J) and gonotheca (K). Scale bars: 50 µm (G); 100 µml (A); 200 µm (F, J); 300 µm (E, H, I, K); 400 µm (B); 1 mm (D); 1 cm (C).

FIGURE 1 in Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles

FIGURE 1. Typical large, visually dominant hydroid species inhabiting the reefs of Guadeloupe. A: Colony of Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) growing on sponge. B: Sertularella diaphana (Allman, 1885), morphotype 2—single, unbranched plumes growing upright through sand of seabed. C: S. diaphana, morphotype 1—large, fan-shaped colonies growing upside-down on black gorgonian attached to ceiling of submarine arch. D: Colonies of Thyroscyphus ramosus Allman, 1877 growing on sandy bottom. E: Colony of Halopteris carinata Allman, 1877 growing epizootically on sponge. F and G: Dentitheca dendritica (Nutting, 1900)—colony (F) and close-up (G) showing associated zoanthid polyps. H: Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758). I: Typical, easily recognizable, dark-pigmented colony of Macrorhynchia clarkei (Nutting, 1900). J: Large tuft of Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872 on hard substrate. K: Fertile cormoids of Aglaophenia rhychocarpa Allman, 1877. Photo courtesy of Jean-Michel Sutour (E, F, I, J), Anne Prouzet (B, C, D), Denis Ader (H, K), Vincent Maran (A), Alain Goyeau (G).

FIGURES 24–29 in Shallow-water species of Beania Johnston, 1840 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic

FIGURES 24–29. Light micrography of reticulate species of Beania from the Brazilian coast. 24. Beania americana n. sp., MZUSP 415 (Holotype), São Paulo state. 25. Beania correiae n. sp., MZUSP 403 (Paratype), Alagoas state; 26–29. Beania metrii n. sp., MZUSP 401 (Holotype), Santa Catarina state; 26, colony; 27, distal end of colony; 28, close-up of a zooid; 29, close-up of a distal zooid of colony.

FIGURES 8–13 in Shallow-water species of Beania Johnston, 1840 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic

FIGURES 8–13. SEM of uniserial species of Beania from the Brazilian coast. 8. Beania klugei Cook, 1968, MZUSP 391, São Paulo state, close-up of distal end of a zooid, note the shape of avicularium and the two distal projections of zoecium; 9–11, Beania maxilladentata Ramalho, Muricy & Taylor, 2010, MZUSP 400, Rio de Janeiro state; 9, portion of colony; 10, lateral view of a zooid, note the small lateral spines; 11, close-up of paired distal avicularia; 12–13, Beania mirabilissima n. sp., MZUSP 405 (Holotype), São Paulo state; 12, three zooids of a colony; 13, close-up of a zooid, note the large gap between oral spines and most distal marginal spines.

FIGURES 18–23 in Shallow-water species of Beania Johnston, 1840 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic

FIGURES 18–23. Light micrography of uniserial species of Beania from the Brazilian coast. 18. Beania australis Busk, 1852, MZUSP 377, Alagoas state; 19. Beania cupulariensis Osburn, 1914, MZUSP 381, São Paulo state; 20. Beania klugei Cook, 1968, MZUSP 391, São Paulo state; 21. Beania maxilladentata Ramalho, Muricy & Taylor, 2010, MZUSP 400, Rio de Janeiro state; 22–23. Beania mirabilissima n. sp., MZUSP 405 (Holotype), São Paulo state; 22, colony; 23, lateral view of a zooid.

FIGURES 14–17 in Shallow-water species of Beania Johnston, 1840 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic

FIGURES 14–17. SEM of reticulate species of Beania from the Brazilian coast. 14–15. Beania americana n. sp., MZUSP 415 (Holotype), São Paulo state; 14, portion of colony; 15, close-up of oral region of a zooid; 16–17, Beania correiae n. sp., MZUSP 402, Alagoas state; 16, portion of a colony; 17, close-up of a zooid.

FIGURES 2–7 in Shallow-water species of Beania Johnston, 1840 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic

FIGURES 2–7. SEM of uniserial species of Beania from the Brazilian coast. 2–4. Beania australis Busk, 1852, MZUSP 377, Alagoas state; 2, colony with four zooids; 3, close-up of a zooid; 4, lateral view of a zooid, note the basal connective tubes. 5–6, Beania cupulariensis Osburn, 1914, MZUSP 379, Alagoas state; 5, colony with three zooids; 6, close-up of a zooid, note the most proximal spine directed to the outside. 7, Beania klugei Cook, 1968, MZUSP 391, São Paulo state, small colony with three zooids.

