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9,671 results for “Leaf”
FIGURE 2. A. Habitat, B. Above leaf blade, C. Beneath leaf blade, D. Inflorescence, E in Rediscovery of Salvia dugesiana (Lamiaceae) in Guanajuato, Mexico, after 129 years
FIGURE 2. A. Habitat, B. Above leaf blade, C. Beneath leaf blade, D. Inflorescence, E. Detail of the floral node and lateral view of the corolla, F. Detail of the lowermost floral bracts, G. Lateral view of the corolla, H. Style and connective, I. Immature mericarps. Photographs taken by Brenda Bedolla (A, F, G, I), Jesús G. González-Gallegos (B–E, H).
Leaf processing behavior in Atta leafcutter ants: 90% of leaf cutting takes place inside the nest, and ants select pieces that require less cutting
<p>Leafcutter ants cut trimmings from plants, carry them to their underground nests, and cut them into smaller pieces before inoculating them with a fungus that serves as a primary food source for the colony. Cutting is energetically costly, so the amount of cutting is important in understanding foraging energetics. Estimates of the cutting density, meters of cutting per square meter of leaf, were made from samples of transported leaf cuttings and of fungal substrate from field colonies of <em>Atta cephalotes</em> and <em>Atta colombica</em>. To investigate cutting inside the nest, we made leaf-processing observations of our laboratory colony, <em>A. cephalotes</em>. We did not observe the commonly reported reduction of the leaf fragments into a pulp, which would greatly increase the energy cost of processing. Video clips of processing behaviors, including behaviors that have not previously been described, are linked. An estimated 2.9 (+0.3) kilometers of cutting with mandibles was required to reduce a square meter of leaf to fungal substrate. Only about 12% (+ 1%) of this cutting took place outside of the nest. The cutting density and energy cost is lower for leaf material with higher ratios of perimeter to area, so we tested for, and found that the laboratory ants had a preference for leaves that were pre-cut into smaller pieces. Estimates suggest that the energy required to transport and cut up the leaf material is comparable to the metabolic energy available from the fungus grown on the leaves, and so conservation of energy is likely a particularly strong selective pressure for leafcutter ants.</p>
Foraging Networks of the Leaf-Cutting Ant Atta bisphaerica
<p>This dataset describes the foraging network of four nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta bisphaerica over an 8-month period covering the whole humid season and part of the dry season. All nests were in a pasture located in the southern part of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, near the municipality of Coronel Pacheco( 21° 39'S, 43° 21'W, altitude: 800m). The networks consist of underground tunnels connecting the nests to distant foraging holes from which one or several foraging trails depart to reach resource patches. The dataset gives the positions and status (active, inactive, close) of the foraging holes as well as the number, length and terminal position of each trail departing from these holes.</p>
FIGURES 266–268. The South American transition zone. 266 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 266–268. The South American transition zone. 266, the Neotropical and Ando-Patagonian regions; 267, high Andean Nepticulidae species were described from two biogeographical provinces: the Páramo and Puna; 268, The South American transition zone (after Morrone 2014, 2015) which, following Morrone (2015), includes the Páramo, Puna, Nazca (or Desert sensu Morrone 2015), Atacama, Prepuna and Monte provinces but in our monograph was considered as belonging to the Ando-Patagonian Region (the Andean region sensu Morrone 2015).
FIGURES 250–255 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 250–255. Bionomics of Stigmella calceolarifoliae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 250, 251, host-plant Calceolaria sp. (Calceolariaceae); 252–255, leaf-mines.
FIGURES 245–249 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 245–249. Stigmella calceolarifoliae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 245, holotype, male adult; 246, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. AD650, phallus; 247, same, capsule with phallus removed; 248, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 249, paratype, female genitalia, slide no. AD649 (ZMUC).
FIGURES 238–244 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 238–244. Bionomics of Stigmella clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 238, host-plant Clinopodium axillare (Rusby) Harley (Lamiaceae: Mentheae); 239–244, leaf-mines.
FIGURES 234–237 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 234–237. Female genitalia of Stigmella clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 234, general view, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD653; 231, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD651; 236, same, accessory sac and ductus spermathecae with curved sclerite; 237, apophyses, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD652 (ZMUC).
FIGURES 218–223 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 218–223. Genitalia of Stigmella ageratinae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 218, paratype, male genitalia, slide no. AD595, apical processes of valvae; 219, same, spined apex of phallus; 220, same, transtilla; 221, holotype, female genitalia, slide no. AD596, pectinations of bursa; 222, same, apophyses; 223, same, general view (ZMUC).
FIGURES 230–233 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 230–233. Male genitalia of Stigmella clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 230, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD646, capsule with phallus removed; 231, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 232, 233, same, phallus (ZMUC).
FIGURES 200–203 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 200–203. Male genitalia of Stigmella kristenseni Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol. 200, valvae, ventral view; 201, same, lateral view; 202, 203, same, dorsal view (ZMUC).
FIGURES 227–229 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 227–229. Bionomics of Stigmella ageratinae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 224, 226, host-plant Ageratina pentlandiana (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae); 225, 227–229, leaf-mines.
FIGURES 259–265 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 259–265. Known leaf-mines on Polylepis. 259, 260, Stigmella polylepiella Diškus & Stonis on Polylepis racemosa Ruiz & Pav., Peru, 60 km NW of Cuzco, Ollantaytambo, elevation 2850 m; 261–263, documentated leaf-mines of unknown Nepticulidae taxon on Polylepis racemosa Ruiz & Pav., Peru, Junin Province, Ondores, elevation 4100 m; 264, 265, Stigmella species 763 and species 764, mixed leaf-mines on Polylepis pauta Hieron., Ecuador, Pangor Canyon, 30 km NE Pallatanga, elevation 3025–3400 m (after Stonis et al. 2016b).
FIGURES 180–185 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 180–185. Stigmella nivea Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype. 180, 181, male adult; 182, 183, male genitalia, slide no. RA700, capsule with phallus removed; 184, same, gnathos; 185, same, phallus (ZMUC).
FIGURES 213–217 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 213–217. Stigmella ageratinae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 213, 214, holotype, female adult; 215, paratype, male genitalia, slide no. AD595, capsule with phallus removed; 216, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 217, same, phallus (ZMUC).
FIGURES 204–208 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 204–208. Stigmella lobata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 204, holotype, male adult; 205, same, forewing and hindwing; 206, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. RA553, capsule with phallus removed; 207, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 208, same, phallus (ZMUC).
FIGURES 157–161 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 157–161. Stigmella evanida Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 157, holotype, male adult; 158, same, male genitalia, slide no. AD672, cornuti in phallus; 159, same, capsule with phallus removed, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 160, same, ventral view; 161, phallus (ZMUC).
FIGURES 174–179 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 174–179. Stigmella alticosma Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype. 174, 175, male adult; 176, male genitalia, slide no. AD188, phallus; 177, same, uncus and gnathos; 178, same, capsule with phallus; 179, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view (ZMUC).
FIGURES 167–173 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 167–173. Stigmella angusta Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 167, 168, holotype, male adult; 169, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. AD633, capsule with phallus removed; 170, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 171, same, tube of phallus (vesica and cornuti removed); 172, 173, cornuti (ZMUC).
FIGURES 152–156 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 152–156. Stigmella ampla Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 152, holotype, male adult; 153, same, genitalia, slide no. AD645, transtilla; 154, same, valvae; 155, same, capsule with phallus removed; 156, same, phallus (ZMUC).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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