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opencc-by-4.0Feb 2014View details →

Figure 2 in Observations on age and reproduction of the oceanic squid Ancistrocheirus lesueurii (d'Orbigny, 1842) (Cephalopoda: Ancistrocheiridae)

Figure 2. Ancistrocheirus lesueurii. (A) Ventral view of the hectocotylus of a mature intersexual male (SAM-S2174, ML 212 mm). A photophore is indicated by the black arrow; (B) the cement body of a spermatophore (from male # 10 in Hoving et al. 2006) with the spermatophore's outer tunic removed.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2014View details →

Figure 1 in Observations on age and reproduction of the oceanic squid Ancistrocheirus lesueurii (d'Orbigny, 1842) (Cephalopoda: Ancistrocheiridae)

Figure 1. Ancistrocheirus lesueurii. (A) Ventral view of a large female specimen (540 mm ML); (B) dorsal view of the outer collar (oc) and nuchal cartilage (nc) with the anterior mantle and the mantle component of the nuchal cartilage folded backwards; the specimen is oriented with its anterior region towards the bottom of the photograph; (C) lateral view of the left specialized area for spermatangia deposition with sperm and spermatangia indicated by the black arrow (outer collar cut and folded laterally). The inner collar (ic), nuchal cartilage (nc) and mantle component of the nuchal cartilage (mnc) are also indicated.

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Data from: Deleterious mutations show increasing negative effects with age in Drosophila melanogaster

Background In order for ageing to evolve in response to a declining strength of selection with age, a genetic architecture that allows for mutations with age-specific effects on organismal performance is required. Our understanding of how selective effects of individual mutations are distributed across ages is however poor. Established evolutionary theories assume that mutations causing ageing have negative late-life effects, coupled to either positive or neutral effects early in life. New theory now suggests evolution of ageing may also result from deleterious mutations with increasing negative effects with age, a possibility that has not yet been empirically explored. Results To directly test how the effects of deleterious mutations are distributed across ages, we separately measure age-specific effects on fecundity for each of 20 mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. We find that deleterious mutations in general have a negative effect that increases with age, and that the rate of increase depends on how deleterious a mutation is early in life. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ageing does not exclusively depend on genetic variants assumed by the established evolutionary theories of ageing. Instead, ageing can result from deleterious mutations with negative effects that amplify with age. If increasing negative effect with age is a general property of deleterious mutations, the proportion of mutations with the capacity to contribute towards ageing may be considerably larger than previously believed.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

COVID-19 Mortality Risk Assessment Among Various Age Groups Using Phylogenetic Analysis

The datasets used for the analysis titled Phylogenomic analysis of all available COVID-19 genomes and its influence on mortality

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

Supplementary data and bibliography to "The distribution of querns and millstones of Mayen lava in the Early Middle Ages (c. 500 to 1050 A.D.)"

Supplementary data and bibliography to “The distribution of querns and millstones of Mayen lava in the Early Middle Ages (c. 500 to 1050 A.D.)”; list of findspots for the following maps: fig. 1. Findspots of basalt-like lava (tephrite) dating from c. 30 BC to 275 AD. fig. 2 Findspots of basalt-like lava (tephrite) dating from c. 275 AD to 500 AD. fig. 3 Findspots of basalt-like lava (tephrite) dating from c. 500 AD to 750 AD. fig. 5 Findspots of basalt-like lava (tephrite) dating from c. 750 AD to 1050 AD.

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

An experimental test to separate the effects of male age and mating history on female mate choice

Should females prefer older males as mates? Male survival to old age might indicate the presence of fitness-enhancing genes that increase offspring fitness. However, many correlational studies show that mating with older males can lower female fecundity, and even reduce offspring fitness due to epigenetic or germline mutation effects. One problem in quantifying female choice based on male age is that age is usually confounded with mating history. This begs a question: Do females choose males based on their age, or their mating history? The answer requires an experimental approach, but few such studies exist. Here we test if experimentally-induced variation in the mating history of old and young males (12 week difference in post-maturity age) affects female choice in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). To vary mating history, adult males were either allowed to freely mate with females for three weeks, or they only had visual contact with females. Immediately thereafter, we ran four-choice mating trials, using association time, to test the effects of male age and mating history (2x2 design) on male attractiveness. Females did not show a clear preference for males based on either characteristic. This was not due to a lack of female choice: females spent significantly more time with larger males. In addition, female choice was significantly repeatable across four trials: twice as a virgin, twice as a non-virgin. Finally, female mating status (virgin or non-virgin) did not affect her choice of mate, although virgin females spent significantly more time associating with test males.

