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Figure 3 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics

Figure 3. ML-based phylogenetic reconstruction of the mt-contig alignment incorporating the full cox3-cox1 plus the Gblocks-edited igrW and igrN. AIC within jModelTest selected the TVM + I + G model of nucleotide substitution (pinvar: 0.4210, gamma: 0.8800). ML parameters, outgroup selection, and character usage are the same as in Figure 2. ∧ Includes Tanacetipathes barbadensis USNM 1116465, T. tanacetum SED804-7, Plumapathes pennacea USNM 1086297, and P. pennacea USNM 1086302*. ∧∧ Includes Antipathes curvata USNM 1015453, A. cf. virgata USNM 99750, and Cirrhipathes sp. P4-226-9. ∧∧∧ Includes Stichopathes cf. occidentalis TMKO-132* and TMNI0707-22*.

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Figure 2 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics

Figure 2. ML-based phylogenetic reconstruction of the mt-contig alignment, rooted to the Leiopathidae (an ingroup). Numbers at nodes are bootstrap support values based on 1000 replicates. AIC within jModelTest selected the TVM + I + G model of nucleotide substitution [proportion of invariable sites (pinvar): 0.3940; gamma distribution parameter: 1.0000]. Tip labels indicate the specimen used in the alignment. Several specimens shared identical haplotypes or had haplotypes that were rendered identical following manipulations of the sequence alignment (see text); only one representative of these haplotypes was included in the analysis but the taxa affected are highlighted as follows: identical nominal taxa are separated by a forward slash, and an asterisk indicates unique haplotypes rendered identical following sequence manipulations. For the indistinguishable trigeneric complex, the taxon used in the phylogeny is listed in curly brackets. ∧ Includes Tanacetipathes barbadensis USNM 1116465, T. tanacetum SED804-7, Plumapathes pennacea USNM 1086297, and P. pennacea USNM 1086302*. ∧∧ Includes Antipathes curvata USNM 1015453, A. cf. virgata USNM 99750, and Cirrhipathes sp. P4-226-9. ∧∧∧ Includes Stichopathes cf. occidentalis TMKO-132* and TMNI0707-22*.

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Figure 1 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics

Figure 1. Interspecific genetic distances (based on the K2P) within families (or select clades – see text) for the three mitochondrial gene regions. The highest genetic distance estimate obtained was for the Aphanipathidae + A.t. and E.a. using igrN (26.06%). The IGR (intergenic region) separating cox3 and cox1 (i.e. igrC) was removed prior to analysis. Alignments include indels. A.v., Aphanipathes verticillata; A.t., Acanthopathes thyoides; E.a., Elatopathes abietina. See Table 3 for details on which taxa were included/excluded in the distance estimates for each family.

FIGURE 3 in Faunistic relations between the ranges of the Eastern Arc mountains: relocation of Peronura hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), the description of the male and implications from its phylogeographical pattern

FIGURE 3. Abdominal apices of male Peronura species. A. P. clavigera. B. P. uguenoensis. C. P. hildebrandtiana.

FIGURE 2 in Faunistic relations between the ranges of the Eastern Arc mountains: relocation of Peronura hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), the description of the male and implications from its phylogeographical pattern

FIGURE 2. Abdominal apices of Peronura hildebrandtiana female (A) and P. uguenoensis (B); small tubercles produced by tenth abdominal tergite (arrow). Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIGURE 1. Peronura species. A, D. P in Faunistic relations between the ranges of the Eastern Arc mountains: relocation of Peronura hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), the description of the male and implications from its phylogeographical pattern

FIGURE 1. Peronura species. A, D. P. clavigera, male (A), Tanzania, West Kilimanjaro, Savanna grassland at 1300 m and female (D), Kenya, Karen, lower Ngong Hills at 1800 m. B, E. P. uguenoensis, male (B), North Pare mountains, Kiverenge Hill, submontane grassland 1400 m and female (E), same locality as male. C, F. P. hildebrandtiana, male (C), Kenya, Taita Hills, Ngangao forest reserve, forest edge, 1900 and female (F), same locality as male.

FIGURE 5 in Faunistic relations between the ranges of the Eastern Arc mountains: relocation of Peronura hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), the description of the male and implications from its phylogeographical pattern

FIGURE 5. Map of East Africa in the area of the northern branch of the Eastern Arc mountains with distribution of Peronura hildebrandtiana and P. uguenoensis. Map modified from: Karte des Forschungsgebietes der Graf Samuel Telekischen Expedition in Ost-Afrika 1887–88.

