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FIG. 9 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 9. — Chess piece, Castila, 12th century. Baltimore, Walters Art Museum: 71.145. Height: 7.1 cm (Photo Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, CC).
FIG. 11 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 11. — The Ainkhürn Schwert (Unicorn Sword) of Philip the Good of Burgundy, mid-15th century, Vienna, Imperial treasure, Hofburg (Kunsthistorisches Museum: SK XIV-3). Length: 104 cm (Photo KHM-Museumsverband).
FIG. 4 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 4. — Oliphant given to Philip III of France by Magnus VI of Norway. Trondheim, 2nd half of the 13th century. Florence, Museo Nazionale del Bargello: 39 C. Length: 52.5 cm.
FIG. 3 in When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages
FIG. 3. — Crozier and ring found in the tomb of bishop Olafur (1246-1280) in Garðar. Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen. Crozier height: 14 cm (Photo: Nationalmuseet Copenhagen: CC-BY-SA).
Dataset of 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Canary Islands_Janubio
<p>Lava dating by means of Ar / Ar radiometric analysis performed by the University of Oregon de las Salinas de Janubio (Lanzarote, Canary Islands).</p>
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduce senescence and extend healthspan in mouse models of aging.
<p>Source data file</p>
Legacy forest structure increases bird diversity and abundance in aging young forests
Many studies have demonstrated the importance of early successional forest habitat for breeding bird abundance, composition, and diversity. However, very few studies directly link measures of bird diversity, composition and abundance to measures of forest composition and structure and their dynamic change over early succession. This study examines the relationships between breeding bird community composition and forest structure in regenerating broadleaf forests of southern New England, USA, separating the influences of ecological succession from retained stand structure. We conducted bird point counts and vegetation surveys across a chronosequence of forest stands, that originated between 2 and 24 years previously in shelterwood timber harvests, a silvicultural method of regenerating oak-mixed broadleaf forests. We distinguish between vegetation variables that relate to condition of forest regeneration and those that reflect legacy stand structure. Using principal components analyses we confirmed the distinction between regeneration and legacy vegetation variables. We ran regression analysis to test for relationships between bird community variables, including nesting and foraging functional guild abundances, and vegetation variables. We confirmed these relationships with hierarchical partitioning. Our results demonstrate that regenerating and legacy vegetation correlate with bird community variables across stand phases, and that the strength with which they drive bird community composition changes with forest succession. While measures of regeneration condition explain bird abundance and diversity variables during late initiation, legacy stand structure explains them during stem exclusion. Canopy cover, ground-story diversity, and canopy structure diversity are the most powerful and consistent explanatory variables. Our results suggest that leaving varied legacy stand structure to promote habitat heterogeneity in shelterwood harvests contributes to greater bird community diversity. Interestingly, this is particularly important during the structurally depauperate phase of stem exclusion of young regenerating forests.
Data from: Corneal laser procedure for vision improvement in patients with late stage dry age-related macular degeneration
<p><span>Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of corneal photovitrification (CPV), a new corneal laser procedure, for vision improvement in patients with late-stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</span></p> <p><span>Design: Retrospective observational cohort study</span></p> <p><span>Participants: 32 eyes of 17 patients with late-stage dry AMD; each eye received a single CPV corneal laser procedure and had 12 months (12m) post-treatment (Tx) follow-up.</span></p> <p><span>Methods: Pre- and post-Tx examinations included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, subjective manifest refraction, best corrected distance and near visual acuity (BCDVA and BCNVA), and potential visual acuity (PVA). Additional examinations including contrast sensitivity (CS), corneal topography (CT), ray tracing aberrometry (RTA) and microperimetry (MP) were obtained for a subgroup (n=12) of eyes.</span></p> <p><span>Main Outcome Measures: BCDVA, BCNVA, PVA, CS, CT, RTA and MP measurements</span></p> <p><span>Results: Safety - There were no complications or adverse events. Efficacy – Mean (± SD) BCDVA improved significantly (p < 0.004) from 20/238 (1.08 logMAR) at baseline to 20/144 (0.86 logMAR) at 12m post-Tx corresponding to 11.0 (± 13.1) letters gained. Mean contrast sensitivity improved significantly (p < 0.05) by a factor of 1.86 from baseline at 12m post-Tx. </span></p> <p><span>Conclusions: Subject to the limitation of a small sample size, this pilot study indicates that the CPV corneal laser procedure is safe and efficacious for vision improvement in patients with late-stage dry AMD. The CPV Tx mechanism of action involves retinal irradiance distribution modifications that may stimulate patient use of functional, rather than atrophied, retinal regions. </span></p>
Data from: The Moorfields AMD database report 2 - fellow eye involvement with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
<p><b>Background/Aims:</b> Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is frequently bilateral, and previous reports on 'fellow eyes'' have assumed sequential treatment after a period of treatment of the first eye only. The aim of our study was to analyse baseline characteristics and visual acuity (VA) outcomes of fellow eye involvement with nAMD, specifically differentiating between sequential and non-sequential (due to macular scarring in the first eye) anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment and timelines for fellow eye involvement.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Retrospective, electronic medical record database study of the Moorfields AMD database of 6265 patients /120,286 single entries with data extracted between October 21, 2008 and August 9, 2018. The dataset for analysis consisted of 1180 sequential, 807 nonsequential, and 3410 unilateral eyes.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Mean VA (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters±SD) of sequentially treated fellow eyes at baseline was significantly higher (63±13), VA gain over two years lower (0.37±14), and proportion of eyes with good VA (≥70 letters) higher (46%) than the respective first eyes (baseline VA 54±16, VA gain at two years 5.6±15, percentage of eyes with good VA 39%). Non-sequential fellow eyes showed baseline characteristics and VA outcomes similar to first eyes. Fellow eye involvement rate was 32% at two years, and median time interval to fellow eye involvement was 71 (IQR 27-147) weeks.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> This report shows sequentially treated nAMD fellow eyes have better baseline and final VA than non-sequentially treated eyes after 2 years of treatment. Sequentially treated eyes also had a greater proportion with good VA after 2 years.</p>
Figures 11-12 from: Reis M, Figueira WF (2020) Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318
Figures 11-12 Monthly averages (±SE) of marginal increments from sections of vertebral centra of Trygonorrhina fasciata (11) and Dentiraja australis (12). The values indicate the number of sampled individuals.