Becoming creatures of habit: among- and within-individual variation in nesting behavior shifts with age

The quantification of repeatability has enabled behavioral and evolutionary ecologists to assess the heritable potential of traits. For behavioral traits that vary across life, age-related variation should be accounted for to prevent biasing the microevolutionary estimate of interest. Moreover, to gain a mechanistic understanding of ontogenetic variation in behavior, among- and within-individual variance should be quantified across life. We leveraged a 30-year study of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) to assess how age contributes to variation in the repeatability of nesting behaviors. We found that four components of nesting behavior were repeatable, and that accounting for age increased the repeatability estimate for maternal choice of canopy cover over nests. We detected canalization (diminished within-individual variance with age) of canopy cover choice in a reduced dataset despite no shift in repeatability. Additionally, random regression analysis revealed that females became more divergent from each other in their choice of canopy cover with age. Thus, properly modeling age-related variance should more precisely estimate heritable potential, and assessing among- and within-individual variance components in addition to repeatability will offer a more mechanistic understanding of behavioral variation across age.

opencc-by-nd-1.0Sep 2020View details →

Unilateral Retinoblastoma; natural history and an age-based protocol in 248 patients - A Supplementary

An analysis of Unilateral Retinoblastoma Patients from the Registry of Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt between 2007 and 2015.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

CpG methylation beta values and sample age for the advanced forensic biology lesson

This dataset should be used for the practical of the "Advanced Forensic Biology" lesson. It has been slightly modified from the initial source (see below). It consists of two parts: 1) CpG methylation beta values:  tabulated separated methylation beta values in a file called <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9ba3592f-ebe3-442f-9dc6-8b9b29fb170d/cpg_methylation_beta_values.tsv?versionId=5c6942cf-cbfe-4249-a3d9-e2b8b475aa88">cpg_methylation_beta_values.tsv</a>. 2) Samples to chronological age : the relationship between sample identifiers and their chronological age in a tabulated separated file called <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9ba3592f-ebe3-442f-9dc6-8b9b29fb170d/cpg_methylation_sample_age.tsv?versionId=49252b02-9066-4acc-baff-d892320acafc">cpg_methylation_sample_age.tsv</a>. 3) CpG identifier to gene symbol and annotation: a tabulated separated file containing the relationship between CpG island identifier, the corresponding gene and its functional annotation.   <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9ba3592f-ebe3-442f-9dc6-8b9b29fb170d/cpg_methylation_cpg_to_annotation.tsv">cpg_methylation_cpg_to_annotation.tsv </a>     Dataset provenance: <ul> <li>Bocklandt S, Lin W, Sehl ME, Sánchez FJ, Sinsheimer JS, Horvath S, Vilain E. Epigenetic predictor of age. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e14821. doi: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21731603/">10.1371/journal.pone.0014821.</a> Epub 2011 Jun 22. PMID: 21731603; PMCID: PMC3120753.</li> <li>GEO link: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE28746">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE28746</a></li> </ul>

Code and data from: A mobile sex-determining region, male-specific haplotypes, and rearing environment influence age at maturity in Chinook salmon.

Variation in age at maturity is an important contributor to life history and demographic variation within and among species. The optimal age at maturity can vary by sex, and the ability of each sex to evolve towards its fitness optimum depends on the genetic architecture of maturation. Using GWAS of RAD sequencing data, we show that age at maturity in Chinook salmon exhibits sex-specific genetic architecture, with age at maturity in males governed by large (up to 20Mb) male-specific haplotypes. These regions showed no such effect in females. We also provide evidence for translocation of the sex-determining gene between two different chromosomes. This has important implications for sexually antagonistic selection, particularly that sex-linkage of adaptive genes may differ within and among populations based on chromosomal location of the sex-determining gene. Our findings will facilitate research into the genetic causes of shifting demography in Chinook salmon as well as a better understanding of sex-determination in this species and Pacific salmon in general.

