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15,277 results for “GENETICS”
The population genetics of non-migratory Allen's Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin sedentarius) following a recent mainland colonization
<p>Allen's Hummingbird comprises two subspecies, one migratory (<i>Selasphorus sasin sasin</i>) and one non-migratory (<i>S. s. sedentarius</i>). The non-migratory subspecies, previously endemic to the California Channel Islands, apparently colonized the California mainland on the Palos Verdes Peninsula some time before 1970, and now breeds throughout coastal southern California. We sequenced and compared populations of mainland non-migratory Allen's Hummingbird to Channel Island populations from Santa Catalina, San Clemente, and Santa Cruz Island. We found no evidence of founder effects on the mainland population. Values of nucleotide diversity on the Channel Islands were lower than those on the mainland. There were low levels of divergence between the Channel Islands and the mainland, although Santa Cruz Island was the most genetically distinct. Ecological niche models showed that rainfall and temperature variables on the Channel Islands are similar in the Los Angeles basin, and predicted continued expansion of non-migratory Allen's Hummingbird north along the coast and inland. We also reviewed previous genetic studies of vertebrate species found on the Channel Islands and mainland, and showed that broad conclusions regarding island-mainland patterns remain elusive. Challenges include the idiosyncratic nature of colonization itself as well as the lack of a comprehensive approach that incorporates similar markers and sampling strategies across taxa, which, within the context of a comparative study of island-mainland relationships, may lead to inconsistent results.</p>
Linking genetic, morphological, and behavioural divergence between inland island and mainland deer mice
<p>The island syndrome hypothesis (ISH) stipulates that, as a result of local selection pressures and restricted gene flow, individuals from island populations should differ from individuals within mainland populations. Specifically, island populations are predicted to contain individuals that are larger, less aggressive, more sociable, and that invest more in their offspring. To date, tests of the ISH have mainly compared oceanic islands to continental sites, and rarely smaller spatial scales such as inland watersheds. Here, using a novel set of genome-wide SNP markers in wild deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) we conducted a genomic assessment of predictions underlying the ISH in an inland riverine island system: analysing island-mainland population structure, and quantifying heritability of phenotypes thought to underlie the ISH. We found clear genomic differentiation between island and mainland populations and moderate to high marker-based heritability estimates fo r overall variation in traits previously found to differ in line with the ISH between mainland and island locations. FST outlier analyses highlighted 12 loci associated with differentiation between mainland and island populations. Together these results suggest that the island populations examined are on independent evolutionary trajectories, the traits considered have a genetic basis (rather than phenotypic variation being solely due to phenotypic plasticity). Coupled with the previous results showing significant phenotypic differentiation between island and mainland groups in this system, this study suggests that the ISH can hold even on a small spatial scale.</p>
Figure 11 in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 11. Beroe mitrata: A, general view; B, aboral pole; C, stomodaeum and mouth (photo N. Killi from Killi, Abyzova, Shiganova, 2019).
Figure 9. Beroe forskalii. A in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 9. Beroe forskalii. A, general view of adult ctenophore; B, lateral view; C, juvenile individual; D, aboral pole with a row of long, branched papillae (A, B, D: photos by Tihomir Makovec from Shiganova & Malej, 2009; C: photo by F. Lombard).
Figure 6. Beroe cucumis. A in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 6. Beroe cucumis. A, aboral end (photo A. Semenov); B, oral view with mouth; C, adult ctenophore from the White Sea (photo A. Semenov); D, adult ctenophore from the Great Belt (photo H. U. Riisgård from Shiganova et al., 2014b).
Figure 5. Beroe pseudocucumis. A in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 5. Beroe pseudocucumis. A, general view of adult ctenophore with meridional and paragastal canals; B, lateral view; C, view of meridional and paragastal canals and dense diverticulae, which does not anastomose with each other; D, axial funnel tube and aboral pole with a row of long branched aboral papillae (photographs by T. Makovec and T. Shiganova, from Shiganova & Malej, 2009).
Figure 2 in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 2. Illustrations by the premier describers of genus Beroe. A, Browne (1756); B, Bosc (1802); C, Chamisso & Eysenhardt (1821).
Figure 1. A in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 1. A, Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the genus Beroe inferred from a fragment of ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 gene. Values at nodes represent Bayesian posterior probability support. Scale bar is substitutions per site in; B, neighbour-joining tree based on an ITS dataset, calculated with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Values above nodes – bootstrap-support values. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site; C, maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree. Values above nodes – ML bootstrap. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.
Figure 3. Beroe ovata from the Black Sea. A in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 3. Beroe ovata from the Black Sea. A, general view: PC – paragastal canal; STC –subtetacular meridional canal; SC – subsugital canal; a – anastomoses; d – diverticular. B, oral view of the body: M – mouth; MA – macrocilia. C, aboral part of body: A – aboral pole; I – infundibulum. D, part of body with canals: a – anastamoses, d – diverticular (photos by T. Shiganova).