FIGURES 115–120 in Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification 2773

FIGURES 115–120. Forsteropsalis marplesi (Forster 1944). 115. Body of male, dorsal view (OMNZ, Leith Valley, 1984). 116. Right male chelicera, retrolateral view (OMNZ, Leith Valley, 1984). 117. Left male cheliceral fingers, dorsal view (OMNZ, Leith Valley, 1984). 118. Glans, ventral view (OMNZ, Leith Saddle, August 1967). 119. Glans, lateral view (OMNZ, Leith Saddle, August 1967). 120. Seminal receptacles (OMNZ, Leith Saddle, 8 April 1967). Scale bars for figs 115, 117 = 1 mm; fig. 116 = 2 mm; figs 118–120 = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 128–130 in Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification 2773

FIGURES 128–130. Forsteropsalis wattsi (Hogg 1920), male holotype. 128. Prosoma, dorsal view. 129. Right chelicera, lateral view. 130. Left pedipalp, lateral view. Scale bars for figs 128, 130 = 1 mm; fig. 129 = 2 mm.

FIGURES 111–114 in Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification 2773

FIGURES 111–114. Forsteropsalis inconstans (Forster 1944), male. 111. Body, dorsal view (QM S74252). 112. Left cheliceral fingers, dorsal view (MONZ, Akatarawa, 1945). 113. Glans, ventral view (MONZ, Karori Hills). 114. Glans, lateral view (MONZ, Karori Hills). Scale bars for figs 111–112 = 1 mm; figs 113–114 = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 124–127 in Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification 2773

FIGURES 124–127. Forsteropsalis tumida (Forster 1944), male holotype. 124. Body, dorsal view. 125. Left chelicera, retrolateral view. 126. Left cheliceral fingers, dorsal view. 127. Left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar for fig. 124 = 1 mm; figs 125–127 = 2 mm.

FIGURES 121–123 in Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification 2773

FIGURES 121–123. Forsteropsalis nigra (Forster 1944), male holotype. 121. Prosoma, dorsal view. 122. Left cheliceral fingers, dorsal view. 123. Right pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar for fig. 121 = 1 mm; figs 122–123 = 0.5 mm.

Figure 2 in Hidden diversity in bent-winged bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) of the Western Palaearctic and adjacent regions: implications for taxonomy

Figure 2. Maximum likelihood tree demonstrating phylogeny of Miniopterus as inferred from mitochondrial ND2 (based on different haplotypes only). Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap support or posterior probability values for maximum likelihood (ML), bayesian approach (BA), and neighbour joining (NJ) analyses. An asterisk (*) indicates full support (100 or 1.00) for a particular clade and analysis, 100* indicates full support in all analyses, – = clade not inferred in the respective analysis, // = branch length shortening in respect to outgroup. Capital letters and letters in circles represent respective clade/lineages/sublineage, as discussed in the text. Vertical bars indicate Western Palaearctic species that are the subject of this study (M. fuliginosus is represented only by sequences originating outside the Western Palaearctic retrieved from GenBank). Haplotype codes are identical to those listed in Table 1. Colours correspond to those in Figures 1B and 3.

Figure 4. A, B in Hidden diversity in bent-winged bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) of the Western Palaearctic and adjacent regions: implications for taxonomy

Figure 4. A, B. Results of discriminant function analysis based on linear morphometric data of skull dimensions – first two canonical axes. Polygons follow marginal points of particular groups, with coloured dots as centroids. A – all specimens; B – separate analysis excluding individuals from marginal areas (i.e. Eastern Afghanistan, Arabia and Ethiopia). C. Results of discriminant function analysis based on relative warp scores obtained from geometric morphometric analysis of 11 landmarks on the ventral view of the skull – first two canonical axes. Polygons and coloured dots are as in Figure 4A. D. Polygon plot of the first and second axes from factor analysis of all non-metric traits. Polygons and coloured dots are as in Figure 4A.

Figure 3 in Hidden diversity in bent-winged bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) of the Western Palaearctic and adjacent regions: implications for taxonomy

Figure 3. Graphic illustration of relationships between ND2 haplotypes of M. schreibersii s.str. (green, light blue, purple) and M. pallidus (dark blue), as inferred through the maximum parsimony network approach. Size of circles corresponds to the number of samples within a particular haplotype (1, 2, 4 or 7 samples). Small dots between haplotypes indicate hypothetical haplotypes (or number of substitutions between them). Geographic abbreviations: MO – Morocco, Agadir (coast); MA – Morocco, Atlas Mts.; ES – Spain; SI – Sicily (Italy); SK – Slovakia; RO – Romania; BG – Bulgaria; CR – Crete (Greece); CY – Cyprus; NT – northern Turkey; ST – southern Turkey; GE – Georgia; AZ – Azerbaijan; LB – Lebanon; SY – Syria; JO – Jordan; IR – Iran. Colours correspond to those in Figures 1B and 2. Haplotype codes are identical to those listed in Table 1.

