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Figure 9. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion

Figure 9. A, reconstructed articular surfaces of the right radioulnocarpal joint of Coloborhynchus robustus. Elements are oriented as in Fig. 7: radius and ulna in lateral view, and proximal syncarpal in medial view. Scale bar: 50 mm. B, diagrammatic representation of (A), showing contact areas in the close-packed position, the joint axis, and the conjunct rotation axis. C, right radius, ulna, syncarpals, and wing metacarpal in their respective close-packed positions in posterodorsal aspect, viewed along the radioulnocarpal joint axis. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.

Figure 23 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion

Figure 23. Methods of changing the angle of attack of the inner wing. A, left lateral view of Anhanguera configured as in Fig. 18. The broken line indicates the chord line. The angle of attack of the section is zero. B, as in (A), but with the left leg depressed at the hip by 30°. The geometric angle of attack a is indicated. C, as in (A), but with the leg supinated at the hip by 30°. The leg movements shown in (B) and (C) increase both the angle of attack and the camber of the inner wing.

Figure 24 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion

Figure 24. Effects of pteroid depression. A, left lateral view of Anhanguera as in Fig. 23. B, as in (A), but with the left pteroid depressed by 30°. The camber is increased and the angle of attack, a, is reduced by this movement.

Figure 21. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion

Figure 21. A, typical plots of pitching moment M against angle of attack a (measured with respect to the zero-lift angle of attack) for stable and unstable aircraft. Both aircraft are shown balancing at the same equilibrium angle of attack, at which point the pitching moment is zero. B, the effect of raising the elevators (1) on the longitudinal balance of a stable aircraft: the pitching moment is increased, as is the equilibrium angle of attack, so the aircraft pitches up (2) until equilibrium is restored. C, the effect of raising the elevators (1) on the longitudinal balance of an unstable aircraft: the pitching moment is increased, but the equilibrium angle of attack is reduced, so the aircraft now pitches up away from equilibrium (2).

Figure 15. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion

Figure 15. A, reconstructed articular surfaces of the right carpometacarpal joint of Coloborhynchus robustus. Elements are oriented as in Fig. 7: distal syncarpal in lateral view and wing metacarpal in medial view. Scale bar: 50 mm. B, diagrammatic representation of (A), showing contact areas in the close-packed position and the joint axis. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.

Figure 22 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion

Figure 22. Increasing the equilibrium angle of attack of an unstable aircraft can be brought about by decreasing the derivative dM/da, where M is the pitching moment and a is the angle of attack, by sweeping the wings back (A), or by decreasing the zero-lift pitching moment M0, by depressing the pteroids for example (B). These adjustments can theoretically be used in response to an unstable nose-up pitch (1), thus establishing a new equilibrium (2).

Figure 19. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion

Figure 19. A, Stable but unbalanced wing profile, with the centre of gravity (c.g.) situated ahead of the mean aerodynamic centre (m.a.c.). B, stable and balanced configuration, with a small tailplane set at a negative incidence with respect to the main wing.

Figures 45–52. Callanga ashaninka. 45–48 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 45–52. Callanga ashaninka. 45–48) Holotype male. 45) Dorsal habitus. 46) Ventral habitus. 47) Lateral habitus. 48) Head, frontal view. 49–52) Paratype female. 49) Dorsal habitus. 50) Ventral habitus. 51) Lateral habitus. 52) Distal antennomeres.

Figures 34–44. Callanga and Lapazina spp. 34–36 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 34–44. Callanga and Lapazina spp. 34–36) Callanga tenebrosa, paratype female. 34) Dorsal habitus. 35) Lateral habitus. 36) Distal antennomeres. 37–39) Callanga trichocera, paratype female. 37) Dorsal habitus. 38) Lateral habitus. 39) Distal antennomeres. 40) Callanga trichocera, paratype male, dorsal habitus. 41–43) Lapazina fuscipennis, female. 41) Dorsal habitus. 42) Lateral habitus. 43) Distal antennomeres. 44) Lapazina fuscipennis, male, dorsal habitus.

