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opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

Supplementary data: "Secondary control activation analysed and predicted with explainable AI"

This repository contains processed data and result files for the paper  <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.04802">Secondary control activation analysed and predicted with explainable AI</a> .   The code for producing the processed data and the results is <a href="https://github.com/johkruse/XAI-for-aFRR-activation">available at github</a>. Data The data folder contains the feature and target data used to train the ML model. The data for Germany comprises the following folders and files: <ul> <li>raw_input_data.h5 : The aggregated external features without additional engineered features.</li> <li>inputs_<model_type>.h5 : The input features for the different model types used in the paper including the engineered features. Depending on the model type, the input files also contain the IGCC features.</li> <li>outputs.h5 :  The activated aFRR volumes in Germany.</li> <li>version_2021-08-20: Folder containing the training and test sets used for the results.</li> <li>documentation_of_data_download: Information files concerning the ENTSO-E raw data and its aggregation.</li> </ul> In addition to the German time series, the data folder contains the raw input data for the remaining IGCC states. Note that the results contain more model types as actually discussed in the paper. Data sources The data for input features (raw_input_data.h5 and input_<model_type>.h5) is derived from ENTSO-E Transparency Platform data [1]. The target data (outputs.h5) is based on publicly available data from the German Transmission System Operators (TSOs) [2]. Results The result folder comprises the results of hyper-parameter optimization, model prediction and interpretation via SHAP. The model type, the loss function to train the model and the data set for prediction/interpretation were varied. <ul> <li>cv_results_<model_type>_<loss_function>.csv : Performance results for each combination in the hyper-parameter grid search.</li> <li>cv_best_params_<model_type>_<loss_function>.csv : Hyper-parameters used in the final (optimized) model.</li> <li>shap_values_<data_set>_<model_type>_<loss_function>.npy : First-order SHAP values calculated on different data sets: The train set, the randomized test set and the continuous test set.</li> <li>y_pred_<data_set>.h5 : Predictions of daily profile predictor and Machine Learning models.</li> </ul> Disclaimer The data might be subject to copyright or related rights. Please consult the primary data owner.

Unaltered soil microbial community composition, but decreased metabolic activity in a semi-arid grassland after two years of passive experimental warming

Soil microbial communities regulate soil carbon feedbacks to climate warming through microbial respiration (i.e. metabolic rate). A thorough understanding of the responses of composition, biomass and metabolic rate of soil microbial community to warming is crucial to predict soil carbon stocks in a future warmer climate. Therefore, we conducted a field manipulative experiment in a semi-arid grassland on the Loess Plateau of China to evaluate the responses of the soil microbial community to increased temperature from April 2015 to December 2017. Soil temperature was 2.0 oC higher relative to the ambient when open-top chambers (OTCs) were used. Warming did not affect microbial biomass or the composition of microbial functional groups. However, warming significantly decreased microbial respiration, directly resulting from soil pH decrease driven by the co-mediation of aboveground biomass increase, inorganic nitrogen increase and moisture decrease. These findings highlight that the soil microbial community structure of semi-arid grasslands resisted the short-term warming by 2 oC, although its metabolic rate declined.

openother-openSep 2021View details →

Malawi Active Fault Database

First release of the Malawi Active Fault Database (MAFD) associated with a publication in review with the journal Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosystems. To reference this database please refer to the latest release of the dataset on Github and Zenodo and please also cite: Williams, J. N., Wedmore, L. N. J., Scholz, C. A., Kolawole, F., Wright, L. J. M., Shillington, D., Fagereng, Å., Biggs, J., Mdala, H., Dulanya, Z., Mphepo, F., Chindandali, P. R. N., Werner, M. J. (2022), The Malawi Active Fault Database: an onshore-offshore database for regional assessment of seismic hazard and tectonic evoultion. _Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems_, 23(5), e2022GC010425. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010425">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010425</a> For full details of the database, please refer to the journal article above.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Supporting Data for "Actively Searching: Inverse Design of Novel Molecules with Simultaneously Optimized Properties" Manuscript

Training data and xTB calculated properties of sampled structures from the generative active learning experiments reported in the manuscript.

