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9,671 results for “Leaf”
FIGURES 192–197 in Documenting new and little known leaf-mining Nepticulidae from middle and southwestern areas of the Asian continent
FIGURES 192–197. Male genitalia of Ectoedemia ingloria Puplesis (= E. rosiphila Puplesis, syn. nov.). 192–194, holotype of E. rosiphila, capsule with phallus removed, slide no. AN466; 195–197, same, phallus (ZIN)
FIGURES 16–28 in Documenting new and little known leaf-mining Nepticulidae from middle and southwestern areas of the Asian continent
FIGURES 16–28. Leaf mines of new species of Nepticulidae. 16, 17, Stigmella longa Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.; 18–21, Acalyptris brunipexus Stonis, Diškus & Remeikis, sp. nov.; 22–25, A. nasutus Diškus & Navickaitė, sp. nov.; 26–28, Ectoedemia orbiculata Diškus, Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.
FIGURES 143–152 in Documenting new and little known leaf-mining Nepticulidae from middle and southwestern areas of the Asian continent
FIGURES 143–152. Male genitalia of Ectoedemia orbiculata Diškus, Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 143, paratype, slide no. RA271, capsule; 144, same, photographed freshly made in Euparal; 145, pseuduncus, paratype, slide no. RA271; 146, gnathos, paratype, slide no. RA271; 147, cornuti, holotype, slide no. AD489; 148, capsule, paratype, slide no. AG129; 149, apex of phal- lus, holotype, slide no. AD489; 150, same, paratype, slide no. AG129; 151, phallus, general view, holotype, slide no. AD489; 152, same, paratype, slide no. AG129 (ZIN)
FIGURES 167–173 in Documenting new and little known leaf-mining Nepticulidae from middle and southwestern areas of the Asian continent
FIGURES 167–173. Male genitalia of holotype of Ectoedemia insignata Puplesis, genitalia slide no. AD574 (ZIN). 167, pseuduncus; 168, gnathos; 169, valva, 170, 171, apex of phallus; 172, capsule with phallus removed; 173, phallus
FIGURES 130–136 in Documenting new and little known leaf-mining Nepticulidae from middle and southwestern areas of the Asian continent
FIGURES 130–136. Male genitalia of new Stigmella species. 130, 131, holotype of S. latilobata Diškus & Navickaitė, sp. nov., genitalia slide no. AD484, capsule with phallus inside; 132, same, phallus; 133, holotype of S. paniculata Diškus & Navickaitė, sp. nov., capsule with phallus inside; 134, same, uncus and gnathos; 135, same, cornuti; 136, same, valvae (ZIN).
Data from: Elevation and leaf litter interact in determining the structure of ant communities on a tropical mountain
<p class="Standard">Tropical mountains encompass a wide range of environmental conditions and are useful models for studying drivers of community structure. Invertebrate species richness and abundance show various elevational patterns. However, the drivers of these differences are not well understood, although microhabitat complexity is potentially important. We studied ground-dwelling ants using pitfall trapping and hand collection on Mt. Wilhelm (Papua New Guinea) from 169 to 3,795 m a.s.l. We tested for the effects of elevation and leaf litter depth (as a measure of microhabitat complexity) on ant abundance, species richness and composition. We sampled 118 species, with ants present up to 2,331 m a.s.l.<span> </span><span><span>Species</span></span><span> richness </span><span><span>peaked at mid-elevation (~700 m), but the elevational pattern for abundance varied depending on sampling scale</span></span><span>.</span> Leaf litter depth negatively affected abundance once elevation had been accounted for, while elevation and litter depth had an interactive effect on species richness. Species richness was positively related to litter depth at lower elevations, but negatively above ~700 m. Species composition varied with elevation and less strongly with leaf litter depth. We speculate that in the lowlands, litter depth rather than temperature limits ant communities. At high elevations, the deeper litter decreases temperature of the litter layer, and temperature becomes limiting. At mid elevations, temperature is not yet too low, and litter is still relatively deep, hence generating a mid-elevation peak in ant richness. Our results may explain differing richness-elevation patterns of litter arthropods around the world, and provide testable predictions for future studies on this topic.</p>
Are leaf, stem and hydraulic traits good predictors of individual tree growth? (FUN2FUN project)
