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4,753 results for “SHAPE”
Fig. 1 in Species and shape diversification are inversely correlated among gobies and cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes)
Fig. 1 Locations of morphometric landmarks. Locations of landmarks used in this study shown on right lateral view of Cheilodipterus isostigmus (USNM 171260). Landmarks digitized are: (1) tip of ascending process of premaxilla, (2) anterior tip of premaxilla, (3) dorsal tip of maxilla, (4) anterior tip of dentary, (5) posteroventral tip of maxilla, (6) posteroventral tip of dentary, (7) dorsal tip of supraoccipital crest, (8) articulation point of first vertebra with basioccipital, (9) dorsal extent of dorsalmost pectoral fin radial, (10) anterior tip of pelvis, (11) anteroventral tip of cleithrum, (12) posterior extent of branchiostegal rays, (13) posterior tip of pelvis and articulation of pelvic fin rays, (14) pterygiophore of first dorsal spine, (15) pterygiophore of last dorsal spine, (16) pterygiophore of first dorsal ray, (17) pterygiophore of last dorsal ray, (18) pterygiophore of first anal spine, (19) pterygiophore of last anal ray, (20) articularion point of last vertebra with hypurals, (21) anterodorsal extent of hypurals
Fig. 6 in Species and shape diversification are inversely correlated among gobies and cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes)
Fig. 6 Results of evolutionary rate-shift analyses in AUTEUR. Inferred shifts in rates of shape change are shown optimized across the gobiiform phylogeny. The four trees represent rate-shift analyses for each major
Fig. 5 in Evolutionary body shape diversification of the endemic Cyprinoidei fishes from the Balkan's Dinaric karst
Fig. 5 Plots of the first two principal component (PCs) axes representing body shape variation and deformation grids of body shape differences of Aulopyge huegelii, Delminichthys ghetaldii, Phoxinellus alepidotus, Phoxinus karsticus, Phoxinus sp. 1 clade 2 sensu
Fig. 4 in Evolutionary body shape diversification of the endemic Cyprinoidei fishes from the Balkan's Dinaric karst
Fig. 4 Divergence time estimations based on cyt b mtDNA sequences of Aulopyge, Delminichthys, Phoxinellus, Phoxinus, Squalius and Telestes lineages. Mean values and the 95% credibility range (in brackets) are presented in a million years
Fig. 3 in Evolutionary body shape diversification of the endemic Cyprinoidei fishes from the Balkan's Dinaric karst
Fig. 3 TCS haplotype network based on cyt b mtDNA represents haplogroups (I–VI) and subgroups (a and b) corresponding to different genera/species. I, Aulopyge; II, Delminichthys; III, Phoxinellus; IV, Phoxinus (IVa: Ph. karsticus, IVb: Phoxinus sp. 1 clade 2 sensu
Fig. 1 in Evolutionary body shape diversification of the endemic Cyprinoidei fishes from the Balkan's Dinaric karst
Fig. 1 Map of sampling sites for Aulopyge huegelii, Delminichthys ghetaldii, Phoxinellus alepidotus, Phoxinus karsticus, Phoxinus sp. 1 clade 2 sensu Palandačić et al. (2017), Squalius svallize, Telestes dabar and T. metohiensis: (1) Šator Mountain (Šator Lake), (2) Duvanjsko Polje (Studena River), (3) Nevesinjsko Polje (Zalomka River), (4) Dabarsko Polje (a, Opačica River; b, Pribitul River; c, Suški Stream; d, Kanal; e, Vrijeka River), (5) Fatničko Polje (Fatničko Lake), (6) Cerničko Polje (Stepenski Stream), (7) Ljubomirsko Polje (Ljubomirski Stream)
FIG. 1 in Marine Habitat Transitions and Body-Shape Evolution in Lizardfishes and Their Allies (Aulopiformes)
FIG. 1. Illustrations of aulopiform biodiversity with associated habitats. (A) Aulopidae; (B) Synodontidae: Harpadontinae; (C) Synodontidae: Synodontinae; (D) Paraulopidae; (E) Chlorophthalmidae; (F) Ipnopidae; (G) Evermannellidae; (H) Lestidiidae; (I) Giganturidae; (J) Alepisauridae: AnotopteruS; (K) Alepisauridae: AlepiSauruS.