Data from: Travel with your kin ship! Insights from genetic sibship among settlers of a coral damselfish
<p>Coral reef fish larvae are tiny, exceedingly numerous, and hard to track. They are also highly capable, equipped with swimming and sensory abilities that may influence their dispersal trajectories. Despite the importance of larval input to the dynamics of a population, we remain reliant on indirect insights to the processes influencing larval behavior and transport. Here, we used genetic data (300 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms) derived from a light trap sample of a single recruitment event of Dascyllus abudafur in the Red Sea (N = 168 settlers). We analyzed the genetic composition of the larvae and assessed whether kinship among these was significantly different from random as evidence for cohesive dispersal during the larval phase. We used Monte Carlo simulations of similar‐sized recruitment cohorts to compare the expected kinship composition relative to our empirical data. The high number of siblings within the empirical cohort strongly suggests cohesive dispersal among larvae. This work highlights the utility of kinship analysis as a means of inferring dynamics during the pelagic larval phase.</p>
Competition alters species' plastic and genetic response to environmental change
<p>Species react to environmental change via plastic and evolutionary responses. While both of them determine species' survival, most studies quantify these responses only individually. As species occur in communities, competing species may further influence their respective response to environmental change. Yet, how environmental change and competing species combined shape plastic and genetic responses to environmental change remains unclear. Quantifying how species interactions such as competition alter plastic and genetic responses of species to environmental change requires integrating approaches from trait-based, community and evolutionary ecology. We exposed unicellular aquatic organisms to long-term selection of increasing salinity—representing a common and relevant environmental change. Then, we assessed plastic and genetic contributions to phenotypic change in biomass, cell shape, and dispersal ability along increasing levels of salinity in the presence and absence of competition. Species differed in their response to salinity and to competition. The observed trait changes during selection were mainly due to mean trait evolution, and differed whether species evolved in the presence or absence of competition. Moreover, our results show that species' evolutionary and plastic responses to environmental change depended both on the presence of competing species and the magnitude of the environmental change, ultimately determining species persistence. Our results suggest that understanding plastic and genetic responses to environmental change within a community will improve predictions of species' persistence to environmental change.</p>
Figure 27. Dorsal habitus, females. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 27. Dorsal habitus, females. A, vertex Pseudoanthidium kaspareki (Between Kula and Usak, Turkey); B, vertex P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan); C, mesonotum P. kaspareki (Between Kula and Usak, Turkey); D, mesonotum P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan); E, metasoma P. kaspareki (Between Kula and Usak, Turkey); F, metasoma P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan).
Figure 23. Gonostyli. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 23. Gonostyli. A, Pseudoanthidium palestinicum (Nahal Keziv, Israel); B, P. cribratum (Karatau, Kazakhstan); C, P. canariense (Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands); D, P. tropicum (Bandar Abbas, Iran); E, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); F, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan).
Figure 22 in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 22. Distribution of A, Pseudoanthidium palestinicum; B, P. cribratum; C, P. canariense; D, P. tropicum.
Figure 19. Lectotype Pseudoanthidium tenellum. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 19. Lectotype Pseudoanthidium tenellum. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, T1–T3; D, labels.
Figure 17. Dorsal habitus, females. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 17. Dorsal habitus, females. A, vertex Pseudoanthidium stigmaticorne (Arzens, France); B, vertex P. cribratum (Bukhara, Uzbekistan); C, mesonotum P. stigmaticorne (Arzens, France); D, mesonotum P. cribratum (Bukhara, Uzbekistan); E, metasoma P. stigmaticorne (Arzens, France); F, metasoma P. cribratum (Bukhara, Uzbekistan).
Figure 13. S2, males. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 13. S2, males. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Dordogne, France); B, P. scapulare (Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C, P. stigmaticorne (Cabanes de Fleury, France); D, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E, P. palestinicum (Jerusalem, Israel); F, P. cribratum (Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); H, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan).
Figure 11. Sternal combs. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 11. Sternal combs. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Dordogne, France); B, P. scapulare (Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C, P. stigmaticorne (Cabanes de Fleury, France); D, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E, P. palestinicum (Jerusalem, Israel); F, P. cribratum (Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); H, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan).
Figure 12. S3, males. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 12. S3, males. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Dordogne, France); B, P. scapulare (Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C, P. stigmaticorne (Cabanes de Fleury, France); D, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E, P. palestinicum (Jerusalem, Israel); F, P. cribratum (Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); H, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan).
Figure 10. Gonostyli. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 10. Gonostyli. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Thüringen, Germany); B, P. scapulare (Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone, France); C, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.