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1,133 results for “wetlands”
Figure 1 in Characterization of shelters of the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis, Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) in the pantanal wetlands, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Figure 1. Demarcation of shelters (dens and campsites) and latrines of giant otter in Espírito Santo Creek, Natural Heritage Private Reserve, SESC Pantanal, municipality of Barão de Melgaço, northern portion of Pantanal, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in temperate European wetlands under eutrophic conditions
<p>Wetlands are important habitats, often threatened by drainage, eutrophication and suppression of grazing. In many countries, considerable resources are spent combatting scrub encroachment. Here, we hypothesize that encroachment may benefit biodiversity – especially under eutrophic conditions where asymmetric competition among plants compromises conservation targets. We studied the effects of scrub cover, nutrient levels and soil moisture on richness of vascular plants, bryophytes, soil fungi and microbes in open and overgrown wetlands. We also tested the effect of encroachment, eutrophication and soil moisture on indicators of conservation value (red-listed species, indicator species and uniqueness). Plant and bryophyte species richness peaked at low soil fertility, whereas soil fertility promoted soil microbes. Soil fungi responded negatively to increasing soil moisture. Lidar-derived variables reflecting degree of scrub cover had predominantly positive effects on species richness measures. Conservation value indicators had a negative relationship to soil fertility and a positive to encroachment. For plant indicator species, the negative effect of high nutrient levels was offset by encroachment, supporting our hypothesis of competitive release under shade. The positive effect of soil moisture on indicator species was strong in open habitats only. Nutrient poor mires and meadows host many rare species and require conservation management by grazing and natural hydrology. On former agricultural lands, where restoration of infertile conditions is unfeasible, we recommend rewilding with opportunities for encroachment towards semi-open willow scrub and swamp forest, with the prospect of high species richness in bryophytes, fungi and soil microbes and competitive release in the herb layer.</p>
Wetland creation and reforestation of legacy surface mines in the Central Applachian Region (USA): A potential climate-adaptation approach for pond-breeding amphibians?
<p>Habitat restoration and creation within human-altered landscapes can buffer the impacts of climate change on wildlife. The Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) is a coal surface mine reclamation practice that enhances reforestation through soil decompaction and the planting of native trees. Recently, wetland creation has been coupled with FRA to increase habitat available for wildlife, including amphibians. Our objective was to evaluate the response of pond-breeding amphibians to the FRA by comparing species occupancy, richness, and abundance across two FRA age-classes (2–5-year and 8–1—year reclaimed forests), traditionally reclaimed sites that were left to naturally regenerate after mining, and in mature, unmined forests in the Monongahela National Forest (West Virginia, USA). We found that species richness and occupancy estimates did not differ across treatment types. Spotted Salamanders (<em>Ambystoma maculatum</em>) and Eastern Newts (<em>Notophthalmus viridescens</em>) had the greatest estimated abundances in wetlands in the older FRA treatment. Additionally, larger wetlands had greater abundances of Eastern Newts, Wood Frogs (<em>Lithobates sylvaticus</em>), and Green Frogs (<em>L. clamitans</em>) compared to smaller wetlands. Our results suggest that wetland creation and reforestation increases the number of breeding sites and promotes microhabitat and microclimate conditions that likely maximize the resilience of pond-breeding amphibians to anticipated climate changes in the study area.</p>
Data from: Water level drawdown induces a legacy effect on the seed bank and retains sediment chemistry in a eutrophic clay wetland
<p>The lack of extreme water level fluctuations in managed, non-peat forming wetland ecosystems can result in decreased productivity through the loss of heterogeneity of these ecosystems. Stochastic disruption, such as a water level drawdown, can effectively reverse this effect and return the wetland to a more productive state, associated with higher biodiversity through new vegetation development. Yet, aside from the effect on vegetation dynamics, little is known about longer-term effects (30 years) of a water level drawdown, hereafter referred to as legacy effects, and how this may impact future water level drawdowns.</p> <p>Here, we aim to unravel the legacy effects of a water level drawdown, stand alone and along a water level gradient, on seed bank properties and nutrient availability in a eutrophic clay wetland. To identify these, we studied the hydrologically managed nature reserve Oostvaardersplassen in the Netherlands. Here, one section was subjected to a multi-year water level drawdown and another section was kept inundated. We determined seed bank properties in both areas, spatially and along a soil elevation gradient (20 cm). Nutrient availability was measured by taking sediment samples along the water level gradient and through experimental manipulation of the water level in an indoor mesocosm experiment.</p> <p>Germination was higher in locations with a water level drawdown history, especially at relatively high elevations. Additionally, the proportion of pioneer species in the seed bank was higher in the water level drawdown area. Overall, nutrient concentrations were higher compared to other systems. Nutrient availability was higher in the inundated area and did not respond to the water level gradient. We conclude that 30 years after an induced water level drawdown there is no depletion of nutrients, while we still observe a legacy effect in the number of viable seeds in the seed bank.</p>