<ol> <li>A major foundation of trait-based ecology is that traits have an impact on individual performance. However, trait-growth relationships have not been extensively tested in trees, especially outside tropical ecosystems. In addition, measuring traits directly related to physiological processes ('hard traits') remains difficult and the differences between inter- and intraspecific relationships are seldom explored.</li> <li> <span>Here, we use individual-level data on a set of hydraulic, leaf and stem traits to explore which traits are the best predictors of basal area increment (BAI) and growth efficiency (BAI per unit of tree leaf area, GE) among and within species for six dominant tree species along a water availability gradient under Mediterranean climate (Catalonia, NE Spain). Measured traits include: </span>leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf nitrogen concentration (N), leaf C isotopic composition (d<sup>13</sup>C), stem wood density (WD), branch-level estimates of the Huber value (Hv), the sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity (K<sub>S</sub>), the leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (K<sub>L</sub>) and resistance to xylem embolism (P<sub>50</sub>), and the leaf water potential at turgor loss (P<sub>tlp</sub>).</li> <li>Traits were better predictors of GE than BAI and significant relationships were largely driven by differences among species means. Contrary to our initial hypotheses, high values of both growth metrics<span> were associated with 'conservative' leaf and hydraulic traits. In particular, BAI was negatively associated with wood density and hydraulic efficiency per unit leaf area (</span>K<sub>L</sub><span>), while GE increased with LMA, allocation to sapwood relative to leaves (Hv) and resistance to xylem embolism </span>(P<sub>50</sub>)<span>. </span>Climate effects on BAI and GE were indirectly mediated by changes in traits, stand structure and tree size. Overall, these results suggest that maintaining functionality over extended periods of time may be more important that maximum gas exchange or hydraulic capacity to achieve high radial growth under Mediterranean climates.</li> <li>Our study reveals that the relationships between 'functional' traits and tree performance along environmental gradients are complex and do not necessarily conform to simple hypotheses based on our understanding of organ-level processes. Trait integration along common axes of variation together with a revaluation of the variables that better reflect whole-tree performance can greatly improve our understanding of trait-growth relationships.</li> </ol>
Rapid reversal of a potentially constraining genetic covariance between leaf and flower traits in Silene latifolia
Genetic covariance between two traits generates correlated responses to selection, and may either enhance or constrain adaptation. Silene latifolia exhibits potentially constraining genetic covariance between specific leaf area and flower number in males. Flower number is likely to increase via fecundity selection but the correlated increase in specific leaf area increases mortality, and specific leaf area is under selection to decrease in dry habitats. We selected on trait combinations in two selection lines for four generations to test whether genetic covariance could be reduced without significantly altering trait means. In one selection line, the genetic covariance changed sign and eigenstructure changed significantly, while in the other selection line eigenstructure remained similar to the control line. Changes in genetic variance-covariance structure are therefore possible without the introduction of new alleles, and the responses we observed suggest that founder effects and changes in frequency of alleles of major effect may be acting to produce the changes.
FIGURE 6 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 6. Individuals of Uroplatus fivehy sp. nov. from the type locality (Sorata) photographed in life. A, B and E, males (attribution to voucher number uncertain); C, D, G, females (attribution to voucher number uncertain); F, female paratype (ZSM 1722/2012) from Sorata; H, male holotype (ZSM 1721/2012) from Sorata showing shape and size of the tail.
FIGURE 8 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 8. Preserved holotypes of Uroplatus fangorn sp. nov. (ZSM 79/2005) and U. fivehy sp. nov. (ZSM 1721/2012).
