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COSP output for the TWPICE and KWAJEX case with varying cloud subgrid-scale parameters
<p>The control experiment is named SCG_LIN, in which the domain-averaged cloud fraction and condensate from CRM_LIN are used, along with median values of <em>L</em><sub>cf</sub>, <em>L</em><sub>cw</sub> and <em>v</em>. Two sensitivity experiments were carried out for each parameter using either lower or upper quartiles, while keeping the other two parameters unchanged. </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>CRM_LIN</p> </td> <td> <p>CRM output with LIN microphysics</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>CRM_SAM</p> </td> <td> <p>CRM output with SAM1MOM microphysics</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>CRM_M2005</p> </td> <td> <p>CRM output with M2005 microphysics</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>SCG_LIN</p> </td> <td> <p>SCG output based on domain-averaged clouds from CRM_LIN and median subgrid-scale parameters (<em>L</em><sub>cf </sub>= 1.6, <em>L</em><sub>cw </sub>= 0.9, <em>v </em>= 2)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>SCG_SAM</p> </td> <td> <p>Same as SCG_LIN but based on clouds from CRM_SAM</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>SCG_M2005</p> </td> <td> <p>Same as SCG_LIN but based on clouds from CRM_M2005</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>SCG_Exact</p> </td> <td> <p>SCG output using exact parameters derived from CRM_LIN</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>SCG_<em>L</em><sub>cf</sub>(3.2)</p> </td> <td> <p>Same as SCG_LIN but for <em>L</em><sub>cf </sub>= 3.2 in cloud overlap</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>SCG_<em>L</em><sub>cf</sub>(0.9)</p> </td> <td> <p>Same as SCG_<em> L</em><sub>cf</sub>(3.2) but for <em>L</em><sub>cf </sub>= 0.9</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>SCG_<em>L</em><sub>cw</sub>(1.5)</p> </td> <td> <p>Same as SCG_LIN but for <em>L</em><sub>cw </sub>= 1.5 in condensate overlap</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>SCG_<em>L</em><sub>cw</sub>(0.5)</p> </td> <td> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Same as SCG_<em> L</em><sub>cw</sub>(1.5) but for <em>L</em><sub>cw </sub>= 0.5</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>SCG_<em>v</em>(0.8)</p> </td> <td> <p>Same as SCG_LIN but for <em>v </em>= 0.8</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>SCG_<em>v</em>(5.9)</p> </td> <td> <p>Same as SCG_<em>v</em>(0.8) but for <em>v </em>= 5.9</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data from: Validity, applicability and universality of fractal scaling laws for natural lakes
<p><span>We conducted a systematic investigation on the validity, applicability and universality of the fractal scaling relationships for natural lakes within China. Hydro-climatic zones from the Hydrological regionalization of China were taken as the statistical units for all the analyses. Lake size and hydrological parameters used in the analyses are from the HydroLAKES database. To test the validity of the fractal scaling relationships between lake properties, power law functions were fitted to these properties. To examine the effects of topographical relief on the power law size distribution, regional degree of topographical relief was calculated for each zone based on ASTER GDEM2. To explore the potential impacts of human activities on the applicability of power law size distribution, Human modification index data was jointly analyzed with the power law distribution of lake size.</span></p>
Data from: Large-scale evolution of body temperatures in land vertebrates
<p>Body temperature is a crucial variable in animals that affects nearly every aspect of their lives. Here we analyze for the first time large-scale patterns in the evolution of body temperatures across terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods, including amphibians, mammals, birds and other reptiles). Despite the traditional view that endotherms (birds and mammals) have higher body temperatures than ectotherms, we find they are not significantly different. However, rates of body-temperature evolution are significantly different, with lower rates in endotherms than ectotherms, and the highest rates in amphibians. We find that body temperatures show strong phylogenetic signal over 350 million years of evolutionary history in tetrapods, and some lineages appear to have retained similar body temperatures over time for hundreds of millions of years. Although body temperatures are often unrelated to climate in tetrapods, we find that body temperatures are significantly related to day-night activity patterns. Specifically, body temperatures are generally higher in diurnal species than nocturnal species, both across ectotherms and, surprisingly, across endotherms also. Overall, our results suggest that body temperatures are significantly linked to phylogeny and diel-activity patterns within and among tetrapod groups, rather than just climate and the endotherm-ectotherm divide.</p>
FIGURE 9 in A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China
FIGURE 9. Male pupa of Qinococcus podocarpus Wu, sp. n. Notes: A: thoracic spiracle; B: multilocular pore with 3 central loculi in a triangle; C: multilocular pore with 2 central loculi.
