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FIGURE 1 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

FIGURE 1. Collecting site in the Arabuko Sokoke Forest, Kenya. FIGURE 2. Multiple cocoons on a leaflet of Cremaspora triflora (Thonn.) K. Schum. [Rubiaceae]. FIGURE 3. Pupation of Caloptilia mwamba sp. nov. occurs in an oval transparent cocoon.

FIGURE 4 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

FIGURE 4. Paratype of Caloptilia (Rhadinoptilia) camphorae Kumata, 1982, Japan, Tokyo, Honsyu, 18.vi.1971, leg. K. Kabayashi; host Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl.; paratype No7226, in TMSA. FIGURE 5. Holotype of Caloptilia mwamba sp. nov. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000023124. Scale bar 1 mm. FIGURE 6. Paratype of Caloptilia mwamba sp. nov., CDR, Ht. Katanga, Panda, 06.02.1930, leg. J. Romieux, in NHMG. Scale bar 1 mm. FIGURE 7. Caloptilia mwamba sp. nov., basal part of tegumen and vinculum, holotype, gen. prep. De Prins 3835♂.

FIGURES 43–48 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

FIGURES 43–48. Males of Afrotroppopsis risbeci (smaller specimen, two specimens, 1.9–2.2 mm). 43, 44, habitus, lateral view. 45, 46, 48, head and mesosoma, in different enlargements. 47, lateral panel of pronotum. Scale bar as indicated.

FIGURES 55–58 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

FIGURES 55–58. Wing Interference Pattern of Afrotroppopsis risbeci. 55, in female. 56, in male (larger specimen). 57, 58, in two males (smaller specimen).

FIGURES 39–42 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

FIGURES 39–42. Micro-morphological variation of males of Afrotroppopsis risbeci. 39, scutellum and propodeum (smaller specimen). 40, head and pronotum, dorsal view (smaller specimen). 41, scutellum and propodeum, enlarged (smaller specimen). 42, scutellum and propodeum, enlarged (larger specimen). Scale bar as indicated.

FIGURES 27–32. Afrotroppopsis risbeci habitus. 27 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

FIGURES 27–32. Afrotroppopsis risbeci habitus. 27, holotype (Senegal). 28–32, specimens collected in Kenya. 28, 29, females, 30–32, males. 30, larger specimen of males. 31, 32, smaller specimen of males. Scale bar as indicated.

FIGURE 25 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

FIGURE 25. Flight diagram of Caloptilia mwamba sp. nov. per month. Total number of specimens 148; earliest record 6 February 1930, latest record 8 December 2004. FIGURE 26. Caloptilia mwamba De Prins, 2015.

FIGURES 57‒60 in A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 11. Two new genera from the Acantholycosa complex

FIGURES 57‒60. Gulocosa eskovi sp. n. female and male (57, 58) in nature and distribution maps of G. eskovi sp. n. (59) and Melecosa alpina (60).

FIGURES 45‒50 in A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 11. Two new genera from the Acantholycosa complex

FIGURES 45‒50. Copulatory organs of Melecosa alpina. 45‒46 male palp, subapical and subapical-retrolateral respectively; 47‒48 embolic division, ventral and from above respectively; 49‒50 epigyne, ventral and dorsal respectively. Abbreviations: Ba basal arm, Em embolus, Pp process of palea.

FIGURES 40‒44 in A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 11. Two new genera from the Acantholycosa complex

FIGURES 40‒44. Male palp of Melecosa alpina. 40, 42 ventral; 41 retrolateral; 43‒44 embolic division, retrolateral and from above, respectively. Abbreviations: Aa apical arm, Ba basal arm, Em embolus, Pp process of palea.

FIGURES 28‒39 in A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 11. Two new genera from the Acantholycosa complex

FIGURES 28‒39. Epigyne of Gulocosa eskovi sp. n. (28‒31), Melecosa alpina (32‒33), Acantholycosa norvegica (34‒36), Sibirocosa koponeni (37‒38) an S. trilikauskasi (39). 28‒30, 32, 34‒35, 37 ventral; 31, 33, 36, 38‒39 dorsal. 37‒39 after Omelko & Marusik (2013). Abbreviations: Ap apical pocket, Ba basal arm, Fo fovea, Lm lateral margin, Rh head of receptacle, Sb septal base, Se septum, Ss septal stem.