Data from: First evidence of wasp brood development inside active nests of a termite with the description of a previously unknown potter wasp species

Potter wasps (Vespidae: Eumeninae) are known to exhibit not only sophisticated preying strategies but also a remarkable ability to manipulate clay during nest building. Due to a mixture of plasticity in building behaviour and flexibility in substrate preferences during nest-building, the group has been reported nesting in a variety of places, including decaying nests abandoned by termite species. Yet, evidence of wasps nesting inside senescent termite mounds is poorly reported and, to date, accounts confirming their presence inside active colonies of termites are absent. Here, we address a novel intriguing association between two species from the Brazilian Cerrado: a previously unknown potter wasp (nest invader) and a termite species (nest builder). Besides scientifically describing Montezumia termitophila sp. nov. (Vespidae: Eumeninae), named after its association with the termite Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Silvestri, 1901) (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae), we provide preliminary information about the new species' bionomics by including (i) a hypothetical life cycle based on the evidence we collected and (ii) a footage showing the first interaction between a recently ecloded wasp and a group of termites. In doing so, we attempt to provoke relevant discussions in the field and, perhaps, motivate further studies with the group. Finally, we describe a solution to efficiently detect and sample termitophilous species from termite nests, an intrinsic yet challenging task of any studies dealing with such a cryptic biological system.Potter wasps (Vespidae: Eumeninae) are known to exhibit not only sophisticated preying strategies but also a remarkable ability to manipulate clay during nest building. Due to a mixture of plasticity in building behaviour and flexibility in substrate preferences during nest-building, the group has been reported nesting in a variety of places, including decaying nests abandoned by termite species. Yet, evidence of wasps nesting inside senescent termite mounds is poorly reported and, to date, accounts confirming their presence inside active colonies of termites are absent. Here, we address a novel intriguing association between two species from the Brazilian Cerrado: a previously unknown potter wasp (nest invader) and a termite species (nest builder). Besides scientifically describing Montezumia termitophila sp. nov. (Vespidae: Eumeninae), named after its association with the termite Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Silvestri, 1901) (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae), we provide preliminary information about the new species' bionomics by including (i) a hypothetical life cycle based on the evidence we collected and (ii) a footage showing the first interaction between a recently ecloded wasp and a group of termites. In doing so, we attempt to provoke relevant discussions in the field and, perhaps, motivate further studies with the group. Finally, we describe a solution to efficiently detect and sample termitophilous species from termite nests, an intrinsic yet challenging task of any studies dealing with such a cryptic biological system.

Data from: Effectiveness of signs of activity as relative abundance indices for wild boar

Population growth in wild boars and feral pigs (Sus scrofa) has negative environmental and economic implications worldwide. Accordingly, it is necessary to monitor population trends for appropriate management. Despite the potential for bias, relative abundance indices based on signs of activity have the potential to be practical, low-cost monitoring tools for data collection at a local scale and over large areas. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of specific signs as measures of relative wild boar abundance in comparison with reliable density estimates. In this study, we examined whether three activity signs (digging marks, rubbing marks, and fecal pellet groups) could be used as relative abundance indices for wild boar. In particular, we conducted transect surveys for signs of activity as well as camera trap surveys from September 2017 to January 2018 at six sites in Hyogo Prefecture and eight sites in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. We modeled the relations between the number of activity signs and wild boar densities or abundances estimated from camera trap data in a hierarchical framework. Fecal pellet counts are a well-established method for estimating the abundance of herbivores, including wild boar; however, we found few fecal pellet groups in our study area, and the counts were not related to wild boar densities. Instead, we found that digging marks were strongly associated with estimates of wild boar density. Although fluctuations in the number of digging marks may be affected by factors other than boar density, including environmental conditions and seasonality, our results suggest that digging marks are an effective relative abundance index for evaluations of the spatial patterns of wild boar in Japan.