Data from: Interactive effects of social environment, age and sex on immune responses in Drosophila melanogaster

Social environments have been shown to have multiple effects on individual immune responses. For example, increased social contact might signal greater infection risk and prompt a prophylactic upregulation of immunity. This differential investment of resources may in part explain why social environments affect ageing and lifespan. Our previous work using Drosophila melanogaster showed that single-sex social contact reduced lifespan for both sexes. Here, we assess how social interactions (isolation or contact) affect susceptibility to infection, phagocytotic activity and expression of a subset of immune and stress related genes in young and old flies of both sexes. Social contact had a neutral, or even improved, effect on post-infection lifespan in older flies and reduced the expression of stress response genes in females, however it reduced phagocytotic activity. Together, these findings indicate that social contact in D. melanogaster does not have a predictable impact on immune responses and does not simply trade-off immune investment with lifespan.

Age specific reproduction in female pied flycatcher: evidence for asynchronous aging

Age-related variation in demographic performance is central for the understanding of population dynamics and evolutionary processes. Our understanding of age-trajectories in vital rates has long been limited by the lack of distinction between patterns occurring at the population and the individual levels, and by the lack of comparative studies of age trajectories among traits. Thus, we poorly know how sets of demographic traits change within individuals according to the age. Based on a 40 years monitoring, we investigated age-related variation in five reproductive traits in females pied flycatcher. We disentangled within from between individual processes and assessed the relative contribution of within-individual age-related changes and selective appearance and disappearance. Finally, we compared the aging pattern among these five reproductive traits. We found strong evidence for age-specific performance including both early-life improvement and late-life decline in four of the five reproductive traits. Furthermore, the aging patterns varied substantially according to reproductive trait both for the age of peak performance and for the rates of early-life improvement and late life decline. The results show that age-trajectories observed at population level may substantially differ from those occurring at the individual level and illustrate the complexity of variation in ageing patterns across traits.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Towards big religious data, RESILIENCE Research Infrastructure for Data on Religion in the Digital Age

Data in and for religion is arguably as old as humanity. Religious significance has been attached to an immense variety of artifacts and documents, often in written form, in nearly all spoken and written languages over the past millennia. The rise of the digital age gives to the scholar in religious studies the opportunity to build research over a much wider array of data than ever before; institutions which have data repositories (such as libraries, museums, universities, etc.) similarly have the chance to make their collections available to a larger community. On the other hand, however, there is a serious risk that a considerable amount of data gets lost during the "Digital transition". This paper presents the approach of the RESILIENCE Research Infrastructure in dealing with the issue of big data and data loss within the field of religious studies.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Kinematic, Metamorphic and Age Constraints on the Miyar Thrust Zone: Implications for the Eohimalayan History of the High Himalayan Crystalline of NW India

Table 1: Instrumental setup and operating conditions during the LA-ICP-MS analyses Table 2: U/Th-Pb Analytical Data

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Insights from survival analyses during 12 years of anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Importance: While multiple imputation models for missing data and use of mixed effects models generally provide better outcome estimates than using only observed data or last observation carried forward in clinical trials, such approaches usually cannot be applied to visual outcomes from retrospective analyses of clinical practice settings, so-called real-world outcomes. Objective: To explore potential utility of survival analysis techniques for retrospective clinical practice visual outcomes. Design: Retrospective cohort study with 12-year observation period. Setting: A tertiary eye center. Participants: Of 10,744 eyes with neovascular AMD receiving anti-VEGF therapy between October 2008 and February 2020, 7802 eyes met study criteria (treatment-naïve, first-treated eyes starting anti-VEGF therapy). Main outcome measures: Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards modelling were used to consider: VA reaching ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) letter score 70 (Snellen equivalent 20/40) or better; duration VA sustained at or better than 70 (20/40); and VA declining to 35 (20/200) or worse. Results: The median time to attaining VA letter score ≥ 70 (20/40) was 2.0 years (95% CI 1.87 - 2.32) after the first anti-VEGF injection. Predictive features were baseline VA (HR 1.43 per 5 ETDRS letter score or 1 line [95% CI 1.40 - 1.46]), baseline age (HR 0.88 per 5 years [95% CI 0.86 - 0.90]), and injection number (HR 1.123 [95% CI 1.101 - 1.15]). Of the 56% attaining this outcome, median time sustained at 70 (20/40) or better was 1.1 years (95% CI 1.1 - 1.2). Conclusions and relevance: Survival analysis potentially addresses key limitations of retrospective clinical practice (real-world) data by accounting for variable observation time-points and follow-up durations. Modelling with multiple covariates reveals factors that may help inform the likely visual trajectory of an individual. We demonstrate the utility of our proposed analyses by showing that patients with neovascular AMD beginning anti-VEGF therapy are more likely to experience positive visual outcomes within the first 2.9 years, typically maintaining this for 1.1 years, but then deteriorating to poor vision within 8.7 years. We believe that this dataset, combined with our statistical approach for retrospective analyses, may provide long-term prognostic information for patients newly diagnosed with this condition.<a name="_nckpxvmwyi"></a>