FIGURES 10–15 in A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China
FIGURES 10–15. Habitat photographs of Qinococcus podocarpus Wu, sp. n. 10. Adult female; 11. Adult male; 12. Eggs and egg production; 13. First-instar nymph; 14. Cyst; 15. Third-instar male nymph.
FIGURE 8 in A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China
FIGURE 8. Third-instar nymph of male Qinococcus podocarpus Wu, sp. n. Notes: A: antenna; B: dorsum of scape and pedicel of antenna; C: thoracic spiracle; D: abdominal spiracle; E: leg; F: claw; G: U-shaped sclerotization; H: anus; I: simple pore; J: multilocular pore with 3 central loculi in a triangle; K: multilocular pore with 2 central loculi; L: hair at distal end of tibia; M: spine.
FIGURE 6 in A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China
FIGURE 6. Second-instar nymph (cyst) of male Qinococcus podocarpus Wu, sp. n. (left: dorsum; right: venter). Notes: A: antenna; B: thoracic spiracle; C: abdominal spiracle; D: flagellate seta; E: simple pore; F: multilocular pores each with 4–7 central loculi; G: spine; H: anal ring.
FIGURE 5 in A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China
FIGURE 5. Second-instar nymph (cyst) of female Qinococcus podocarpus Wu, sp. n. (left: dorsum; right: venter). Notes: A: antenna; B: thoracic spiracle; C: abdominal spiracle; D: flagellate seta; E: simple pore; F: multilocular pores each with 4‒7 central loculi; G: spine; H: anal ring.
FIGURE 2 in A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China
FIGURE 2. Adult female of Qinococcus podocarpus Wu, sp. n. (left: dorsum; right: venter). Notes: A: setae group at position of fore leg; B: thoracic spiracle; C: abdominal spiracle; D: simple pore; E: multilocular pore with 3 central loculi in a triangle; F: multilocular pores with 4–7 central loculi; G: multilocular pore with 2 central loculi; H: spine; I: flagellate seta; J: antenna; K: anal ring; L: vulva and 3 adjacent apodemes
FIGURE 3 in A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China
FIGURE 3. Adult male of Qinococcus podocarpus Wu, sp. n. Notes: A: leg; B: claw; C: thoracic spiracle; D: hind wing; E: circular sensorium; F: cuticular reticulum on fore wing; G: disc pore; H: simple pore; I: tubular duct; J: dorsal view of penis sheath; K: ventral view of penis sheath and penis; L: lateral view of penis sheath and penis; M: spine; N: venter of head; O: dorsum of prothorax, showing an inverted "π"-like post tergite; P: scutellum.
FIGURE 7 in A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China
FIGURE 7. Third-instar nymph (cyst) of female Qinococcus podocarpus Wu, sp. n. (left: dorsum; right: venter). Notes: A: antenna; B: thoracic spiracle; C: abdominal spiracle; D: flagellate seta; E: simple pore; F: multilocular pores each with 4–7 central loculi; G: spine; H: anal ring.
FIGURE 4 in A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China
FIGURE 4. First-instar nymph of Qinococcus podocarpus Wu, sp. n. Notes: A: antenna; B: coeloconic sensilla; C: labium; D: leg; E: claw; F: thoracic spiracle; G: abdominal spiracle; H: anus; I: cicatrice; J: multilocular pore with 3 central and outer loculi; K: multilocular pore with 1 central and 7 outer loculi; L: bilocular pore with 2 loculi; M: simple pore; N: sieve-like multilocular pore.