Are rice fields less diverse and more invaded by non-native species than less impacted habitats? A test with wetland microcrustaceans
<p>Raw data of environmental variables and microcrustacean abundance community matrix</p> <p>R scripts used in the study</p>
DATA for: Asgard archaea modulate potential methanogenesis substrates in wetland soil
<p>Data supporting the findings of this study, including the complete genomes of soil-associated Atabeyarchaeia and Freyarchaeia and their in situ metabolic profiles, are available.</p> <p><strong>Asgard archaea modulate potential methanogenesis substrates in wetland soil</strong></p> <p>Luis E. Valentin-Alvarado<sup>1,2,</sup><sup>†</sup>, Kathryn E. Appler<sup>3,</sup><sup>†</sup>, Valerie De Anda<sup>3,4</sup>, Marie C. Schoelmerich<sup>1,</sup><sup>‡</sup>, Jacob<sup> </sup>West-Roberts<sup>5</sup>, Veronika Kivenson<sup>9</sup>, Alexander Crits-Christoph<sup>1,2,</sup><sup>§</sup>, Lynn Ly<sup>6</sup>, Rohan Sachdeva<sup>1</sup>, David F. Savage<sup>1,7</sup>, Brett J. Baker<sup>3,4</sup>, and Jillian F. Banfield<sup>1,4,8,9,</sup>*</p>
Seasonal precipitation distribution determines ecosystem CO₂ and H₂O exchange by regulating spring soil water-salt dynamics in a brackish wetland
<p>The intensification of the global hydrological cycle is anticipated to increase the variability of precipitation patterns. Brackish wetlands respond to changes in precipitation patterns by regulating the absorption and release of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O to maintain the stability of ecosystem functions. However, there is limited understanding of how the inter-seasonal precipitation distribution affects ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O exchange compared to annual precipitation totals. Here, we conducted four consecutive years of field experiments in a brackish wetland, manipulating the proportion of precipitation across different seasons while maintaining a constant annual precipitation total. We utilized five inter-seasonal precipitation distribution proportions (+73%, +56%, control (CK), -56%, and -73%) to examine the effects of seasonal precipitation distribution (SPD) on ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O exchange. Our findings revealed that the ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O fluxes showed a trend of decreasing with the decrease of spring precipitation distribution. Among them, the annual net ecosystem CO<sub>2 </sub>exchange (NEE), evapotranspiration (ET), carbon use efficiency (CUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) were shown to be more sensitive to decrease in spring precipitation distribution and increase in summer and autumn precipitation distribution. This negative asymmetric response pattern suggests that annual ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O exchange is primarily governed by seasonal precipitation variability, with spring soil water-salt dynamics identified as the key driver. Therefore, this association can be explained by the fact that drought of the early growth stage exacerbates soil salinization and inhibits vegetation colonization and growth, thereby greatly impairing the annual CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O exchange capacity of brackish wetlands. Our results emphasized that the spring's extreme precipitation-induced soil water-salt conditions will greatly influence CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O exchange in brackish wetlands in the future. These findings are crucial for improving predictions of the carbon sequestration and water-holding capacity of brackish wetlands.</p>
Fig.1 in Species Diversity Of Wetland Birds, Depending On Area, Overgrowth Of Water Bodies On The Example Of Sovskie Ponds (Ukraine)
Fig.1. Map of the study areas.
Fig 6 in Species Diversity Of Wetland Birds, Depending On Area, Overgrowth Of Water Bodies On The Example Of Sovskie Ponds (Ukraine)
Fig 6. Shannon Index of nesting bird species depending on the area overgrown with macrophytes.
Fig. 4 in Species Diversity Of Wetland Birds, Depending On Area, Overgrowth Of Water Bodies On The Example Of Sovskie Ponds (Ukraine)
Fig. 4. The number of nesting pairs depending on the area owergrown with macrophytes.
Fig. 3 in Species Diversity Of Wetland Birds, Depending On Area, Overgrowth Of Water Bodies On The Example Of Sovskie Ponds (Ukraine)
Fig. 3. The number of nesting bird species depending on the area owergrown with macrophytes.
Figure 2 in The Pantanal is on fire and only a sustainable agenda can save the largest wetland in the world
Figure 2. Wildfire in Pantanal: 1 – firefighter; 2, 3 – burned area; 4, 5, 6 - dead animals.