Figure 2 from: Reis M, Figueira WF (2020) Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318
Figure 2 Photos of vertebrae section of Trygonorrhina fasciata (left, sampling code AP085 – 632 mm TL) and Dentiraja australis (right, sampling code 053 – 328 mm DW). White dots indicated by arrows show birth mark (BM), while the remaining highlight the growth opaque bands and the bar indicate vertebral radius (VR).
Figures 25-26 from: Reis M, Figueira WF (2020) Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318
Figures 25-26 Ratio of females in each reproduction stage per month and season in the available samples of Trygonorrhina fasciata (25) and Dentiraja australis (26).
Figures 9-10 from: Reis M, Figueira WF (2020) Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318
Figures 9-10 Von Bertalanffy growth curve for Trygonorrhina fasciata (9) and for Dentiraja australis (10). The line is the adjusted VBGM.
Figures 5-6 from: Reis M, Figueira WF (2020) Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318
Figures 5-6 Length-weight relationship for males (black dots) and females (white dots) using total length for Trygonorrhina fasciata (5) and using disc width for Dentiraja australis (6).
Figure 1 from: Reis M, Figueira WF (2020) Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318
Figure 1 Map of Australia (a), New South Wales (b) and the upper central New South Wales coast (c) with landing locations of sampled individuals of Trygonorrhina fasciata and the Dentiraja australis.
Figures 7-8 from: Reis M, Figueira WF (2020) Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318
Figures 7-8 Relationship between vertebral radius (mm) and total length (cm) with 95% confidence of Trygonorrhina fasciata (7) and for Dentiraja australis (8).
Figures 3-4 from: Reis M, Figueira WF (2020) Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318
Figures 3-4 Linear relationship between Total Length (Lt) and Disc Width (DW) for Trygonorrhina fasciata (3) and Dentiraja australis (4). Black dots (males) and white dots (females).
Figures 19-24 from: Reis M, Figueira WF (2020) Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318
Figures 19-24 Hepatosomatic index (19–21) and gonadosomatic index (22–24) with standard error (±2 SE) for sampled specimens of Dentiraja australis. Results of HSI considering both sexes (19), females only (20) and males only (21) and GSI considering both sexes (22), females only (23) and males only (24).
Figures 13-18 from: Reis M, Figueira WF (2020) Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia. Zoologia 37: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318
Figures 13-18 Hepatosomatic index (13–15) and gonadosomatic index (16–18) with standard error (±2 SE) for sampled specimens of Trygonorrhina fasciata. Results of HSI considering both sexes (13), females only (14) and males only (15) and GSI considering both sexes (16), females only (17) and males only (18).
Data from: Age-dependent speciation can explain the shape of empirical phylogenies
Tens of thousands of phylogenetic trees, describing the evolutionary relationships between hundreds of thousands of taxa, are readily obtainable from various databases. From such trees inferences can be made about the underlying macroevolutionary processes, yet remarkably these processes are still poorly understood. Simple and widely used evolutionary null models are problematic: empirical trees show very different imbalance between the sizes of the daughter clades of ancestral taxa compared to what models predict. Obtaining a simple evolutionary model that is both biologically plausible and produces the imbalance seen in empirical trees is a challenging problem, to which none of the existing models provide a satisfying answer. Here we propose a simple, biologically-plausible macroevolutionary model in which the rate of speciation decreases with species age, while extinction rates can vary quite generally. We show that this model provides a remarkable fit to the thousands of trees stored in the online database TreeBase. The biological motivation for the identified age-dependent speciation process may be that recently evolved taxa often colonise new regions or niches and may initially experience little competition. These new taxa are thus more likely to give rise to further new taxa than a taxon that has remained largely unchanged and is therefore well-adapted to its niche. We show that age-dependent speciation may also be the result of different within-species populations following the same laws of lineage splitting to produce new species. As the fit of our model to the tree database shows, this simple biological motivation provides an explanation for a long standing problem in macroevolution.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.