Figures 13–16. Schmidarius kondratieffi, holotype female. 13 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 13–16. Schmidarius kondratieffi, holotype female. 13) Dorsal habitus. 14) Ventral habitus. 15) Lateral habitus. 16) Head, frontal view.

Figures 17–28. Males. 17–18 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 17–28. Males. 17–18) Phoebe alba. 17) Eye and gena. 18) Metatarsus. 19) Phoebe cava, eye and gena. 20) Phoebe mafra, holotype, eye and gena. 21–22) Phoebe cornuta. 21) Eye and gena. 22) Metatarsus. 23–24) Phoebe goiana, holotype. 23) Eye and gena. 24) Metatarsus. 25–26) Phoebe bicornis. 25) Eye and gena. 26) Metatarsus.

Figures 7–12. Lamacoscylus humilis. 7–9 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 7–12. Lamacoscylus humilis. 7–9) Male. 7) Dorsal habitus. 8) Ventral habitus. 9) Antennomere III. 10–12) Female. 10) Dorsal habitus. 11) Ventral habitus. 12) Antennomere III.

Figures 29–33. Phoebella spp. 29–30 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 29–33. Phoebella spp. 29–30) Phoebella phoebe, dorsal habitus. 29) Male. 30) Female. 31–32) Phoebe tinga, holotype male. 31) Dorsal habitus. 32) Lateral habitus. 33) Phoebella phoebe, male, antennomeres XI–XII.

Figures 1–6 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 1–6. Habitus of Hemilophini spp. 1–2) Cirrhicera leuconota, dorsal habitus. 1) Holotype female (Hemilophus leuconotus). 2) Male.3) Lamacoscylus albatus, male, dorsal habitus. 4) Malacoscylus humilis (Lamacoscylus humilis), holotype male, dorsal habitus. 5) Malacoscylus humilis flavescens (Schmidarius flavescens), syntype male, dorsal habitus. 6) Malacoscylus humilis flavescens (Schmidarius grisescens), BMNH specimen identified by Bates, dorsal habitus.

Figures 53–60. Fredlanea spp. 53–56 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 53–60. Fredlanea spp. 53–56) Fredlanea lazulina, holotype male. 53) Dorsal habitus. 54) Ventral habitus. 55) Lateral habitus. 56) Head, frontal view. 57–60) Fredlanea consobrina, female. 57) Dorsal habitus. 58) Lateral habitus. 59) Lateral habitus, holotype. 60) Dorsal habitus, holotype.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Testing Flood Damage Models on three recorded flood events in Italy

<p>The package includes: 1) two excel files containing input, processing and output of the statistical analysis; 2) a geodata folder made of three sub-folders, each related to case study areas (Adda, Bacchiglione, Secchia). They include the output of flood hazard models and geometries of exposed buildings.</p>

Fig. 17 in A revision of dragon millipedes III: the new genus Gigaxytes gen. nov., with the description of three new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

Fig. 17. Gigaxytes parvoterga Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov., ³ paratype – right gonopod. A. Mesal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view.

Fig. 14. A–B in A revision of dragon millipedes III: the new genus Gigaxytes gen. nov., with the description of three new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

Fig. 14. A–B. Photographs of live Gigaxytes parvoterga Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov., specimens from Tham Khao Ting A. ♂ paratype. B. ♀ paratype. C. Habitat.

Fig. 12 in A revision of dragon millipedes III: the new genus Gigaxytes gen. nov., with the description of three new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

Fig. 12. Gigaxytes gigas (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994) gen. et comb. nov., ³, specimen from Wat Tham Sue (Tiger Cave) – right gonopod. A. Mesal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view.

Fig. 10 in A revision of dragon millipedes III: the new genus Gigaxytes gen. nov., with the description of three new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

Fig. 10. Gigaxytes gigas (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994) gen. et comb. nov., ³, specimen from Wat Tham Sue (Tiger Cave). A. Anterior body part. B. Body rings 8–10. C. Posteriormost body rings and telson. D. Head and antenna. E. ♂ leg 5 (right). F. ♂ leg 6 (right). G. ♂ leg 13 (right). H. Midbody ring.