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Age-related change of axial length, spherical equivalent, prevalence of myopia and high myopia in school-age children in Shanghai: 2014 to 2018

Objective To investigate the age-related changefor axial length (AL), Spherical equivalent (SE), prevalence of myopia and high myopiain children at 7 to 18 year-olds in Shanghai in 2014 and 2018, respectively, to compare these parameters between 2014 and 2018, and to evaluated the potential factors associated with AL. Design An observational study. Setting Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai. Methods One primary school, one junior high school, and one senior high school were randomly selected in 2014 and 2018, respectively. AL, SE, prevalence of myopia and high myopia, height and weight were measured. A questionnaire regarding the lifestyles was completed. Results Mean AL were shorter in 2018 than in 2014 (P = 0.003), whereas mean SE was greater in 2018 than in 2014 (P < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was lower in 2018 than in 2014 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013, respectively). Mean AL increased with age from 7 year-oldsto18 year-oldsin 2014and 2018 (both P < 0.001), respectively. Mean SE decreased with age in 2014 and 2018 (both P < 0.001), respectively. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia increased with age in 2014 and 2018 (all P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that longer AL was mainly associated male gender and body height. Conclusion This study shows normative growth values for AL and SE in Shanghai children at the age of 7 to 18 year-olds, as well as the age-specific prevalence of myopia and high myopia.

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

The effect of age on non-reproductive division of labour in the tropical primitively eusocial wasp, Ropalidia cyathiformis

Division of labour among workers (non-reproductive division of labour), a characteristic feature of eusocial insects enables the efficient functioning of their colonies. In many advanced insect societies division of labour is based on age (age polyethism). Primitively eusocial insects however are believed to have a weak age polyethism. Here we investigated the role of age in non-reproductive division of labour in the tropical primitively eusocial wasp, Ropalidia cyathiformis and compared it with that in Ropalidia marginata, a congeneric species that exhibits relatively strong age polyethism. Age had a significant effect on the first performance of the four tasks studied; tasks were initiated in the sequence feed larva, build, bring food and bring building material. We measured task performance as the absolute frequency of tasks performed (FTP) and the probability of performing a task relative to other tasks (PTP) and age as absolute age in days since eclosion as well as relative age compared to nestmates. FTP varied significantly with both absolute and relative age, although absolute age explained more variance. PTP varied significantly with absolute age but not always with relative age. This is contrary to R. marginata, where more variation is explained by relative age than by absolute age. There was no trade-off between intranidal and extranidal tasks in R. cyathiformis unlike in R. marginata where the frequency of intranidal tasks decreased and that of extranidal tasks increased with age. We conclude that age polyethism is weak and less flexible in R. cyathiformis compared to that in R. marginata.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Mapping the age of ice of Gauligletscher combining surface radionuclide contamination and ice flow modeling: Radionuclide data

The data corresponds to 239-Pu and 236-U concentrations of 220 samples of ice collected along 5 flowlines at the surface of Gauligletscher in July 2019. Details about the data sampling and analysis can be found in the paper "Mapping the age of ice of Gauligletscher combining surface radionuclide contamination and ice flow modeling", by G. Jouvet, S. Röllin, H. Sahli, J. Corcho, L. Gnägi, L. Compagno, D. Sidler, M. Schwikowski, A. Bauder, and M. Funk. The Cryosphere, 2020.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

The evolution of age-specific choosiness when mating

Mate choice is a crucial element of many processes in evolutionary biology. Empirical research has shown that mating preference and choosiness often change with age. Understanding the evolutionary causes of patterns of age-specific choosiness is challenging because different mechanisms can give rise to the same pattern. Instead of focusing on the optimal age-specific choosiness strategy given fitness trade-offs, we approach this question from a more general standpoint and ask how the strength of selection on choosiness changes with the age at which it is expressed. We show that the strength of selection on a modifier of choosiness at a given age depends on the relative contribution of this age class to the pool of offspring but does not depend directly on the strength of selection on fitness components at the age affected by the modifier. We illustrate our results by contrasting two life histories from the literature. We further show how mutation-selection balance at the choosiness locus can shape age-specific choosiness. Our results provide new insights for understanding the evolution of choosiness throughout life, with implications for understanding the evolution of mate choice and reproductive isolation.