Psychometric Assessment of the Structural-Functional Social Support Scale (SFSSS) among Chinese Older Adults
<p>The data for the psychometric assessment of the Structural-Functional Social Support Scale (SFSSS) among Chinese older adults of Study 1, Study 2 and Test-retest reliability.</p> <p> </p>
Photoperiod influences the shape and scaling of freshwater phytoplankton responses to light and temperature
Light fluctuations are ubiquitous, exist across multiple spatial and temporal scales, and directly affect the physiology and ecology of photoautotrophs. However, the indirect effects of light fluctuations on the sensitivity of organisms to other key environmental factors are unclear. Here, we evaluate how photoperiod regime (period of time each day where organisms receive light), a dynamic element of aquatic ecosystems, can influence the interactive effects of temperature and irradiance (intensity of light) on the growth rate of phytoplankton populations. We first completed a literature review and meta-analysis that suggests photoperiod alters the individual effects of temperature – but not irradiance – on algal growth rates and that highlights how few studies experimentally manipulate photoperiod, temperature, and irradiance. To address this empirical gap, we conducted a set of laboratory experiments on three freshwater phytoplankton species (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, and Cryptomonas ovata). We measured performance surfaces relating growth rate to irradiance and temperature gradients for each species in constant (24:0 hours of light:dark) environments. We then evaluated whether analogous surfaces measured under different photoperiods and scaled by the duration of light availability could be inferred from results under constant light. For a majority of the combinations of species and photoperiods examined, photoperiod meaningfully altered the intercept and shape of performance surfaces. These differences were most pronounced under the shortest photoperiod (6:18 light:dark), where populations underperformed expectations. Alterations to performance surfaces were non-linear and mostly structured by temperature with higher temperatures yielding higher than anticipated growth rates. Collectively, these experiments and synthesis reveal the potential for photoperiod regime to influence the effects of temperature, irradiance, and their interaction on phytoplankton growth. Beyond the environmental variables and organisms presently considered, this research highlights the capacity for dynamic, abiotic variables to exert direct effects while also influencing relationships among other environmental factors.
FIGURE 64 in The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae
FIGURE 64. Adult female of Rhizoecus albidus Goux. © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.
FIGURE 69 in The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae
FIGURE 69. Maps of species distributions in Iran. A. Phenacoccus bromi Moghaddam; B. Phenacoccus daganiae Bodenheimer; C. Phenacoccus hordei (Lindeman); D. Phenacoccus insularis Danzig; E. Phenacoccus poae Moghaddam; F. Phenacoccus pumilus Kiritshenko; G. Phenacoccus solani Ferris; H. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley; I. Phenacoccus transcaucasicus Hadzibejli; J. Planococcus citri (Risso); K. Planococcus ficus (Signoret); L. Planococcus kraunhiae (Kuwana).
FIGURE 52 in The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae
FIGURE 52. Adult female of Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.
FIGURE 66 in The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae
FIGURE 66. Maps of species distributions in Iran. A. Antonina crawi Cockerell; B. Antonina graminis (Maskell); C. Artemicoccus bispinus Borchsenius; D. Artemicoccus poacearum Moghaddam & Watson sp. n.; E. Brevennia (Brevennia) rehi (Lindinger); F. Ceroputo pilosellae Šulc; G. Chorizococcus pazoukii Moghaddam; H. Chorizococcus viticola Kaydan & Kozár; I. Coccidohystrix burumandi Moghaddam; J. Coccura circumscripta (Kiritshenko); K. Dysmicoccus angustifrons (Hall); L. Dysmicoccus boninsis (Kuwana).
FIGURE 54 in The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae
FIGURE 54. Adult female of Rhodania aeluropi Williams & Moghaddam. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with the copyright holder's permission.
FIGURE 47 in The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae
FIGURE 47. Adult female of Planococcus citri (Risso). © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.