Figure 1. Pantanal burned area per year until 9 in The Pantanal is on fire and only a sustainable agenda can save the largest wetland in the world
Figure 1. Pantanal burned area per year until 9/25/2020.
Fig. 2. A in A preliminary study of genetic structure and relatedness analysis of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) in Upo Wetland
Fig. 2. A bar plot representing the estimated membership coefficients of nutria individuals (K=2).
Fig. 1 in A preliminary study of genetic structure and relatedness analysis of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) in Upo Wetland
Fig. 1. Maps denoting Upo Wetland where nutrias were collected.
Modelled wetland sites, Waituna, NZ
<p>Data were produced by using suitability modelling. Based on the DEM, the potential wetland area was virtually flooded from the impoundment up to a depth of 1 m. We calculated the area, average depth, and water storage capacity for each modelled wetland based on the flooded area. Coordinate system NZTM2000.</p>
Dataset for "Monthly Gridded Data Product of Northern Wetland Methane Emissions Based on Upscaling Eddy Covariance Observations"
<p>This dataset provides wetland methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions, their uncertainties and underlying CH<sub>4</sub> flux densities north from 45 N using three different wetland maps. The data products are derived using data from several eddy covariance CH<sub>4</sub> flux sites, random forest machine learning algorithms and three prescribed wetland maps. The data are at 0.5 by 0.5 deg or 1 by 1 deg resolution, depending on the wetland map used. The dataset covers years 2013 and 2014. CH<sub>4</sub> flux densities are provided only for grid cells with > 5 % wetland coverage.</p> <p>The three data products are provided in netCDF format files (.nc). Please see more details in the attributes saved in the netCDF files.</p> <p>RF-DYPTOP.nc<br> Upscaling based on DYPTOP dynamic wetland map. At 1 by 1 deg resolution.</p> <p>RF-GLWD.nc<br> Upscaling using GLWD static wetland map. At 0.5 by 0.5 deg resolution.</p> <p>RF-PEATMAP.nc<br> Upscaling using PEATMAP static wetland map. At 0.5 by 0.5 deg resolution.</p> <p> </p> <p>This dataset is related to Peltola et al. (2019) manuscript submitted to Earth System Science Data. Please cite this publication if you use this dataset in your work.</p> <p>Peltola, O., Vesala, T., Gao, Y., Räty, O., Alekseychik, P., Aurela, M., Chojnicki, B., Desai, A. R., Dolman, A. J., Euskirchen, E. S., Friborg, T., Göckede, M., Helbig, M., Humphreys, E., Jackson, R. B., Jocher, G., Joos, F., Klatt, J., Knox, S. H., Kowalska, N., Kutzbach, L., Lienert, S., Lohila, A., Mammarella, I., Nadeau, D. F., Nilsson, M. B., Oechel, W. C., Peichl, M., Pypker, T., Quinton, W., Rinne, J., Sachs, T., Samson, M., Schmid, H. P., Sonnentag, O., Wille, C., Zona, D., and Aalto, T.: Monthly Gridded Data Product of Northern Wetland Methane Emissions Based on Upscaling Eddy Covariance Observations, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2019-28, in review, 2019.</p>
Online Resources Chapter 3 - Decomposition of standing litter biomass in newly constructed wetlands associated with direct effects of sediment and water characteristics and the composition and activity of the decomposer community using Phragmites australis as a single standard substrate
<p>Online Resources to Chapter 3 "Decomposition of standing litter biomass in newly constructed wetlands associated with direct effects of sediment and water characteristics and the composition and activity of the decomposer community using Phragmites australis as a single standard substrate" of PhD thesis from Ciska Overbeek, "Peat formation on a former landfill - Production and decomposition of aquatic pioneer vegetation". </p> <p>Published by Overbeek et al in 2019 in Wetlands 39(1): 113-125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1081-y. </p>
Supplementary Material Chapter 4 - Decomposition of aquatic pioneer vegetation in newly constructed wetlands
<p>Supplementary Material to Chapter 4 "Decomposition of aquatic pioneer vegetation in newly constructed wetlands" of PhD thesis from Ciska Overbeek, "Peat formation on a former landfill - Production and decomposition of aquatic pioneer vegetation". </p> <p>Published by Overbeek et al in 2018 in Ecological Engineering 114: 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.06.046. </p>
Fig. 1 in On a new species of the genus Cyprinotus (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from a temporary wetland in New Caledonia (Pacific Ocean), with a reappraisal of the genus
Fig. 1. Map of New Caledonia, showing type locality on Grande Terre, near La Tontouta.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.