Passive acoustic records of Lake Sturgeon calling activity in Detroit River

Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) are endangered in the Laurentian Great Lakes with increasing binational efforts to establish spawning grounds to aid restoration. While SCUBA surveys can document spawning activity, these are labour-intensive and may disrupt spawning. We used passive acoustic monitoring to quantify spawning sounds of lake sturgeon as a first step to developing remote sensing of sturgeon spawning grounds. Acipenser sp. are known to make a variety of sounds including, "thunders" (aka drums), which have been documented in A. fulvescens during spawning. We quantified drums from a known spawning bed. We recorded 5 different potential sturgeon sounds but only quantified drums as a marker for spawning activity. Drums were low frequency with average frequency peaks at 40 and 92 Hz and a rapid drop-off thereafter. There was no relationship between calling activity and water temperature but calling activity increased as the summer progressed. Call production was most active from 0600-1500h with little calling activity during nighttime recordings. The presence of low frequency boat sounds did correlate with a reduction in maximum calling rate so it is possible that commercial shipping may disrupt sturgeon communication, but more research is necessary to separate correlational from causative effects. These recordings represent a promising approach to map sturgeon spawning activity and show the potential effect of human activity on communication in this threatened species.

Motion‐triggered laser photography shows burrowing crayfish activity patterns

1. Burrowing crayfish represent 15% of total crayfish species and 32% of imperiled species. Few life history studies exist for these species and more information is needed regarding their ecology, population status, distribution, and biogeography for effective conservation efforts. Challenges to gaining such information include sampling difficulty and small sample sizes. Collection efforts may be more efficient if activity patterns can be identified for species of interest. The goal of our study was to assess specific environmental indicators of burrowing crayfish activity patterns. 2. We evaluated activity patterns of two primary burrowing crayfish species, Lacunicambarus erythrodactylus Simon & Morris, 2014 and Procambarus holifieldi Schuster, Taylor & Adams, 2015 using laser-triggered digital photography for one-year periods in the Bogue Chitto Creek floodplain, Dallas County, Alabama, U.S.A. We predicted that activity would be related to time of day, season, groundwater depth, and precipitation. 3. Activity by L. erythrodactylus covaried significantly with time of day, daylength, groundwater temperature, and relative air temperature, while activity by P. holifieldi covaried with time of day, season, groundwater temperature, and relative air temperature. Additionally, burrow chimney construction by P. holifieldi covaried with daylength, groundwater temperature, relative air temperature, and precipitation. 4. Out-of-burrow activity for both species was greatest at night and during periods of relatively cool groundwater temperatures and relatively warm air temperatures, which may be linked to thermal regulation behavior. The probability of chimney construction by P. holifieldi increased with increasing daylength and decreasing precipitation and was highest during periods of cool groundwater temperatures and air temperatures. A distinct lull in activity from October through March for both species was likely the result of reproductive behaviors such as period of egg production and incubation within burrows. 5. Identifying peak out-of-burrow activity periods for burrowing crayfish will allow collection efforts to be focused on periods of greatest activity, thereby facilitating the study of burrowing crayfish behavior.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

The effect of S427F mutation on RXRα activity depends on its dimeric partner

Simulations for RXRa-RARa can be found at: https://repo.vi-seem.eu/handle/21.15102/VISEEM-169  Below are the datasets of the MD simulations RXRα-RXRα and RXRα-PPARγ for the paper: "The effect of S427F mutation on RXRα activity depends on its dimeric partner", Galdadas et al, 2021, Chemical Science. RXRs are nuclear receptors acting as transcription regulators that control key cellular processes in all tissues. All type II nuclear receptors require RXRs for transcriptional activity by forming heterodimeric complexes. Recent whole-exome sequencing studies have identified the RXRα S427F hotspot mutation in 5% of the bladder cancer patients, which is always located at the interface of RXRα with its obligatory dimerization partners. Here, we show that mutation of S427 deregulates transcriptional activity of RXRα dimers, albeit with diverse allosteric mechanisms of action depending on its dimeric partner. S427F acts by allosteric mechanisms, which range from inducing the collapse of the binding pocket to allosteric stabilization of active co-activator competent RXRα states. Unexpectedly, RXR S427F heterodimerization leads to either loss- or gain-of-function complexes, in both cases likely compromising its tumor suppressor activity. This is the first report of a cancer-associated single amino acid substitution that affects the function of the mutant protein variably depending on its dimerization partner.