FIG. 4 in Marine Habitat Transitions and Body-Shape Evolution in Lizardfishes and Their Allies (Aulopiformes)
FIG. 4. Phylomorphospace visualization plot of principal component 1 and principal component 2 incorporating the phylogeny from Davis and Fielitz (2010). Circle positions represent the average location in morphospace for each genus.
Variation in prey availability over time shaped the extinction dynamics of sabertoothed cats
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Have human impacts exceeded climate in shaping mammalian distributions?
<p>This repository maintains the R scripts and data for the manuscript entitled "Have human impacts exceeded climate in shaping mammalian distributions?" first submitted to Science as a Research Article. The two R scripts were used for preparing species presences and background points (p1), training Maxent model of each of the 351 species (p2), and analyzing the model output (p2). The corresponding RData files have the same naming convention except the file extension.</p> <p>The zipped file (i.e. TestRun_NA_1990_2020.zip) contains four subfolders: bat_experiment, bg, occurrences, and output. The csv files in occurrences folder are the spatially thinned species occurrence data within their corresponding IUCN range maps (https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/spatial-data-download). The csv files in bg folder are the spatially thined background points for all modeled species randomly drawn from their corresponding IUCN range maps. Each subfolder named by species names in output folder contains all the model outputs of Maxent for each species.</p> <p> </p> <p>To note, the R script and data for analyzing the association between species's responses to human impact index and their biological traits will be uploaded in the 2nd version. </p> <p>The script 23_NA_all_species_1990_2020_buffered_IUCN_range_maps_p3_traits was used to investigate the association between the response of mammals to human impact index and species' biological traits. </p>
Dataset for "Global dominance of seasonality in shaping lake surface extent dynamics" (in review)
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The relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and functioning in a clinical sample of help-seeking youths: evidence for an inverted U-shape relationship with IQ
<p>Introduction</p> <p>This database includes the raw data linked with the paper “The relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and functioning in a clinical sample of help-seeking youths: evidence for an inverted U-shape relationship with IQ”.</p> <p>In this paper, we aimed to investigate the association between OCD and functioning (cognitive and socio-occupational) across different levels of OCD severity in a help-seeking adolescent population.</p> <p> </p> <p>Methods</p> <p>341 help-seeking youth with different psychopathologies underwent an in-depth clinical examination through the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States (CAARMS) and the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime – DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL). Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and socio-occupational functioning (SOFAS) were also assessed.</p> <p> </p> <p>Results (in brief)</p> <p>A negative curvilinear relationship was found between OCD severity and IQ and a negative linear relationship was observed between OCD severity and socio-occupational functioning. While the former remained significant after controlling for sociodemographic data and general symptoms, the latter did not. OCD symptoms appear to impact cognitive functioning according to their severity. That is, mild levels of OCD are associated with a higher IQ relative to no OCD or severe OCD and may therefore serve as a protective factor toward cognition.</p>
Sociality shapes the adaptive response of breeders to harsh thermal environments? An experiment in a burying beetle
<p><span>1. <span> </span>The rapid pace of environmental change seems to outstrip the evolutionary response rates of many species. Physiological, morphological, and behavioral plasticity alone may not suffice to cope with environments’ drastic changes, potentially hindering individuals’ ability to adapt. Therefore, it has been proposed that social flexibility may be a powerful mechanism for fast adaptation, but empirical evidence is lacking.</span></p> <p><span>2. <span> </span>We investigated the combined effects of social conditions and ambient temperature during the reproductive and developmental phases on parental care, reproduction and offspring fitness, in the burying beetles <em>Nicrophorus vespilloides</em>, which utilize carcasses for breeding and facultatively exhibit varied social forms of breeding and parental care.