Figure 1. A in Hidden diversity in bent-winged bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) of the Western Palaearctic and adjacent regions: implications for taxonomy

Figure 1. A. Map showing the origin of specimens investigated in this study and their sorting to nine groups defined for morphometric analysis. (1) Morocco = purple, (2) Western Europe = bluish green, (3) Pannonia = red, (4) Balkans = violet, (5) Crete = brown, (6) Levant = light blue, (7) Middle East = light green, (8) Eastern Afghanistan (Jalalabad) = dark blue, (9) Yemen and Ethiopia = yellow. Colours correspond to those in Figures 4A–4D, S4 and S5. Circles with any colour except white = samples used for morphometric analysis, white circles = samples used for molecular analysis, two-coloured circles = samples using both methods; grey shading delimits the distribution of Miniopterus spp.; black cross = type locality of M. schreibersii, white cross = type locality of M. pallidus. B. Geographic representation of the Western Palaearctic and Yemeni-Ethiopian lineages/sublineages, and approximate distribution of the respective species. Species and type localities (t.l.) are represented by different symbols (circles = M. schreibersii s.str.; squares = M. pallidus; triangles = M. cf. arenarius; diamond = M. cf. fuliginosus; black cross = t.l. of M. schreibersii; white cross = t.l. of M. pallidus). Coloured symbols indicate genetic, or both genetic and morphological, approaches used; white symbols represent morphological approach only used (colours of symbols correspond to different species/lineage/sublineage as indicated in Fig. 2 and to haplotypes presented in the haplotype network in Fig. 3). Coloured shading delimits the approximate distribution of species occurring in the Western Palaearctic and adjacent regions: grey = M. schreibersii s.str.; blue = M. pallidus; yellow = M. cf. arenarius; brown = M. cf. fuliginosus.

FIGURES 102–110 in Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification 2773

FIGURES 102–110. Forsteropsalis grimmetti (Forster 1944) (all MONZ AS.00092). 102. Body of male, dorsal view. 103. Body of female, dorsal view. 104. Left male chelicera, retrolateral view. 105. Right male cheliceral fingers, dorsal view. 106. Left male pedipalp, prolateral view. 107. Left female pedipalp, dorsal view of patella and tibia. 108. Glans, ventral view. 109. Glans, lateral view. 110. Seminal receptacles. Scale bars for figs 102–104, 106–107 = 1 mm; fig. 105 = 0.5 mm; figs 108–110 = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 99–101 in Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification 2773

FIGURES 99–101. Forsteropsalis fabulosa (Phillipps & Grimmett 1932), male (all MONZ, Rimutaka Hill). 99. Penis, ventral view (tip of stylus lost). 100. Glans, ventral view. 101. Glans, lateral view. Scale bar for fig. 99 = 0.5 mm; figs 100–101 = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 92–98 in Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification 2773

FIGURES 92–98. Forsteropsalis chiltoni (Hogg 1910), male (all MONZ, Whale Passage). 92. Body, dorsal view. 93. Left chelicera, lateral view. 94. Left cheliceral fingers, dorsal view. 95. Left pedipalp, retrolateral view. 96. Patella and tibia of right pedipalp, dorsal view. 97. Glans, ventral view. 98. Glans, lateral view. Scale bars for figs 92, 94–96 = 1 mm; fig. 93 = 2 mm; figs 97–98 = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 65–73 in Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification 2773

FIGURES 65–73. Megalopsalis hoggi (Pocock 1903a), male (all WAM T72936). 65. Body, dorsal view. 66. Body, lateral view. 67. Left cheliceral fingers, dorsal view. 68. Right pedipalp, prolateral view. 69. Patella and tibia of right pedipalp, dorsal view. 70. Left leg I, prolateral view. 71. Penis, ventral view. 72. Glans, ventral view. 73. Glans, lateral view. Scale bars for figs 65–66, 68, 70 = 1 mm; figs 67, 69, 71 = 0.5 mm; figs 72–73 = 0.1 mm.