FIGURE 5 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 5. Individuals of Uroplatus fangorn sp. nov. photographed in life. A, Male holotype (ZSM 79/2005) from Marojejy. B, C, D, male paratype (ZSM 644/2014) from Andrevorevo. E, F, G, female paratype (UADBA-R 70054 / DRV 6281), from Andrevorevo.
FIGURE 2 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 2. Haplotype networks of nuclear genes. Colors correspond to species; circles are scaled according to the number of samples per haplotype; inferred intermediate steps between haplotypes are represented by small black circles.
FIGURE 4 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 4. Morphological differentiation between Uroplatus fangorn sp. nov., U. fivehy sp. nov., and their closest relative, U. finiavana. The upper panel shows boxplots (median, quartiles, minimum/maximum and outliers) for selected meristic and morphometric variables and ratios; asterisks mark comparisons between U. fivehy and U. finiavana that were significant in Mann-Whitney U tests (* P <0.05; ** P <0.01). No statistical comparisons were performed for U. fangorn due to low sample size (N = 3). For original values of measurements, see Table 1. The lower panel shows intact (not regenerated) tails of individuals of the three species, illustrating differences in size and shape between species and sexes (all tails from males except where indicated as females).
FIGURE 1 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 1. Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree of the Uroplatus ebenaui group based on a 2686 bp alignment of five concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear gene fragments (ND4, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COX1, CMOS). Posterior probability values are shown on the nodes (omitted for most shallow nodes). Uroplatus alluaudi was used as the outgroup (not shown).
FIGURE 7 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 7. Individuals of Uroplatus fivehy sp. nov. photographed in life. A, male paratype ZSM 634/2009 from Angozongahy Campsite, Makira. B, additional individual from Angozongahy (attribution to voucher number uncertain). C, D, female from Angozongahy (attribution to voucher number uncertain). E, male from Marotandrano (attribution to voucher number uncertain); note unpigmented oral mucosa in F.
FIGURE 3 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 3. Map of northern Madagascar showing reliable locality records of Uroplatus fangorn sp. nov., U. fivehy sp. nov., and their closest relative, U. finiavana. Colors in map show remaining primary vegetation following the Madagascar Vegetation Mapping Project carried out from 2003–2006 (Moat & Smith 2007); green is humid forest (rainforest), reddish tones are deciduous forest and spiny forest-thicket.
FIGURE 3 in A new limestone-dwelling leaf-toed gecko (Gekkonidae: Dixonius) from coastal hills in Cha-am, peninsular Thailand
FIGURE 3. Live adult female (above) and male Dixonius pawangkhananti sp. nov. in Wat Nikhom Wachiraram, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. Individuals not collected. Photo. by M. Sumontha.
FIGURE 7 in A new limestone-dwelling leaf-toed gecko (Gekkonidae: Dixonius) from coastal hills in Cha-am, peninsular Thailand
FIGURE 7. Biotope where Dixonius pawangkhananti sp. nov. lives in Khao Nang Phanthurat Forest Park, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. Photo. by P. Pawangkhanant.
FIGURE 5. A in A new limestone-dwelling leaf-toed gecko (Gekkonidae: Dixonius) from coastal hills in Cha-am, peninsular Thailand
FIGURE 5. A. Live juvenile Dixonius pawangkhananti sp. nov. in Wat Nikhom Wachiraram, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. Individual not collected. B. Live hatchling Dixonius pawangkhananti sp. nov. from one of the two eggs laid by a female caught in Wat Nikhom Wachiraram, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. Individual not preserved. Photos. by M. Sumontha.
FIGURE 6 in A new limestone-dwelling leaf-toed gecko (Gekkonidae: Dixonius) from coastal hills in Cha-am, peninsular Thailand
FIGURE 6. Map of Thailand showing the position of the type locality of Dixonius pawangkhananti sp. nov. Map by N. Chomngam.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.