FIGURES 22‒27 in A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 11. Two new genera from the Acantholycosa complex

FIGURES 22‒27. Male palp of Gulocosa eskovi sp. n. 22‒24 bulbus, ventral, ventro-retrolateral and from above respectively; 25‒27 embolic division, ventral, ventro-retrolateral and from above respectively. Abbreviations: Aa apical arm, Ba basal arm, Em embolus, Pw wart of palea, Ta terminal apophysis.

FIGURES 13‒21 in A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 11. Two new genera from the Acantholycosa complex

FIGURES 13‒21. Details of male palp of Gulocosa eskovi sp. n. (13‒16), Acantholycosa norvegica (17‒18) and Sibirocosa nadolnyi (19‒21: after Omelko & Marusik 2013). 13 bulbus, retrolateral; 14, 19 embolic division, ventral; 15, 18, 21 embolic division, retrolateral; 17, 20 embolic division, from above. Abbreviations: Em embolus, Et embolic tooth, Pa palea, Pp process of palea, Pw wart of palea, Ta terminal apophysis.

FIGURES 51‒56 in A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 11. Two new genera from the Acantholycosa complex

FIGURES 51‒56. Copulatory organs of Mongolicosa mongolensis (51‒53), M. buryatica (54‒55) and Acantholycosa norvegica (56) after Marusik et al. (2004). 51 bulbus, ventral; 52‒53, 56 bulbus, from above; 54‒55 epigyne, ventral. Abbreviations: Em embolus, Et embolic tooth, Pa palea, Pp process of palea.

FIGURES 1‒6. Habitus and male leg I in A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 11. Two new genera from the Acantholycosa complex

FIGURES 1‒6. Habitus and male leg I of Gulocosa eskovi sp. n. (1‒3) and Melecosa alpina (4‒6). 1, 4 female, dorsal; 2, 5 male, dorsal; 3, 6 leg I prolateral.

FIGURES 7‒12 in A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 11. Two new genera from the Acantholycosa complex

FIGURES 7‒12. Male palp of Gulocosa eskovi sp. n. (7‒9), Sibirocosa nadolnyi (10: after Omelko & Marusik 2013) and Acantholycosa norvegica (11‒12). 7‒8, 10‒11 ventral; 9, 12 from above. Abbreviations: Aa apical arm, Ba basal arm, Em embolus, Et embolic tooth, Pa palea, Pp process of palea, Pw wart of palea, Ta terminal apophysis.

FIGURE 13. Trissonchulus oceanus Cobb 1920 A in Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea

FIGURE 13. Trissonchulus oceanus Cobb 1920 A: lateral view of male head end, showing buccal cavity and teeth; B: lateral view of male head end, showing cephalic sensilla and amphid; C: lateral view of female head end, showing amphid; D: lateral view of female body part, showing vulva; E: lateral view of male body part, showing spicule; F: lateral view of male tail region, showing gumbernaculum; G: lateral view of male tail region, showing caudal papillae; H: lateral view of male tail region; I: lateral view of female tail region. Scale bar: A~G = 10 Μm; H, I = 25 Μm.

FIGURE 12. Trissonchulus oceanus Cobb 1920 A in Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea

FIGURE 12. Trissonchulus oceanus Cobb 1920 A: lateral view of female anterior part; B: lateral view of female posterior part; C: lateral view of male tail region and copulatory apparatus; D: lateral view of male anterior part; E: lateral view of male head; F: lateral view of female reproductive system. Scale bar: 50 Μm.

FIGURE 11 in Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea

FIGURE 11. Trissonchulus benepapillosus (Schulz, 1935) A: lateral view of male head end, showing buccal cavity and teeth; B: lateral view of female head end, showing cephalic sensilla; C: lateral view of male head end, showing amphid; D: lateral view of female body part, showing vulva; E: lateral view of male body part, showing copulatory apparatus; F: lateral view of male tail region; G: lateral view of female tail region. Scale bar: A~E = 10 Μm; F, G = 25 Μm.

FIGURE 10 in Three new and two known free-living marine nematode species of the family Ironidae from the East China Sea

FIGURE 10. Trissonchulus benepapillosus (Schulz, 1935) A: lateral view of female reproductive system; B: lateral view of male anterior part; C: lateral view of female posterior part; D: lateral view of male posterior part; E: lateral view of male head end; F: lateral view of male copulatory apparatus; G: lateral view of female anterior part. Scale bar: 50 Μm.