FIGURE 3. A in Shallow-water squat lobsters (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) from Mayotte (Comoros Island), La Réunion and Madagascar, with the description of a new genus and two new species

FIGURE 3. A, Galathea aegyptiaca Paul'son, 1875, Madagascar, Nosy Be, ov. F 3.6 mm (UF14013), dorsal view. B, Galathea aegyptiaca Paul'son, 1875, Madagascar, Nosy Be, M 3.0 mm (UF14576), dorsal view. C, Galathea mauritiana Bouvier, 1914, Madagascar, Nosy Be, ov. F 3.6 mm (UF14334), dorsal view. D, Galathea mauritiana Bouvier, 1914, Mayotte, ov. F 3.2 mm (MNHN-Ga7335), dorsal view. E, Galathea denticulata new species, Mayotte, holotype, M 2.2 mm (MNHN-Ga7338), dorsal view. F, Galathea spinosorostris Dana, 1852, Mayotte, M 3.2 mm (MNHN-Ga7340), dorsal view. G, Galathea tanegashimae Baba, 1969, Madagascar, Nosy Be, M 3.8 mm (UF14413), dorsal view. H, Galathea tanegashimae Baba, 1969, Mayotte, ov. F 3.7 mm (MNHN-Ga7342), dorsal view. I, Galathea ternatensis De Man, 1902, Madagascar, Nosy Be, F 4.0 mm (UF12554), dorsal view. J, Galathea ternatensis De Man, 1902, Madagascar, Nosy Be, F 3.4 mm (UF14630), dorsal view. K, Macrothea bouchardi new species, Mayotte, holotype, M 3.5 mm (MNHN-Ga7350), dorsal view. L, Sadayoshia edwardsii (Miers, 1884), Mayotte, M 4.6 mm (MNHN-Ga7351). Photographs: Madagascar, G. Paulay; Mayotte, J. Poupin & R. Cleva.

FIGURE 2 in Shallow-water squat lobsters (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) from Mayotte (Comoros Island), La Réunion and Madagascar, with the description of a new genus and two new species

FIGURE 2. Macrothea bouchardi new species, holotype, male, 3.5 mm, Mayotte, Stn 23 (MNHN-Ga7350). A, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; B, sternal plastron; C, telson and uropods, dorsal; D, left cephalic region, showing antennular and antennal peduncles, ventral view; E, right Mxp3, lateral view; F, right P1, dorsal view; G, right P2, lateral view; H, right P3, lateral view; I, right P4, lateral view; J, right P5 palm and fingers, lateral view. Scale, 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Shallow-water squat lobsters (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) from Mayotte (Comoros Island), La Réunion and Madagascar, with the description of a new genus and two new species

FIGURE 1. Galathea denticulata new species, holotype, male, 2.2 mm, Mayotte, Stn 9 (MNHN-Ga7338). A, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; B, pterygostomian flap, lateral; C, sternal plastron; D, left cephalic region, showing antennular and antennal peduncles, ventral view; E, right Mxp3, lateral view; F, right P1, dorsal view; G, right P2, lateral view; H, right P3, lateral view; I, right P4, lateral view. Scale, 1 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Discovery of the rare burrowing shrimp Calliapagurops charcoti de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in shallow water: first record of the infraorder for Madeira Island

FIGURE 2. Calliapagurops charcoti de Saint Laurent, 1973. A–G, male (cl 18.3 mm), MMF 41170; H–R, female (cl 17 mm), NHMW 25026. Carapace in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view; C, third maxilliped, lateral aspect (in situ, setae omitted); major (D) and minor (F) cheliped, lateral aspect (in situ, ischium not flat); fingers of major (E) and minor (G) cheliped in mesial view; major (H) and minor (J) cheliped in mesial view; fingers of major (I) and minor (K) cheliped in lateral view; distal articles of fourth pereopod in lateral (L) and mesial (M) view (setae omitted); N, abdomen in lateral view; O, telson; P, left uropod; Q, first right pleopod, ventral view (setae omitted); R, second right pleopod, posterior view (setae omitted). Scale is 5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Discovery of the rare burrowing shrimp Calliapagurops charcoti de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) in shallow water: first record of the infraorder for Madeira Island

FIGURE 1. Calliapagurops charcoti de Saint Laurent, 1973 in situ at the burrow opening. A, male (cl 18.3 mm), MMF 41170; C, D, presumably female (not collected). Note spread setae on antennal flagellum (arrow).