</span></p> <p><span>3. <span> </span>We conducted a mixed factorial design experiment, establishing four categories of social conditions during breeding (i.e., no-care, unifemale-care, biparenta-care, and multiple-care) alongside two thermal conditions (benign: 20°C and harsh: 23°C). Additionally, dispersed larvae produced from each of these breeding conditions were allocated to either 20°C or 23°C for pupation. Measures for reproductive success (e.g., brood size and mass), offspring performance (e.g., larval weight, body size and lifespan of newly-eclosed beetles), and larval developmental duration were collected, and the levels of individual and total parental care were investigated.</span></p> <p><span>4. <span> </span>Our results showed that (1) harsh temperature led to a significant reduction in reproduction and offspring fitness traits (brood size and mass, larval weight and size of newly-eclosed beetles), and the diminished fitness traits were found in no-care; (2) when comparing the harsh to benign thermal conditions, larval development was shortened in no-care, and lighter larvae and a shorter lifespan were observed in biparental care; (3) while harsh temperature led to a decrease in both individual and total parental care, whereas social conditions did not adjust the levels of care impacted by thermal temperature.</span></p> <p><span>5. <span> </span>Our findings shed light on the critical role of sociality in modulating the adaptive response of individuals to harsh thermal environments, one of the ecological problems exacerbated by ongoing global warming.</span></p>
FIGURE 1 in Genetic and shell-shape analyses of Orlitia borneensis (Testudines: Geoemydidae) reveal limited divergence among founders of the European zoo population
FIGURE 1. Ventral and dorsal view of a shell of Orlitia borneensis showing the landmarks used in this study.
Figure 3 in Geometric morphometrics of mandibular shape in the dwarf fat-tailed jerboa: relevancy for trinomial taxonomy
Figure 3. Relationship between centroid size (A) or regression scores (B) and longitude for dwarf fat-tailed jerboas (Pygeretmus pumilio). Symbols depict subspecies affiliation; for identities see Figure 1. Best-fit polynomial regression lines show longitudinal trends within the pumilio and the potanini subspecies groups. Coefficients of determination and P-values for regressions are given. The longitudinal belt where subspecies groups and morphological groups overlap is shaded.
Figure 4 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 4. Third lower molar (m3) shape variation along the first two principal components (PC) from the PCA of the Procrustes coordinates, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Deformation grids show the extreme shape of each PC.
Figure 7 in Geometric morphometric analysis of shell shape variation in Conus (Gastropoda: Conidae)
Figure 7. Plot of the results of the canonical variate analysis of scores on principal components 1–4 from landmark analysis.
FIGURE 2. Diderma aglomerospora D.I. Barbosa & L.H. Cavalcanti. Sporangium shapes A,B,C in Diderma aglomerospora (Didymiaceae, Physarales, Myxomycetes), a new species from Brazil
FIGURE 2. Diderma aglomerospora D.I. Barbosa & L.H. Cavalcanti. Sporangium shapes A,B,C(Bar=1mm), Capillitium D(Bar=5μm), E(Bar=10μm), Spores F(Bar=3μm), G(Bar=4μm), H(Bar=10μm), I(Bar=5μm).
Figure 1 in Size and shape interspecific divergence patterns partly reflect phylogeny in an Onthophagus species-complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 1. Landmark configurations chosen for geometric morphometric analyses of head (first row, nine landmarks) epipharynx (middle row, nine landmarks) and paramere (last row, five landmarks). Left column: Onthophagus fracticornis; central column: Onthophagus similis; right column: Onthophagus opacicollis. For easier visualization, landmark configurations are reported only on specimens of O. similis.
FIGURE3.Nannopus cylindricus sp. nov. (holotype ♀). A, anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal (cylindrical shape arrowed); B, anal somite and caudal rami, ventral (cylindrical shape arrowed); C, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral (cylindrical shape arrowed). in -On- two- new- species- of- Nannopus- Brady,- 1880- (Copepoda:- Harpacticoida Nannopodidae)-from-intertidal-mudflats-of-the-Korean-west-coast-(Yellow-Sea)
FIGURE3.Nannopus cylindricus sp. nov. (holotype ♀). A, anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal (cylindrical shape arrowed); B, anal somite and caudal rami, ventral (cylindrical shape arrowed); C, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral (cylindrical shape arrowed).
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.