MATLAB scripts for reproducing figures in "Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Downscaled from Climate Reanalyses Show Increasing Activity Through the Late 19th and 20th Centuries"

A set of MATLAB scripts that contain the data for all 4 figures of "Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Downscaled from Climate Reanalyses Show Increasing Activity Through the Late 19th and 20th Centuries"  and allows the user to plot these data. Please read the very short ReadMe file before using the scripts.

Data and code for Mitonuclear interactions affect locomotor activity and sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Data and R code for  Mitonuclear interactions affect locomotor activity and sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Boosting Activity and Stability of Metal Single-Atom Catalysts via Regulation of Coordination Number and Local Composition

Optimized geometry coordinates in DFT calculations for the publication "Boosting Activity and Stability of Metal Single-Atom Catalysts via Regulation of Coordination Number and Local Composition".

The power of nighttime lights: Exploring their suitability as a proxy for GDP, population, and other socioeconomic activity

Final datasets that were used to arrive at my results in my bachelor's thesis.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Country AI Activity Metrics

This <a href="https://eto.tech" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Emerging Technology Observatory</a> dataset includes national-level metrics for AI-related research, patents, and private-market investment. Metrics are presented for AI as a whole as well as select subfields, such as natural language processing and computer vision. For schemas and a detailed methodological description, visit the <a href="https://eto.tech/dataset-docs/country-ai-activity-metrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener">full documentation</a>. To browse the data visually, visit ETO's <a href="https://cat.eto.tech" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Country Activity Tracker</a>. Research subject classifications are based on work supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation under Grant No. G-2023-22358.

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →

FIGURE 1 in Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA

FIGURE 1. Species accumulation curve (dotted-line) and the estimated species accumulation via the first order jackknife estimator (solid-line), with standard deviation (gray area), for velvet ants of Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge.

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →

FIGURES 2–11. Male genitalia. 2 in Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA

FIGURES 2–11. Male genitalia. 2. Odontophotopsis acmaea: dorsal view (left) and internal view (right); 3. O. armata: dorsal view and lateral view of cuspis (inset); 4. O. bellona: dorsal view; 5. O. mamata: dorsal view and lateral view of cuspis (inset); 6. O. microdonta: dorsal view (right) and ventral view (left); 7. O. piute: dorsal view; 8. O. serca: dorsal view and lateral view of cuspis (inset); 9. Sphaeropthalma nana: internal view; 10. S. orestes: dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right); and 11. S. parkeri: dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2018View details →

Characterization of deep neural network features by decodability from human brain activity

We present a dataset derived through the DNN feature decoding analyses (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15037">Horikawa and Kamitani, 2017</a>), including true and decoded feature values of DNNs (AlexNet and VGG19) and decoding accuracies of individual DNN features with their rankings. The decoding accuracies of individual DNN features were highly correlated across subjects, suggesting the systematic differences between the brain and DNNs. The unpreprocessed fMRI data is available from the OpenNeuro (<a href="https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds001246">https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds001246</a>). We hope the present dataset will contribute to reveal the gap between the brain and DNNs and provide an opportunity to make use of the decoded features for further applications.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Supplementary material 3 from: Harrington LA, D'Cruze N, Macdonald DW (2018) Rise to fame: events, media activity and public interest in pangolins and pangolin trade, 2005–2016. Nature Conservation 30: 107-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.30.28651

Collated datasets : Explanation note: Annual Facebook posts and news articles, 2005–2016; monthly Google Trends, 2005–2016 (including daily Wikipedia July 2015 – December 2016); weekly Google Trends, 2015–2016; daily Facebook posts and news articles, 2015–2016.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Supplementary material 2 from: Harrington LA, D'Cruze N, Macdonald DW (2018) Rise to fame: events, media activity and public interest in pangolins and pangolin trade, 2005–2016. Nature Conservation 30: 107-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.30.28651

News articles. Complete text of all news articles retrieved from Nexis UK under the search term 'pangolin', January 2005 – December 2016 :